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Question 211

A company wants to classify documents and emails containing sensitive personal information to enforce protection policies automatically. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
B) Microsoft Entra Identity Protection
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Purview Information Protection (MIP) is a suite of capabilities that allows organizations to discover, classify, label, and protect sensitive information across Microsoft 365 services and on-premises environments. Its core function is to help ensure that sensitive data, such as personally identifiable information (PII), financial data, health information, and intellectual property, is adequately classified and protected according to organizational policies. In the context of SC-900, understanding MIP is critical for ensuring data security, regulatory compliance, and the implementation of protection policies.

Information Protection works by applying labels to documents and emails. Labels can be manually applied by users, automatically applied based on content inspection, or recommended to users based on detected sensitive data. These labels can include predefined classifications like Public, Internal, Confidential, or Highly Confidential. They can also be customized to meet specific regulatory or business requirements. Once applied, these labels trigger protection policies that control actions such as encryption, access restrictions, visual markings (headers, footers, watermarks), and sharing permissions.

Option B, Microsoft Entra Identity Protection, primarily focuses on detecting identity risks and enforcing risk-based access policies. While it enhances security, it does not classify or protect content based on data sensitivity. Option C, Microsoft Sentinel, provides monitoring, detection, and response for security incidents but does not classify or protect documents. Option D, Microsoft Defender for Office 365, focuses on threat protection in email and collaboration tools but does not automatically classify or protect content based on sensitivity.

Automatic classification in MIP uses built-in sensitive information types and machine learning models to detect patterns like social security numbers, credit card numbers, or health records. Policies can be created to automatically apply a label when a document or email contains such sensitive information. For example, if an email contains a credit card number, it can automatically be labeled as Confidential and encrypted to restrict access only to authorized personnel.

MIP labels are tightly integrated with Microsoft 365 services such as Word, Excel, PowerPoint, SharePoint, OneDrive, and Teams. This ensures that sensitive information remains protected regardless of the platform used for creation, storage, or collaboration. For example, a sensitive document stored in OneDrive can automatically enforce access restrictions, and any sharing attempts outside the organization can be blocked or require approval.

Administrators can define policy scopes, which specify which users, groups, or locations the labeling and protection rules apply to. This ensures that sensitive information is protected according to business requirements without impacting users unnecessarily. Policies can also include user notifications or policy tips, which provide real-time guidance on the appropriate handling of sensitive content. For instance, a user attempting to send a document labeled as Highly Confidential externally might receive a prompt explaining the sharing restrictions and possible alternatives.

In addition to classification and labeling, MIP integrates with Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention (DLP) to enforce data protection policies. Labels applied through MIP can trigger DLP rules that prevent accidental or malicious data leaks. For example, an email labeled as containing sensitive personal information can be automatically blocked from being sent externally or quarantined for review by compliance officers.

Monitoring and reporting are key capabilities of MIP. Administrators can track label usage, identify sensitive content locations, and audit policy compliance. Reports provide insights into how sensitive information is being handled, who has accessed it, and any policy violations. This visibility helps organizations demonstrate compliance with regulations like GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA.

MIP also supports protection for data at rest and in transit. By integrating with Azure Rights Management, documents and emails can be encrypted, and access can be restricted to authorized users. This ensures that sensitive data remains secure even if it leaves the organization’s managed environment. In addition, MIP labels can persist across email forwarding, file downloads, and printing, maintaining protection throughout the information lifecycle.

Integration with Microsoft Defender for Endpoint and cloud apps enhances MIP’s capabilities by extending labeling and protection to devices and cloud applications outside Microsoft 365. For instance, sensitive files stored in third-party cloud services can be discovered, classified, and protected, ensuring consistent enforcement of policies across multiple environments.

Microsoft Purview Information Protection also supports advanced features such as trainable classifiers and document fingerprinting. Trainable classifiers use machine learning to identify custom sensitive information types that are unique to an organization. Document fingerprinting allows organizations to identify and protect specific documents by creating a unique digital fingerprint. These features enable organizations to apply protection policies to proprietary or specialized information beyond the standard predefined sensitive types.

MIP policies are essential for proactive security and compliance management. They not only help prevent unauthorized access and data leakage but also educate users on proper data handling practices. Users become aware of the sensitivity of the content they work with, reducing the likelihood of accidental exposure. Additionally, by integrating with auditing and reporting tools, MIP provides actionable insights for compliance teams and supports regulatory reporting requirements.

By leveraging Microsoft Purview Information Protection, organizations can classify sensitive documents and emails, automatically apply protection policies, enforce encryption and access restrictions, and monitor compliance. Its integration with other Microsoft 365 security and compliance tools provides a holistic approach to managing sensitive data throughout its lifecycle, aligning directly with SC-900 objectives for cloud security, data protection, and regulatory compliance.

Question 212

A company wants to enforce access policies for users and devices before granting access to Microsoft 365 applications. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
B) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
C) Microsoft Defender for Office 365
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Entra Conditional Access is a policy-based access control solution that ensures secure access to Microsoft 365 applications and other cloud resources. It allows organizations to define and enforce conditions that must be met before granting access, including user identity, device compliance, location, application sensitivity, and risk level. Conditional Access is central to SC-900 learning objectives for identity and access management in cloud environments.

Conditional Access policies are applied in real-time when users attempt to access applications or services. For instance, access can be restricted if a user is signing in from an untrusted location, using a non-compliant device, or performing high-risk activities. Policies can enforce multi-factor authentication, require device compliance, limit session duration, or block access altogether. This approach ensures that only authorized users and trusted devices gain access to sensitive applications.

Option B, Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention, focuses on protecting sensitive information and preventing data leaks rather than enforcing access controls. Option C, Microsoft Defender for Office 365, protects against threats in email and collaboration platforms but does not control access to applications. Option D, Microsoft Sentinel, provides security monitoring and incident response but does not implement access control policies.

Conditional Access integrates with Microsoft Intune to assess device compliance. Devices that meet organizational security requirements, such as encryption, antivirus status, and operating system updates, are granted access, while non-compliant devices can be blocked or limited to restricted access. This ensures that the organization’s resources are protected from threats posed by unmanaged or insecure devices.

Policies can be granular, targeting specific users, groups, or applications. For example, executives accessing highly sensitive applications may be required to perform MFA and use a compliant device, while general employees accessing standard applications may have fewer requirements. This flexible approach balances security and usability.

Conditional Access also considers user risk and sign-in risk evaluated by Microsoft Entra Identity Protection. High-risk users or sign-ins can trigger additional verification steps, such as MFA or temporary access denial. This integration provides an adaptive security mechanism that responds dynamically to evolving threats.

Reporting and monitoring capabilities allow administrators to evaluate policy effectiveness, detect blocked sign-ins, identify risky access patterns, and refine policies based on real-world usage. Logs provide detailed insights into who accessed what, from where, and under what conditions, supporting compliance and auditing requirements.

By deploying Microsoft Entra Conditional Access, organizations can enforce access policies based on identity, device status, location, application sensitivity, and risk level. This ensures secure access to Microsoft 365 applications, minimizes the risk of unauthorized access, and aligns with SC-900 objectives for identity security, access management, and proactive threat mitigation in cloud environments.

Question 213

A company wants to monitor security events and respond to incidents across its cloud and on-premises environments. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Sentinel
B) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
C) Microsoft Entra Identity Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native security information and event management (SIEM) solution that provides intelligent security analytics and threat intelligence across an enterprise. It helps organizations detect, investigate, and respond to threats in real-time across both cloud and on-premises environments. Sentinel is highly relevant for SC-900 objectives related to threat detection, monitoring, incident response, and comprehensive cloud security management.

Sentinel collects data from multiple sources, including Microsoft 365, Azure resources, on-premises servers, firewalls, and third-party security tools. It normalizes and correlates this data to identify unusual activity, potential threats, and compliance issues. By leveraging built-in connectors and APIs, Sentinel can ingest logs, alerts, and events in real-time, enabling comprehensive visibility across the entire security landscape.

Option B, Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention, focuses on protecting sensitive information rather than monitoring security events. Option C, Microsoft Entra Identity Protection, assesses identity risks but does not provide a broad SIEM solution. Option D, Microsoft Defender for Office 365, protects against email-borne threats but does not provide enterprise-wide monitoring and incident response.

Sentinel uses advanced analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning to detect complex attack patterns, correlate events across multiple systems, and prioritize incidents based on severity. This reduces alert fatigue and helps security teams focus on high-impact threats. For example, Sentinel can correlate failed sign-in attempts, suspicious file downloads, and abnormal network activity to identify a potential breach, even if each individual event seems minor.

Incident response capabilities in Sentinel allow organizations to automate responses using playbooks. Playbooks are workflows that can contain actions such as blocking user accounts, isolating devices, sending alerts to administrators, or triggering remediation scripts. This automation improves response time, reduces manual workload, and ensures consistent handling of incidents across the organization.

Sentinel also provides detailed dashboards, visualizations, and reporting tools. Security teams can monitor live activity, track incident resolution, analyze trends, and generate reports for compliance or executive briefings. Built-in workbooks allow for customizable views and analytics tailored to organizational requirements.

Integration with other Microsoft security solutions, such as Defender for Endpoint, Defender for Identity, and Microsoft 365 Defender, enhances Sentinel’s capabilities. Threat intelligence is shared across services, enabling coordinated detection and response. For example, a malware detection on an endpoint can trigger an automated investigation and containment workflow in Sentinel, while also correlating with user activity logs and network alerts to assess the scope of the attack.

By implementing Microsoft Sentinel, organizations gain a unified view of their security posture, with the ability to detect and respond to threats across multiple environments. Its advanced analytics, automation, and integration capabilities align directly with SC-900 learning objectives for threat detection, incident response, security monitoring, and cloud-native security management.

Question 214

A company wants to detect and prevent sensitive data from being shared in Teams chats and emails. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
B) Microsoft Entra Identity Protection
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention (DLP) is a critical service designed to help organizations detect and prevent the unintentional or malicious sharing of sensitive information across Microsoft 365 services, including Teams, SharePoint, OneDrive, and Exchange. In the context of SC-900, DLP is one of the fundamental services that demonstrates how organizations can maintain compliance, enforce security policies, and protect sensitive data in cloud environments. DLP policies are established to monitor content, identify sensitive information, and apply protective actions such as blocking, warning users, or encrypting the content.

DLP works by scanning content for sensitive information types, which include personally identifiable information (PII), payment card information, health records, financial data, and other regulatory or business-specific information. These sensitive information types are predefined by Microsoft and can also be customized by administrators to fit the organization’s unique requirements. For example, if a Teams chat contains a social security number or credit card number, a DLP policy can automatically block the message from being sent or notify the user about the potential data violation.

Policies in Microsoft Purview DLP are highly customizable. Administrators can create rules that define the conditions under which actions are taken, including content patterns, user groups, and location of the data. For instance, a policy may enforce stricter monitoring for executives or users in the finance department, while standard policies may apply to general staff. This flexibility ensures that sensitive data is protected without unnecessarily restricting business productivity.

In addition to detecting sensitive content, DLP can enforce preventive actions in real-time. These actions include blocking access, restricting sharing capabilities, requiring encryption, or displaying policy tips to educate users on proper handling of sensitive information. Policy tips appear in applications like Outlook or Teams to guide users when they attempt to share data that violates policy, allowing them to make informed decisions and reduce accidental data exposure.

DLP is not limited to text content. It also monitors attachments, documents, and files stored in SharePoint, OneDrive, or Teams. By scanning file contents, metadata, and even embedded text in images (via Optical Character Recognition), DLP ensures that sensitive information is not accidentally uploaded or shared outside approved channels. This coverage is particularly important in hybrid work environments where collaboration occurs across multiple platforms and devices.

Integration with Microsoft Purview Information Protection further enhances DLP capabilities. For example, when a document is labeled as highly confidential in Information Protection, DLP policies can automatically enforce encryption, restrict access, and prevent external sharing. This unified approach ensures that sensitive information remains protected throughout its lifecycle, from creation to sharing and storage.

DLP also includes reporting and monitoring features, allowing administrators to track policy effectiveness, identify policy violations, and analyze trends in data handling. Reports provide insights into user behavior, high-risk activities, and sensitive content locations. This intelligence helps organizations refine policies, educate users, and demonstrate compliance with regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA.

Advanced features of DLP include integration with endpoint devices through Microsoft Defender for Endpoint. This allows organizations to monitor and enforce DLP policies on data leaving managed devices, including copying to USB drives, printing, or uploading to unauthorized cloud services. By extending DLP beyond Microsoft 365, organizations can achieve comprehensive data protection across endpoints, cloud services, and collaboration tools.

Furthermore, DLP supports automated remediation workflows. When a policy violation is detected, predefined actions can be triggered automatically. For example, if a sensitive file is shared externally, DLP can automatically restrict access, notify the compliance team, or quarantine the content for review. This automation reduces the manual workload for security and compliance teams and ensures consistent enforcement of policies.

The importance of DLP in SC-900 scenarios lies in its ability to protect critical information while maintaining business continuity. It provides organizations with a structured approach to managing sensitive data, minimizing the risk of accidental exposure, insider threats, and compliance violations. DLP ensures that sensitive information shared through Teams chats, emails, and other collaboration channels is identified, monitored, and protected according to the organization’s security policies and regulatory requirements.

By implementing Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention, organizations gain the capability to monitor real-time data flow, prevent unauthorized sharing, enforce security policies, educate users on safe data handling, and generate actionable insights for compliance. Its integration with Microsoft 365 applications, Information Protection, and endpoint security solutions ensures a comprehensive data protection strategy that aligns directly with SC-900 learning objectives for cloud security, compliance, and data governance.

Question 215

A company wants to identify risky user sign-ins and enforce additional authentication requirements. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Entra Identity Protection
B) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Entra Identity Protection is a cloud-based solution that focuses on detecting, assessing, and responding to identity-related risks in real-time. This service is vital for organizations that want to secure access to cloud applications and ensure that user identities are not compromised. Within SC-900, understanding how Entra Identity Protection manages identity risk, enforces conditional access, and integrates with other security tools is essential for identity and access management scenarios.

Identity Protection continuously monitors user sign-ins and activities across Microsoft 365 and other connected cloud services. It detects suspicious behaviors, such as atypical sign-in locations, unfamiliar devices, impossible travel between login locations, multiple failed sign-in attempts, or sign-ins from risky networks. These signals are analyzed using machine learning models and threat intelligence to calculate a risk score for each user or sign-in event. This risk-based scoring allows organizations to prioritize and respond to high-risk activities effectively.

Option B, Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention, focuses on protecting sensitive data but does not analyze user identity risk or enforce access controls. Option C, Microsoft Sentinel, monitors security events but is not focused specifically on identity risk detection. Option D, Microsoft Defender for Office 365, protects against email and collaboration threats but does not manage identity risk at the user sign-in level.

Entra Identity Protection supports policy-based risk remediation through integration with Conditional Access. Organizations can define policies that enforce multi-factor authentication, password resets, or access blocks based on the risk level. For example, a high-risk sign-in might require the user to verify their identity through multi-factor authentication before gaining access to applications. Medium-risk sign-ins might prompt the user to change their password. This adaptive approach ensures security while minimizing disruption to legitimate users.

Administrators can configure policies targeting specific users, groups, or sensitive applications. For example, high-value targets such as executives or finance team members may have stricter policies applied compared to general users. This granularity allows organizations to balance usability and security effectively.

Identity Protection also provides comprehensive reporting and monitoring capabilities. Security teams can track risky users, review sign-in risk history, monitor policy effectiveness, and investigate incidents. Reports help demonstrate compliance with regulatory frameworks and provide actionable insights for continuous improvement of security posture.

Integration with other Microsoft security services, such as Microsoft Sentinel and Defender for Identity, enhances threat detection and response. Suspicious activity detected by Identity Protection can trigger alerts in Sentinel, where automated playbooks can respond to incidents by notifying administrators, restricting access, or performing other remedial actions. This coordinated security response helps mitigate threats faster and more effectively.

Machine learning models in Entra Identity Protection continuously evolve to detect emerging threats and adapt to changing user behaviors. By analyzing global sign-in patterns and correlating threat intelligence from multiple sources, the system can proactively identify compromised accounts and prevent unauthorized access before significant damage occurs.

By deploying Microsoft Entra Identity Protection, organizations gain real-time visibility into user identity risks, enforce adaptive access policies, integrate with Conditional Access, automate remediation workflows, and ensure secure access to cloud applications. Its focus on identity risk management directly supports SC-900 objectives for identity security, risk-based access control, and proactive threat mitigation in cloud environments.

Question 216

A company wants to detect and respond to phishing emails targeting its employees. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Defender for Office 365
B) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
C) Microsoft Entra Identity Protection
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Defender for Office 365 is a security service designed to protect organizations against email-based threats, including phishing, malware, and other malicious content. This service is central to SC-900 objectives for threat protection, as it helps safeguard communication channels, prevent compromise of credentials, and protect sensitive organizational data.

Defender for Office 365 provides multiple layers of protection. Safe Links and Safe Attachments scan URLs and attachments in real-time to identify malicious content before a user interacts with it. Phishing detection algorithms analyze email content, sender reputation, and behavior patterns to identify suspicious emails. When threats are detected, the system can block messages, quarantine them, or alert administrators and users.

Option B, Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention, focuses on preventing sensitive data leakage but does not provide advanced phishing detection. Option C, Microsoft Entra Identity Protection, secures user identities but is not designed to detect phishing emails directly. Option D, Microsoft Sentinel, monitors security events broadly but does not provide specialized email threat protection.

Defender for Office 365 also includes anti-phishing policies that leverage machine learning and impersonation detection. It identifies attempts to impersonate executives, business partners, or trusted contacts, which are common tactics in phishing campaigns. Users can be educated about these threats through simulated phishing attacks and training campaigns integrated within the platform.

Reporting and alerting features provide administrators with insights into phishing attempts, user interactions with suspicious emails, and trends in email threats. Detailed analytics allow organizations to improve their security policies, educate employees, and adapt protective measures as threats evolve.

Automated investigation and response capabilities allow Defender for Office 365 to respond to detected threats by isolating compromised accounts, removing malicious emails from inboxes, and providing remediation guidance. Integration with Microsoft Sentinel enhances incident tracking and response, enabling a coordinated approach to threat management.

By deploying Microsoft Defender for Office 365, organizations protect employees from phishing attacks, reduce the risk of credential compromise, detect and neutralize malicious content, provide actionable insights to security teams, and ensure that email remains a secure communication channel. Its capabilities directly align with SC-900 learning objectives for threat protection, security awareness, and proactive defense against cloud-based attacks.

Question 217

A company wants to monitor and respond to security events across its cloud environment. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Sentinel
B) Microsoft Entra Identity Protection
C) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
D) Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration Automated Response (SOAR) solution that allows organizations to collect, detect, investigate, and respond to security events across cloud and on-premises environments. Within SC-900 objectives, Sentinel represents a critical component for security monitoring, threat detection, incident response, and compliance in a modern cloud environment.

Sentinel collects security-related data from a wide variety of sources, including Microsoft 365 applications, Azure services, endpoints, on-premises infrastructure, and third-party services. The platform uses connectors to ingest logs, alerts, and telemetry, creating a centralized view of security events. This centralized approach ensures that organizations can analyze potential threats holistically rather than in isolated silos, improving their ability to detect complex attacks that span multiple domains.

Detection capabilities in Microsoft Sentinel leverage advanced analytics, including built-in and customizable rules, machine learning models, and threat intelligence feeds. These tools help identify anomalies, suspicious behaviors, and attack patterns that might indicate a compromise. For example, Sentinel can correlate failed login attempts from multiple locations, unusual administrative activity, and suspicious file access patterns to detect potential insider threats or account compromise.

One of the key differentiators of Sentinel is its SOAR functionality. When a security event is detected, Sentinel can trigger automated playbooks to respond to incidents. Playbooks are based on Azure Logic Apps and allow administrators to define workflows that include notification, remediation, data collection, and containment steps. For example, if a phishing email is detected, a playbook can automatically isolate affected mailboxes, block malicious URLs, notify the security team, and log the incident for compliance reporting.

Sentinel’s capabilities extend to threat hunting, enabling security teams to proactively search for indicators of compromise and emerging threats. Analysts can run queries against collected data to uncover suspicious activity that may not trigger alerts automatically. This proactive approach helps organizations identify hidden risks and prevent attacks before they escalate.

Option B, Microsoft Entra Identity Protection, focuses on identity risk detection but does not provide holistic monitoring across all security events. Option C, Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention, focuses on protecting sensitive data rather than monitoring and responding to security events. Option D, Microsoft Defender for Office 365, specializes in protecting email and collaboration channels from phishing and malware but does not provide full SIEM and SOAR capabilities.

Sentinel supports advanced visualization and reporting tools that allow security teams to monitor security posture, track incidents, and generate compliance reports. Dashboards display real-time data, highlighting high-risk alerts, trending threats, and the status of active incidents. Reports can be tailored to specific regulatory requirements, supporting frameworks such as GDPR, HIPAA, or ISO standards, which is critical for organizations operating in regulated industries.

Integration with other Microsoft security services enhances Sentinel’s effectiveness. For instance, alerts from Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, Defender for Office 365, and Entra Identity Protection can be ingested into Sentinel for correlation and automated response. This integration ensures that security teams have comprehensive visibility and can respond quickly to incidents that span identity, endpoint, and cloud applications.

Sentinel also supports advanced machine learning models that continuously analyze data for patterns indicating potential threats. These models evolve over time, learning from past incidents, threat intelligence, and global attack trends to improve detection accuracy. Analysts can fine-tune models and rules to minimize false positives while ensuring high sensitivity to potential attacks.

In addition to monitoring, Sentinel allows for detailed incident investigation. When a threat is detected, security analysts can examine affected entities, timelines, and related events to understand the scope and impact of the attack. Graphical representations and detailed logs help trace the attack path, identify affected assets, and guide remediation efforts.

Sentinel’s scalability as a cloud-native solution ensures that it can handle large volumes of data from diverse sources without requiring on-premises infrastructure. This elasticity is particularly important for organizations with dynamic workloads, distributed environments, or hybrid deployments. Security operations teams can scale monitoring capacity in real-time to accommodate business growth and evolving threat landscapes.

By leveraging Microsoft Sentinel, organizations achieve a unified and proactive security strategy. They gain the ability to ingest data from multiple sources, detect advanced threats, automate responses, hunt for potential risks, investigate incidents, and maintain compliance. Its central role in cloud security monitoring and incident response directly aligns with SC-900 objectives for securing cloud workloads, managing security events, and implementing an integrated defense strategy.

Question 218

A company wants to protect endpoints from malware, ransomware, and other threats. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
B) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Entra Identity Protection

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Defender for Endpoint is an enterprise endpoint security platform designed to prevent, detect, investigate, and respond to advanced threats on endpoints, including desktops, laptops, servers, and mobile devices. In SC-900, understanding Defender for Endpoint is critical for endpoint protection, threat detection, and incident response in cloud-connected environments.

Defender for Endpoint provides comprehensive threat prevention using signature-based detection, behavioral analysis, heuristics, and machine learning models. It protects against malware, ransomware, phishing attacks, and fileless threats that exploit system vulnerabilities. This proactive approach ensures that endpoints are not only monitored but also actively defended against evolving threats.

Threat detection in Defender for Endpoint uses advanced analytics to identify suspicious behaviors, anomalous processes, and attack patterns. For example, if an unknown executable attempts to encrypt files or access sensitive directories, Defender can detect this behavior and alert security teams. It can also quarantine malicious files, terminate processes, and prevent further damage.

Option B, Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention, focuses on protecting sensitive data rather than detecting endpoint threats. Option C, Microsoft Sentinel, monitors security events but does not directly provide endpoint threat protection. Option D, Microsoft Entra Identity Protection, focuses on identity risk management but not endpoint threat prevention.

Defender for Endpoint supports endpoint detection and response (EDR) capabilities, which provide detailed telemetry, investigation tools, and response actions. Security analysts can track the lifecycle of a threat, understand how it entered the environment, and remediate infected devices. EDR data can also be integrated with SIEM solutions like Microsoft Sentinel to correlate endpoint events with broader security incidents.

Ransomware protection is a critical feature of Defender for Endpoint. It uses controlled folder access, behavior monitoring, and exploit protection to prevent unauthorized modification or encryption of files. When ransomware activity is detected, the platform can automatically block malicious processes, alert administrators, and guide remediation steps.

Defender for Endpoint also includes vulnerability management features. It can identify unpatched systems, misconfigurations, and security gaps that could be exploited by attackers. By providing actionable insights and remediation recommendations, organizations can proactively reduce their attack surface and strengthen overall security posture.

Integration with Microsoft 365 Defender enables cross-domain protection. Alerts from email, identity, and cloud apps can be correlated with endpoint events, providing a holistic view of threats. Automated investigation and response capabilities allow security teams to contain threats quickly, remove malware, and restore affected systems with minimal manual intervention.

Reporting and analytics tools within Defender for Endpoint provide detailed insights into threat trends, device health, and security posture. Organizations can generate reports for compliance purposes, track the effectiveness of security policies, and plan for future improvements. Advanced hunting capabilities allow analysts to proactively search for indicators of compromise, investigate anomalies, and identify potential attack vectors before incidents escalate.

By deploying Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, organizations achieve real-time protection against malware, ransomware, and other endpoint threats. Its integration with broader Microsoft security solutions, proactive detection and remediation capabilities, and detailed telemetry support SC-900 objectives for endpoint security, threat mitigation, and proactive incident response.

Question 219

A company wants to classify and label sensitive documents to protect them across Microsoft 365. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
B) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Entra Identity Protection

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Purview Information Protection (formerly known as Azure Information Protection) is a service that allows organizations to classify, label, and protect sensitive information across Microsoft 365 and other connected environments. In SC-900, Information Protection demonstrates how organizations can implement data classification, apply security policies, and enforce protection throughout the information lifecycle.

Information Protection works by applying sensitivity labels to documents and emails. Labels can be applied automatically, manually, or based on recommendations. Automatic labeling leverages content inspection, detecting sensitive data types such as PII, financial records, or intellectual property. Manual labeling allows users to choose appropriate sensitivity levels when creating or sharing content, promoting awareness and compliance.

Option B, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, focuses on endpoint threat protection rather than data classification. Option C, Microsoft Sentinel, monitors security events but does not provide content labeling or classification. Option D, Microsoft Entra Identity Protection, manages identity risk but does not classify or label documents.

Sensitivity labels define protective actions that are applied to content. These actions may include encryption, access restrictions, watermarking, and automatic content marking. For example, a highly confidential document can be encrypted to prevent unauthorized access, restricted to specific user groups, and watermarked to discourage sharing. These protections travel with the document even when it is shared externally, ensuring consistent security enforcement.

Labels can be integrated with Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention to enforce policy-based actions when sensitive content is detected. For instance, if a confidential file is emailed externally, DLP can block the transmission or notify administrators, leveraging the label applied by Information Protection. This integration provides end-to-end data security, from classification to monitoring and enforcement.

Information Protection also includes detailed analytics and reporting capabilities. Administrators can track label usage, monitor policy enforcement, and identify content that may require additional protection. Insights help organizations refine classification strategies, ensure compliance, and educate users on proper handling of sensitive information.

Advanced features include automatic classification using machine learning models that recommend labels based on content context, user behavior, and organizational policies. This reduces human error and ensures consistent labeling practices across the organization. Policies can be customized for specific departments, data types, or regulatory requirements, enabling granular control over content protection.

Integration with Microsoft 365 applications, including SharePoint, Teams, OneDrive, and Outlook, ensures that classification and protection mechanisms are applied consistently across collaboration channels. Users receive prompts, guidance, and automated enforcement actions, maintaining productivity while safeguarding sensitive data.

By deploying Microsoft Purview Information Protection, organizations can classify and label sensitive documents, enforce protection policies, monitor content usage, integrate with DLP, and maintain compliance with regulatory requirements. Its capabilities align directly with SC-900 objectives for data governance, information protection, and cloud security

Question 220

A company wants to manage user access to cloud applications using conditional access policies. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Entra ID
B) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Entra ID, formerly known as Azure Active Directory (Azure AD), is Microsoft’s cloud-based identity and access management (IAM) service, which allows organizations to manage user identities, enforce access policies, and secure access to cloud applications. Within the SC-900 framework, Entra ID represents a foundational component for identity security, enabling secure authentication, conditional access, and identity governance across Microsoft 365, Azure, and other connected platforms.

Conditional access policies in Entra ID are central to controlling access to applications and resources based on defined conditions. These policies allow organizations to implement risk-based access, requiring additional verification for high-risk scenarios or blocking access entirely under certain circumstances. For example, a policy can require multi-factor authentication when a user signs in from an unfamiliar location, device, or network. Conditional access ensures that only trusted users and devices can access sensitive resources, significantly reducing the risk of unauthorized access.

Entra ID supports a variety of authentication methods, including password-based, multi-factor authentication (MFA), passwordless options like Windows Hello for Business, FIDO2 security keys, and certificate-based authentication. These methods can be combined with conditional access rules to create a layered security approach. For instance, a user attempting to access financial applications might be required to authenticate with MFA only when they are outside the corporate network or using an untrusted device, ensuring flexibility without compromising security.

Option B, Microsoft Purview Information Protection, focuses on protecting data through classification and labeling rather than controlling access. Option C, Microsoft Sentinel, focuses on security monitoring and threat response but does not directly enforce identity-based access policies. Option D, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, secures endpoints but does not manage access to cloud applications.

Entra ID also includes identity governance features such as access reviews, entitlement management, and privileged identity management (PIM). Access reviews allow organizations to periodically verify that users have appropriate access to applications and resources. Entitlement management automates the process of granting and revoking access based on user roles and organizational policies. PIM ensures that users with elevated privileges can be granted temporary administrative access, reducing the risk associated with permanent high-level permissions.

Integration with Microsoft 365 and other SaaS applications ensures seamless identity and access management across the enterprise. Organizations can synchronize on-premises directories with Entra ID, enabling hybrid identity management and single sign-on (SSO) across multiple systems. SSO enhances productivity by reducing the need for multiple credentials while improving security by centralizing authentication and monitoring.

Risk-based conditional access in Entra ID leverages signals such as user behavior, device compliance, location, sign-in risk, and application sensitivity. By analyzing these signals, Entra ID can enforce adaptive policies that respond dynamically to potential threats. For example, if a user’s account exhibits unusual activity, conditional access can automatically block access or require additional verification, providing real-time protection against account compromise.

Administrators can create granular policies tailored to specific departments, user groups, applications, and risk profiles. This flexibility ensures that security measures align with business needs, minimizing disruption while enforcing robust security. Additionally, Entra ID provides detailed logs and reporting for auditing access attempts, policy enforcement, and security incidents, supporting compliance with regulatory frameworks such as GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO standards.

By implementing Microsoft Entra ID with conditional access policies, organizations can achieve a secure identity framework that enforces strong authentication, monitors access risk, integrates seamlessly with cloud applications, and aligns with SC-900 objectives of identity protection, access management, and adaptive security in cloud environments.

Question 221

A company wants to detect and respond to phishing attacks in email and collaboration tools. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Defender for Office 365
B) Microsoft Sentinel
C) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
D) Microsoft Entra ID

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Defender for Office 365 is a cloud-based email and collaboration security solution designed to protect organizations from phishing attacks, malware, business email compromise, and other advanced threats targeting email, Teams, SharePoint, and OneDrive. Within SC-900, this service demonstrates how organizations secure communication channels and prevent credential theft and malware propagation.

Defender for Office 365 uses multiple layers of protection, including anti-phishing, anti-malware, and safe links/safe attachments. Anti-phishing capabilities leverage machine learning models, impersonation detection, and heuristics to identify and block phishing emails targeting employees. The platform analyzes email headers, content, URLs, and attachments, comparing them against known threat intelligence to prevent malicious messages from reaching users’ inboxes.

Option B, Microsoft Sentinel, focuses on monitoring and responding to security incidents across systems but does not provide specialized phishing protection. Option C, Microsoft Purview Information Protection, secures sensitive data but does not address email phishing attacks. Option D, Microsoft Entra ID, secures identities but does not analyze or prevent phishing in communication tools.

Safe Links and Safe Attachments provide dynamic protection by scanning URLs and attachments in real time. Safe Links rewrites potentially malicious URLs in emails and documents, verifying them at the time of click to block access to unsafe destinations. Safe Attachments examines incoming files in a virtual environment, detecting malware before it reaches the user. These capabilities reduce the risk of infection and credential compromise from targeted attacks.

Defender for Office 365 also supports attack simulation training. Organizations can run simulated phishing campaigns to test user awareness, reinforce training, and measure susceptibility to social engineering attacks. This proactive approach strengthens the human element of security, reducing the likelihood of successful phishing attacks.

Integration with Microsoft 365 Defender enables correlation of email threats with endpoint and identity signals. If a user clicks a malicious link, Defender for Office 365 can alert Defender for Endpoint to contain compromised devices, and signals can be forwarded to Microsoft Sentinel for broader incident investigation. This integration provides a holistic defense against multi-vector attacks, linking identity, endpoint, and communication security.

Administrators can configure policies to automatically remediate threats, including quarantining emails, removing malicious content, notifying users, and generating reports for auditing. Reporting and analytics dashboards provide insights into threat trends, user susceptibility, and attack sources, enabling continuous improvement of protection measures.

By deploying Microsoft Defender for Office 365, organizations protect email and collaboration environments from phishing, malware, and advanced attacks. Its capabilities for detection, investigation, remediation, user training, and integration with other security services align directly with SC-900 objectives for communication security, threat detection, and proactive defense.

Question 222

A company wants to discover and classify sensitive data in cloud and on-premises environments. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
B) Microsoft Sentinel
C) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
D) Microsoft Entra ID

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention (DLP) is a service that helps organizations discover, monitor, and protect sensitive information across cloud services, on-premises repositories, and endpoints. In SC-900, DLP is a key tool for implementing data governance, regulatory compliance, and security policies that prevent the accidental or intentional exposure of sensitive data.

DLP policies in Microsoft Purview allow organizations to identify sensitive content such as personally identifiable information (PII), financial data, intellectual property, or health records. These policies use pre-defined sensitive information types, keywords, patterns, and regular expressions to classify and detect sensitive data across emails, documents, Teams messages, SharePoint, OneDrive, and other repositories.

Option B, Microsoft Sentinel, focuses on security monitoring and incident response but does not perform content classification or enforce data protection policies. Option C, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, secures endpoints but does not enforce DLP across data stores. Option D, Microsoft Entra ID, manages identities and access but does not discover or classify sensitive information.

DLP actions can be configured to block, restrict, or notify users when they attempt to share sensitive data in violation of organizational policies. For example, sending a document containing social security numbers outside the organization can trigger a policy that automatically blocks the transmission, applies encryption, or notifies the user of the policy violation. These measures ensure that sensitive data remains protected even as it moves across users, devices, and locations.

Purview DLP integrates with Microsoft Purview Information Protection to leverage sensitivity labels. Labels applied to content can drive DLP enforcement, ensuring consistent protection based on classification. This integration allows automated policy application, reducing reliance on manual intervention and minimizing human error in handling sensitive data.

The platform provides detailed audit logs and reporting capabilities. Administrators can track incidents, policy violations, and user actions, enabling compliance with regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, or industry-specific standards. Reports can also identify risky behavior patterns and provide insights for improving awareness and policies.

Advanced DLP features include endpoint DLP, which extends protection to local files on devices, even when disconnected from the cloud. Policies can monitor file activity, block unsafe transfers, and enforce controls without impeding user productivity. Cloud DLP capabilities allow monitoring across SaaS applications, email, and collaboration tools, ensuring consistent protection regardless of where sensitive data resides.

By implementing Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention, organizations achieve comprehensive data discovery, classification, monitoring, and protection. It enforces policies to prevent unauthorized sharing, integrates with information protection labeling, supports auditing, and helps maintain regulatory compliance. These capabilities align directly with SC-900 objectives for data governance, information security, and proactive risk management.

Question 223

A company wants to monitor security events across on-premises and cloud environments and respond to incidents automatically. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Sentinel
B) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
C) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
D) Microsoft Entra ID

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Sentinel is Microsoft’s cloud-native Security Information and Event Management (SIEM) and Security Orchestration Automated Response (SOAR) solution. It is designed to provide comprehensive visibility into security events across both cloud and on-premises environments, correlating alerts, detecting threats, and enabling automated responses. Within the SC-900 framework, Sentinel exemplifies how organizations implement proactive monitoring and response strategies to secure their information systems.

Sentinel collects and analyzes security data from multiple sources, including Microsoft 365, Azure, on-premises servers, network devices, and third-party security solutions. By ingesting this data, Sentinel can identify anomalous patterns, potential attacks, and security incidents that may otherwise go unnoticed. The platform employs built-in analytics rules, machine learning models, and threat intelligence feeds to detect complex threats like account compromise, lateral movement, ransomware, and advanced persistent threats.

Option B, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, focuses on securing endpoints by detecting, investigating, and responding to threats at the device level but does not provide centralized SIEM capabilities. Option C, Microsoft Purview Information Protection, focuses on discovering and classifying sensitive data but does not monitor or respond to security events. Option D, Microsoft Entra ID, provides identity and access management capabilities but does not correlate or respond to events across multiple environments.

Sentinel integrates with Microsoft’s broader security ecosystem, including Defender for Endpoint, Defender for Office 365, and cloud apps, allowing it to correlate alerts across identity, endpoint, network, and data layers. This integrated approach enables analysts to gain a holistic view of the threat landscape, trace attack paths, and prioritize responses effectively.

One of the key features of Sentinel is its automated response capabilities using playbooks built on Azure Logic Apps. Playbooks can automate repetitive tasks such as isolating a compromised device, blocking suspicious accounts, sending alerts to the security team, or creating tickets in IT service management tools. Automation reduces response time, limits human error, and ensures that security incidents are handled consistently and efficiently.

Sentinel also provides advanced hunting capabilities, allowing security teams to proactively search for threats using custom queries. Security analysts can examine logs, investigate suspicious activities, and identify emerging threats before they escalate into major incidents. The platform also supports dashboards and reporting for compliance, risk assessment, and operational insights, which helps organizations maintain visibility into their security posture.

With the ability to correlate events from multiple sources, apply advanced analytics, leverage threat intelligence, and orchestrate automated responses, Microsoft Sentinel enables organizations to implement a proactive, scalable, and adaptive security strategy that aligns directly with SC-900 principles. It ensures continuous monitoring, detection, investigation, and mitigation of threats across hybrid environments.

Question 224

A company wants to ensure that only authorized users can access sensitive applications and requires multi-factor authentication for high-risk sign-ins. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Entra ID
B) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Defender for Office 365

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Entra ID is the cornerstone for identity and access management in Microsoft’s cloud ecosystem. Within SC-900, Entra ID provides the capabilities needed to enforce secure access policies, implement authentication mechanisms, and protect identities against unauthorized access. Conditional access and multi-factor authentication (MFA) are essential components for safeguarding sensitive applications and ensuring that users meet security requirements before gaining access.

Conditional access in Entra ID enables organizations to define policies based on user roles, device compliance, network location, application sensitivity, and risk signals. High-risk sign-ins can be automatically blocked or challenged with MFA to ensure that only legitimate users gain access. This adaptive security approach balances usability with protection, preventing unauthorized access while minimizing disruption for legitimate users.

Option B, Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention, focuses on discovering and protecting sensitive data, not on controlling access or enforcing MFA. Option C, Microsoft Sentinel, monitors security events but does not enforce authentication policies. Option D, Microsoft Defender for Office 365, secures communication channels but does not provide access management capabilities.

Entra ID supports multiple authentication methods, including passwords, phone verification, FIDO2 security keys, Windows Hello for Business, and certificate-based authentication. Organizations can configure MFA requirements dynamically based on risk assessment. For example, a user signing in from an unfamiliar location or device may be required to complete MFA, while sign-ins from trusted devices or locations may not trigger additional verification.

Integration with Microsoft 365 applications, Azure services, and third-party applications allows Entra ID to enforce access policies consistently across the organization. Single sign-on (SSO) enables users to authenticate once and access multiple applications, improving productivity while maintaining strong security controls.

Entra ID also provides identity governance features such as privileged identity management (PIM), access reviews, and entitlement management. PIM ensures that administrative privileges are granted only when needed and can be time-bound, reducing the risk of permanent high-level access. Access reviews allow organizations to periodically validate that users’ permissions align with business requirements, helping to prevent privilege creep.

By leveraging Entra ID with conditional access and MFA, organizations can implement a robust identity security strategy. This ensures that sensitive applications are accessible only to authorized users, that high-risk scenarios are mitigated through additional verification, and that identity-related threats are continuously monitored and managed. These capabilities directly support SC-900 objectives for identity protection, secure access, and adaptive security measures.

Question 225

A company wants to classify sensitive data in emails, documents, and collaboration tools to comply with regulatory requirements. Which SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
B) Microsoft Sentinel
C) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
D) Microsoft Entra ID

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation

Microsoft Purview Information Protection is designed to classify, label, and protect sensitive data across Microsoft 365 services, cloud applications, and on-premises repositories. In SC-900, this service provides organizations with the ability to identify and secure sensitive information such as financial records, personally identifiable information (PII), health data, and intellectual property. The goal is to prevent accidental or unauthorized sharing while maintaining compliance with regulatory standards.

Purview Information Protection enables organizations to create sensitivity labels that define the classification and protection requirements for specific types of data. Labels can be applied manually by users or automatically based on content inspection, such as keywords, patterns, or regular expressions. For example, a document containing credit card numbers or social security numbers can be automatically labeled as confidential and encrypted to prevent unauthorized access.

Option B, Microsoft Sentinel, focuses on security monitoring and incident response but does not classify or protect data. Option C, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, secures devices against threats but does not provide content classification or labeling. Option D, Microsoft Entra ID, manages identities and access but does not handle data classification or labeling.

Purview Information Protection integrates with Data Loss Prevention (DLP) to enforce policies based on classification labels. For instance, a file labeled as “Highly Confidential” may trigger a DLP policy that blocks sharing with external users, applies encryption, or alerts administrators. This ensures that data protection is consistent and automated across platforms and user actions.

The solution also supports auditing and reporting, which is crucial for compliance with regulations such as GDPR, HIPAA, ISO 27001, and industry-specific requirements. Administrators can generate reports on label usage, policy enforcement, and user actions, providing transparency and accountability.

Information Protection capabilities extend to emails, documents, Teams messages, SharePoint, and OneDrive, ensuring consistent labeling and protection across collaboration tools. Integration with endpoint protection allows organizations to enforce label-based restrictions locally on devices, preventing unauthorized transfers even outside the corporate network.

By implementing Microsoft Purview Information Protection, organizations achieve a structured approach to sensitive data management, enabling automatic classification, labeling, policy enforcement, and compliance monitoring. This aligns directly with SC-900 objectives for information security, regulatory compliance, and proactive data governance.