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Question 31:

A company wants to implement a solution to monitor and control third-party cloud applications used by employees. They want visibility into user activity, the ability to detect risky behavior, and the enforcement of session controls for sensitive apps. Which Microsoft SC-900 solution should they implement?

A) Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps
B) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps, previously known as Microsoft Cloud App Security, is a cloud access security broker (CASB) solution designed to provide organizations with visibility and control over cloud applications used by employees. In this scenario, the company needs to monitor third-party cloud apps, detect risky behavior, and enforce session controls for sensitive applications. Defender for Cloud Apps fulfills these requirements comprehensively, making it the correct solution.

One of the primary capabilities of Defender for Cloud Apps is discovery. It identifies cloud applications in use across the organization, including sanctioned and unsanctioned apps. This discovery process leverages log collection from firewalls and proxies to determine what apps are being accessed, who is accessing them, and the volume of activity. By creating an inventory of cloud applications, organizations gain visibility into shadow IT and can evaluate risk levels based on app compliance, security posture, and usage patterns.

Risk detection is another key feature. Defender for Cloud Apps applies machine learning and behavioral analytics to detect unusual or suspicious activities, such as massive file downloads, logins from unusual locations, or unexpected sharing of sensitive data. These alerts allow administrators to respond to threats proactively, reducing the likelihood of data breaches or non-compliant usage. For instance, if a user uploads sensitive files to an unapproved app, the system can trigger an alert or initiate automated protective actions.

Session controls are a distinguishing feature of Defender for Cloud Apps. These controls allow real-time intervention during user sessions to enforce security policies. Examples include blocking downloads, restricting copy/paste, preventing print actions, and requiring multifactor authentication for risky actions. By applying these session-level controls, organizations can ensure sensitive information is protected even when accessed from unmanaged devices or untrusted networks.

Option B, Microsoft Entra Conditional Access, focuses on controlling access based on identity risk, device compliance, location, and other contextual signals. While it integrates with Defender for Cloud Apps for access policies, it does not provide detailed visibility into third-party cloud application usage or session-level enforcement.

Option C, Microsoft Purview Information Protection, focuses on classifying and labeling sensitive data, applying encryption, and protecting content. While critical for data protection, it does not monitor third-party cloud application activity or enforce session-based controls.

Option D, Microsoft Sentinel, is a SIEM/SOAR platform used to aggregate logs, detect threats, and orchestrate automated responses. Sentinel is valuable for centralized security monitoring but does not enforce session-level controls or provide real-time activity monitoring for cloud applications.

By implementing Defender for Cloud Apps, organizations gain a robust platform for cloud application visibility, risk detection, and real-time protection. Integration with Conditional Access policies enables additional security measures for high-risk activities, aligning with a Zero Trust security model. Detailed reporting and auditing support regulatory compliance and provide actionable insights for security teams. Defender for Cloud Apps also allows the creation of policies to monitor sensitive content, enforce activity controls, and automatically remediate non-compliant actions, ensuring that critical data remains secure while employees maintain productivity.

The combination of discovery, risk detection, and session controls makes Defender for Cloud Apps the most suitable solution for organizations seeking to manage third-party cloud applications securely. It addresses both visibility and control requirements, protects sensitive data, and integrates seamlessly with the broader Microsoft security ecosystem.

Question 32:

A company wants to enforce multifactor authentication for users accessing critical applications from outside trusted networks. They want to evaluate device compliance, user risk, and location before granting access. Which Microsoft SC-900 solution should they implement?

A) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
B) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
C) Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Entra Conditional Access is specifically designed to enforce access policies based on risk evaluation, device compliance, location, and other contextual signals. The scenario describes a requirement to apply multifactor authentication for users accessing critical applications from outside trusted networks while considering device compliance, user risk, and location. Conditional Access is the correct solution for these requirements because it provides real-time adaptive access controls based on multiple conditions.

Conditional Access policies are highly configurable. Administrators can define policies that require MFA for specific applications or for users accessing resources from untrusted networks. Policies can also enforce restrictions based on device compliance, ensuring that only devices meeting organizational security standards can access sensitive data. This includes devices enrolled in Intune, compliant with security baseline configurations, and protected with updated antivirus and patching policies.

User risk evaluation integrates with Microsoft Entra Identity Protection. Identity Protection monitors sign-in activity, evaluates anomalies such as impossible travel, and assesses the likelihood of compromised credentials. Conditional Access policies can then trigger adaptive responses, such as MFA, session restriction, or blocking access for high-risk users. This adaptive approach helps balance security with productivity, providing stronger protection against credential compromise while minimizing friction for low-risk users.

Option B, Microsoft Purview Information Protection, focuses on classifying, labeling, and protecting sensitive data, but it does not enforce access policies or evaluate sign-in risk in real time.

Option C, Microsoft Defender for Cloud Apps, provides visibility and session control for cloud applications but does not evaluate device compliance and user risk as part of access enforcement policies.

Option D, Microsoft Sentinel, aggregates security logs and provides monitoring and automated response, but it does not enforce real-time access restrictions based on device compliance or user risk.

Conditional Access also supports integrating with third-party identity providers and multifactor authentication solutions, providing flexibility to implement enterprise-grade security policies. For example, access attempts from unknown locations can be blocked or require MFA verification, while trusted corporate devices on the internal network may bypass additional verification.

Monitoring and reporting capabilities in Conditional Access allow administrators to evaluate policy effectiveness, track risky sign-ins, and identify trends in user behavior. This data supports continuous improvement of access controls and ensures regulatory compliance. Administrators can generate reports showing which users triggered MFA challenges, which access attempts were blocked, and the effectiveness of device compliance enforcement, providing complete visibility and accountability.

By implementing Microsoft Entra Conditional Access, organizations gain a centralized, adaptive, and policy-driven approach to secure access. It enables risk-based decisions, integrates with MFA, considers device compliance and location, and protects sensitive resources, making it the correct solution for this scenario.

Question 33:

A company needs to classify emails and documents based on sensitivity, enforce encryption for confidential content, and monitor usage patterns for compliance reporting. They also want automatic labeling for certain data types like credit card numbers and social security numbers. Which Microsoft SC-900 solution should they implement?

A) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
B) Microsoft Sentinel
C) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Purview Information Protection is the ideal solution for organizations seeking to classify emails and documents, enforce encryption, and apply automatic labeling for sensitive data types. The scenario outlines requirements such as automatic classification based on data types like credit card numbers and social security numbers, encryption for confidential content, and usage monitoring for compliance reporting. These functionalities are core features of Purview Information Protection, making it the correct choice.

Purview Information Protection provides a comprehensive framework to protect sensitive information throughout its lifecycle. Classification and labeling are the foundation. Labels can be applied automatically using content inspection, keywords, pattern matching, or AI-based trainable classifiers. For example, documents containing social security numbers can automatically receive a “Highly Confidential” label, triggering protection policies such as encryption, access restrictions, and visual markings. Manual labeling allows users to apply labels during document creation or editing, giving them the ability to flag sensitive content as needed.

Encryption is enforced through Microsoft Information Protection policies. When a document or email is labeled as sensitive, encryption ensures that only authorized users can access the content. Encryption works seamlessly across Microsoft 365 applications, including Outlook, SharePoint, OneDrive, and Teams. For example, emails labeled as confidential are automatically encrypted, preventing unauthorized recipients from reading the content, even if forwarded outside the organization.

Monitoring and reporting are essential for regulatory compliance. Purview Information Protection generates detailed logs showing which labels were applied, by whom, when they were applied, and how the content was used. These reports allow administrators to verify compliance with internal policies and external regulations, including GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI DSS. Insights into labeling trends and user behavior help identify areas of risk and improve training and policy enforcement.

Option B, Microsoft Sentinel, focuses on security monitoring, threat detection, and automated incident response. While valuable for threat management, it does not classify or protect sensitive content directly.

Option C, Microsoft Entra Conditional Access, enforces access policies based on identity risk, device compliance, and location. It does not automatically classify or encrypt sensitive content.

Option D, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, protects endpoints from malware, ransomware, and advanced threats but does not provide data classification, labeling, or automatic encryption.

Purview Information Protection integrates with other Microsoft security solutions for a holistic approach. For example, integration with Defender for Cloud Apps allows policy enforcement when sensitive content is accessed via cloud applications. Integration with Intune ensures that devices accessing sensitive content meet compliance requirements. Together, these integrations provide end-to-end protection for sensitive information across platforms and devices.

By implementing Purview Information Protection, organizations can automatically classify and label emails and documents, enforce encryption, monitor usage, and generate compliance reports. Automatic labeling for data types such as credit card numbers or social security numbers reduces human error, ensures consistent application of policies, and strengthens the organization’s overall data protection posture. This makes it the correct solution for the scenario described.

Question 34:

A company wants to ensure that only compliant devices can access corporate resources. They want to evaluate device health, operating system updates, and security policies before granting access. Which Microsoft SC-900 solution should they implement?

A) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
B) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
C) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Entra Conditional Access is a cornerstone of Microsoft’s identity and access management strategy, especially for enforcing Zero Trust security principles. The scenario requires that only compliant devices can access corporate resources. Compliance evaluation involves checking device health, OS updates, security configurations, and policy adherence. Conditional Access is uniquely capable of integrating these device signals with real-time access decisions, making it the correct solution for this scenario.

Conditional Access policies allow administrators to define granular rules that determine how and when users can access corporate resources. Policies can consider multiple conditions, including user location, device platform, compliance status, and risk level. Devices enrolled in Microsoft Intune are evaluated for compliance, which can include antivirus status, encryption enforcement, password policies, and update levels. Devices failing these checks can be blocked, restricted, or forced to remediate before access is granted.

Option B, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, focuses on detecting and responding to endpoint threats such as malware, ransomware, and exploits. While it provides insights into device security posture, it does not directly enforce access restrictions based on compliance. However, Defender for Endpoint can integrate with Conditional Access to supply device health information, forming a complementary solution.

Option C, Microsoft Purview Information Protection, deals with classifying and protecting sensitive data but does not manage device compliance or enforce access restrictions.

Option D, Microsoft Sentinel, aggregates logs, monitors threats, and automates responses but does not evaluate device compliance in real time for access decisions.

Conditional Access can enforce policies based on signals received from Intune, enabling risk-adaptive access. For example, if a device is non-compliant because a critical OS update is missing, access can be blocked until the device is updated. This real-time enforcement helps mitigate risks associated with compromised or vulnerable devices attempting to access sensitive resources.

Reporting and audit capabilities are also central to Conditional Access. Administrators can generate reports on successful and failed access attempts, policy impact, and device compliance trends. This data helps organizations identify gaps, adjust policies, and maintain compliance with industry regulations.

By integrating Conditional Access with Intune and other identity protection tools, organizations can enforce a Zero Trust model, ensuring that only verified and compliant devices can access corporate resources. This reduces the likelihood of security breaches and protects sensitive organizational data, making Microsoft Entra Conditional Access the ideal solution.

Question 35:

An organization wants to prevent accidental sharing of sensitive information such as customer PII or financial records via email or cloud storage. They want automatic detection, labeling, and protection policies. Which Microsoft SC-900 solution should they implement?

A) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
B) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention (DLP) provides organizations with the ability to detect, monitor, and protect sensitive information across Microsoft 365 services. The scenario describes requirements for preventing accidental sharing of sensitive data, automatic detection, labeling, and enforcement of protection policies. DLP aligns directly with these requirements, making it the correct solution.

DLP works by scanning content in emails, documents, SharePoint, OneDrive, and Teams. It uses predefined or custom sensitive information types to automatically identify PII, financial data, or other confidential information. When sensitive content is detected, DLP policies can automatically apply labels, restrict sharing, or block the transfer of content. This ensures that sensitive information does not leave the organization accidentally or intentionally without proper authorization.

Option B, Microsoft Entra Conditional Access, enforces access policies based on identity risk and device compliance but does not inspect or protect content at the data level.

Option C, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, protects devices from malware and threats but does not manage sensitive data classification or sharing.

Option D, Microsoft Sentinel, provides SIEM/SOAR capabilities for threat detection and response but does not offer automated protection or labeling of sensitive data.

DLP policies are highly configurable and can trigger alerts, block actions, or encrypt content. For example, if a user attempts to email a file containing credit card information to an external recipient, DLP can block the email or require justification for sending. Policies can also enforce encryption automatically to protect data while in transit.

Reporting capabilities provide detailed insights into policy effectiveness, user behavior, and potential data exfiltration incidents. Administrators can track trends, monitor compliance, and make adjustments to policies to reduce risk. Integration with Microsoft Purview Information Protection enhances DLP by applying sensitivity labels automatically, creating end-to-end data protection across Microsoft 365.

By implementing Purview DLP, organizations reduce the risk of accidental or unauthorized data sharing, enforce data protection policies automatically, and maintain regulatory compliance. DLP ensures that sensitive information is monitored and protected across email, cloud storage, and collaboration tools, making it the most appropriate solution for this scenario.

Question 36:

A company wants to detect and respond to unusual user behavior, such as multiple failed logins, impossible travel events, and suspicious sign-ins. They want to centralize monitoring, alerting, and automated remediation. Which Microsoft SC-900 solution should they implement?

A) Microsoft Sentinel
B) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
C) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native SIEM/SOAR platform designed to provide centralized monitoring, threat detection, alerting, and automated response. The scenario requires detection of unusual user behavior, centralization of alerts, and automated remediation for security incidents. Sentinel is the correct solution because it provides comprehensive visibility and response capabilities across Microsoft 365, Azure, and third-party systems.

Sentinel aggregates logs from multiple sources, including Azure AD sign-ins, firewall logs, cloud applications, and endpoint telemetry. Using built-in analytics and AI-driven behavior analysis, Sentinel detects anomalous activities such as impossible travel, multiple failed login attempts, or unusual file downloads. When such anomalies are identified, Sentinel generates alerts that are prioritized by severity, enabling security teams to focus on the most critical incidents first.

Option B, Microsoft Purview Information Protection, focuses on classifying and protecting sensitive information but does not provide centralized monitoring or threat detection for unusual user behavior.

Option C, Microsoft Entra Conditional Access, can block access or enforce MFA in response to high-risk sign-ins but does not provide centralized monitoring, correlation of events, or automated incident response.

Option D, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, provides device-level threat detection but does not correlate activities across identities, applications, and cloud services.

Sentinel also supports automation through playbooks using Microsoft Logic Apps. For example, when Sentinel detects multiple failed login attempts from a suspicious IP, it can automatically trigger actions such as locking the account, notifying administrators, or enforcing MFA. This reduces response time, limits potential damage, and improves security posture.

Advanced reporting capabilities in Sentinel provide detailed insights into security events, trends, and incident resolution. Security teams can create dashboards to track the number of anomalous sign-ins, successful and blocked access attempts, and overall user risk levels. This supports compliance reporting and continuous improvement of security strategies.

Integration with other Microsoft security services enhances Sentinel’s effectiveness. For instance, integration with Defender for Cloud Apps allows monitoring of cloud app activity, while integration with Conditional Access enables enforcement of risk-based access policies. Sentinel acts as the central platform where all these signals converge, providing a holistic view of organizational security.

By implementing Microsoft Sentinel, organizations can detect unusual user behavior, centralize alerts, automate responses, and maintain comprehensive security monitoring across their environment. Sentinel’s capabilities in analytics, automation, and integration make it the optimal solution for proactive security management and rapid response to potential threats, fulfilling the scenario requirements completely.

Question 37:

A company wants to monitor and protect sensitive data stored in SharePoint Online and OneDrive. They need to classify data, apply encryption, and generate alerts when users share sensitive content externally. Which Microsoft SC-900 solution should they implement?

A) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
B) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Purview Information Protection (MIP) is a robust solution designed to classify, label, and protect sensitive information across Microsoft 365 services. In this scenario, the company needs to monitor data in SharePoint Online and OneDrive, apply classification and encryption, and generate alerts when sensitive content is shared externally. MIP fulfills all these requirements effectively.

Classification and labeling are central to MIP. Labels can be applied manually, automatically, or based on recommended policies. Automatic labeling leverages content inspection, pattern matching, and AI-based trainable classifiers to detect sensitive information such as personally identifiable information (PII), financial data, intellectual property, or health records. When sensitive data is detected, labels can trigger protective actions such as encryption, access restrictions, and visual markings, ensuring compliance and data security.

Encryption ensures that only authorized users can access sensitive content. MIP integrates with Microsoft 365 encryption technologies to secure files and emails. For example, documents labeled as “Highly Confidential” can be encrypted automatically, preventing unauthorized external access. This mechanism ensures that even if files are accidentally shared outside the organization, unauthorized recipients cannot read the content.

Monitoring and alerts are another key feature. MIP integrates with Data Loss Prevention (DLP) policies to generate alerts when sensitive content is shared externally or accessed by unauthorized users. Administrators receive actionable insights that allow them to respond quickly to potential compliance violations or data exfiltration attempts. Detailed audit logs provide visibility into who accessed the content, what actions were performed, and whether any policy violations occurred.

Option B, Microsoft Entra Conditional Access, controls access based on user identity, device compliance, and contextual signals but does not classify or encrypt content. It can complement MIP by enforcing access policies for sensitive data but cannot independently fulfill the classification and protection requirements described in the scenario.

Option C, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, focuses on protecting devices against malware, ransomware, and exploits. While it can detect threats on endpoints, it does not classify, label, or encrypt data in SharePoint or OneDrive.

Option D, Microsoft Sentinel, provides SIEM and SOAR capabilities, including threat monitoring, alerting, and automated response, but it does not classify or protect sensitive content directly.

Integration between MIP and DLP provides end-to-end protection. For instance, a DLP policy can monitor document activity in SharePoint and OneDrive and trigger automatic labeling, encryption, or access restriction when sensitive data is detected. This combined approach ensures that sensitive content is protected from unauthorized access, while the organization maintains compliance with regulations like GDPR, HIPAA, and PCI DSS.

Reporting and compliance dashboards within MIP allow administrators to assess the effectiveness of data protection policies, identify risky behavior, and make policy adjustments as needed. These insights also support audit requirements, demonstrating to regulatory bodies that sensitive information is being actively monitored and protected.

By implementing Microsoft Purview Information Protection, the organization gains comprehensive capabilities to classify, label, encrypt, and monitor sensitive data across cloud storage platforms, fulfilling the requirements of the scenario effectively. MIP ensures that sensitive information is protected, monitored, and compliant, making it the correct solution.

Question 38:

A company wants to automatically detect and respond to risky user sign-ins, such as those from unfamiliar locations, anonymous IPs, or compromised credentials. They want to enforce MFA or block access based on real-time risk assessment. Which Microsoft SC-900 solution should they implement?

A) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
B) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
C) Microsoft Sentinel
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Entra Conditional Access is the solution designed to enforce adaptive access controls based on risk assessment, user behavior, and device compliance. In this scenario, the company wants to automatically detect risky sign-ins and enforce actions such as MFA or access blocking in real time. Conditional Access, integrated with Microsoft Entra Identity Protection, provides precisely these capabilities.

Identity Protection evaluates user sign-ins for potential risks. Risk detection methods include impossible travel, anonymous IP addresses, leaked credentials, and atypical sign-in locations. Each sign-in attempt is assigned a risk level based on these factors. Conditional Access policies can then respond dynamically, requiring multifactor authentication for medium-risk sign-ins, or blocking access entirely for high-risk attempts.

Option B, Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention, monitors and protects sensitive content but does not enforce access decisions based on real-time sign-in risk.

Option C, Microsoft Sentinel, centralizes security monitoring and incident response but does not actively enforce adaptive access policies during sign-in. Sentinel alerts administrators but does not automatically trigger MFA or block access.

Option D, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, focuses on device-level threat protection and does not evaluate sign-in risk for access enforcement.

Conditional Access allows the creation of granular policies. For instance, a policy could require MFA for users accessing Microsoft 365 from outside a trusted network or from a non-compliant device. When integrated with Identity Protection, policies can adapt based on the calculated user risk score. Risky sign-ins can be blocked or require additional verification without manual intervention, minimizing potential account compromise.

Reporting features provide administrators with visibility into risky sign-ins, blocked attempts, MFA challenges, and policy impact. These insights enable proactive management of identity risks and strengthen the overall security posture. Conditional Access supports integration with other Microsoft security services, including Defender for Cloud Apps, enabling organizations to enforce additional restrictions when risky behavior is detected in cloud applications.

Implementing Conditional Access with Identity Protection enables a dynamic, risk-aware approach to access management. It ensures that access decisions are based on real-time risk assessment, reducing the likelihood of compromised accounts, unauthorized access, and credential misuse. This solution provides organizations with adaptive, automated security enforcement aligned with a Zero Trust model, making it the correct choice for the scenario described.

Question 39:

An organization wants to monitor, detect, and respond to potential insider threats, such as users exfiltrating sensitive files or accessing unauthorized data. They want a solution that aggregates logs, correlates events, and triggers automated alerts and response workflows. Which Microsoft SC-900 solution should they implement?

A) Microsoft Sentinel
B) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native SIEM/SOAR platform capable of aggregating security logs, detecting anomalous behavior, correlating events, and automating responses. Insider threat detection requires centralized monitoring of user activity, analysis of suspicious behavior patterns, and automated alerting and remediation. Sentinel is the appropriate solution because it provides visibility across all logs and integrates with other Microsoft security services to respond effectively to insider threats.

Insider threat detection often involves monitoring abnormal file access, large data downloads, unusual sign-ins, or access to restricted content. Sentinel collects telemetry from Microsoft 365, Azure, endpoint devices, cloud applications, and network infrastructure. AI-driven analytics and anomaly detection identify deviations from normal behavior, such as unusual file movements or multiple failed access attempts. Alerts can be configured to notify security teams or trigger automated playbooks to remediate risky activity, such as revoking access, isolating devices, or notifying managers.

Option B, Microsoft Entra Conditional Access, enforces access policies in real time but does not provide centralized event correlation, insider threat detection, or incident response automation.

Option C, Microsoft Purview Information Protection, focuses on classifying and protecting sensitive data but does not provide centralized monitoring or detection of insider threats.

Option D, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, protects endpoints from malware and threats but does not provide correlation of activity across multiple systems or centralized insider threat monitoring.

Sentinel’s SOAR capabilities allow organizations to create automated response workflows. For example, if a user downloads large volumes of sensitive files and signs in from an unusual location, Sentinel can trigger automated alerts, block access, and initiate an investigation workflow. This reduces response time, ensures consistent enforcement, and mitigates risk associated with insider threats.

Reporting and dashboards in Sentinel provide visibility into detected incidents, trends in risky behavior, and effectiveness of automated responses. Security teams can prioritize incidents, review historical trends, and demonstrate compliance with regulations. Integration with Microsoft Purview and Defender for Cloud Apps enhances detection capabilities by combining content monitoring with user activity analysis.

By implementing Microsoft Sentinel, organizations gain a centralized, intelligent platform to monitor, detect, and respond to insider threats. Its integration, automated response, analytics, and reporting capabilities provide a comprehensive solution to mitigate insider risk, ensuring sensitive data remains secure and policy violations are detected proactively.

Question 40:

A company wants to classify emails and documents containing sensitive information such as social security numbers, credit card data, or proprietary business information. They want automatic labeling and protection to ensure compliance with internal and regulatory requirements. Which Microsoft SC-900 solution should they implement?

A) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
B) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Purview Information Protection (MIP) provides organizations with the capability to classify, label, and protect sensitive data across emails, documents, and other Microsoft 365 content. In this scenario, the organization’s objective is to automatically detect sensitive information such as social security numbers, credit card data, and proprietary business information, and then apply appropriate labels and protective actions to maintain compliance.

Automatic labeling is achieved by configuring sensitivity labels with predefined conditions or using trainable classifiers that leverage AI and pattern recognition. Labels can apply encryption, restrict access, mark content with watermarks, or prevent unauthorized sharing. For example, an email containing a credit card number can automatically be labeled “Confidential – Finance” and encrypted so that only authorized recipients can read it.

Option B, Microsoft Entra Conditional Access, controls access based on identity and device signals but does not classify or protect data content directly. While it can complement MIP by enforcing access restrictions for labeled content, it cannot automatically detect or label sensitive data on its own.

Option C, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, protects devices from threats like malware or ransomware but does not provide classification, labeling, or compliance enforcement for emails and documents.

Option D, Microsoft Sentinel, aggregates security logs and provides threat detection and automated response, but it does not classify or apply protection to sensitive information within content.

Integration between MIP and Data Loss Prevention (DLP) enhances protection by monitoring labeled content and enforcing policies. For instance, if a document labeled as “Highly Confidential” is shared externally, a DLP policy can block the action, send alerts, or encrypt the content further. This integration ensures continuous compliance with internal security standards and regulatory requirements such as GDPR, HIPAA, or PCI DSS.

MIP also allows administrators to generate detailed reports on label usage, access attempts, and policy enforcement, providing insights into potential risks and compliance gaps. This information helps refine labeling policies, train users, and demonstrate regulatory adherence.

By implementing Microsoft Purview Information Protection, the organization gains a comprehensive solution for automated detection, labeling, encryption, and monitoring of sensitive information. This enables consistent protection of critical data across emails, documents, and cloud storage, fulfilling the requirements of the scenario effectively.

Question 41:

A company wants to protect access to sensitive cloud applications by evaluating user risk, device compliance, and location before granting access. They want a solution that can enforce multi-factor authentication or block access when risk is high. Which Microsoft SC-900 solution should they implement?

A) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
B) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
C) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Entra Conditional Access is a key component of Microsoft’s identity and access management strategy, particularly for implementing a Zero Trust security model. The scenario involves protecting sensitive cloud applications by assessing multiple signals, including user risk, device compliance, and location, before granting access. Conditional Access is the solution designed to meet these requirements.

Conditional Access policies allow administrators to define rules based on multiple conditions. For example, a policy can enforce multi-factor authentication (MFA) when a user signs in from an unfamiliar location or from a device that is not compliant with company security policies. In high-risk scenarios, the policy can block access entirely to prevent potential account compromise.

Option B, Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention, focuses on preventing sensitive information from leaving the organization but does not enforce real-time access decisions or adaptive authentication based on risk signals.

Option C, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, protects devices from malware, exploits, and ransomware but does not evaluate access risk or enforce identity-based controls for cloud applications.

Option D, Microsoft Sentinel, provides centralized monitoring, alerting, and automated response for security incidents but does not control access to applications in real time based on risk or device compliance.

By integrating Conditional Access with Microsoft Entra Identity Protection, organizations can leverage risk-based policies that automatically respond to detected threats. For instance, if a user account is flagged as compromised due to leaked credentials, Conditional Access can enforce MFA or block access until the risk is mitigated. This approach minimizes the risk of unauthorized access while maintaining seamless user experience for low-risk scenarios.

Monitoring and reporting features in Conditional Access provide visibility into policy impact, including the number of blocked sign-ins, MFA challenges, and access patterns. These insights allow administrators to adjust policies based on real-world usage and improve overall security posture.

Conditional Access is essential for organizations seeking a dynamic, risk-aware approach to identity management. It enables enforcement of security policies based on real-time risk assessment, ensuring that sensitive applications remain protected while providing a flexible and automated access control framework, making it the correct solution for this scenario.

Question 42:

A company wants to monitor, detect, and respond to security threats across cloud and on-premises environments. They want centralized visibility, automated alerts, and the ability to investigate incidents. Which Microsoft SC-900 solution should they implement?

A) Microsoft Sentinel
B) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
D) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Sentinel is a cloud-native SIEM/SOAR solution that provides centralized monitoring, threat detection, investigation, and automated response across cloud and on-premises environments. The scenario requires the ability to detect security threats, receive automated alerts, investigate incidents, and maintain a centralized view of security events, making Sentinel the correct solution.

Sentinel aggregates security logs from multiple sources, including Azure AD, Microsoft 365, endpoints, firewalls, and third-party applications. By leveraging AI-driven analytics and anomaly detection, it identifies potential threats such as unusual sign-ins, lateral movement, data exfiltration attempts, or malware infections. Alerts are generated in real time and can be prioritized by severity to ensure that security teams focus on the most critical incidents first.

Option B, Microsoft Entra Conditional Access, enforces access policies based on identity and device signals but does not provide centralized monitoring, incident investigation, or automated threat response.

Option C, Microsoft Purview Information Protection, classifies and protects sensitive data but does not monitor security events or detect threats.

Option D, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, protects endpoints from malware and exploits but does not provide centralized correlation of events across cloud and on-premises systems.

Sentinel’s automation capabilities, powered by playbooks using Microsoft Logic Apps, enable rapid response to detected threats. For example, if a user attempts to exfiltrate sensitive data or a device is compromised, Sentinel can automatically isolate the device, revoke access, and trigger incident investigations. This reduces response time, mitigates risk, and ensures consistent enforcement of security policies.

Dashboards and reports provide actionable insights into security incidents, trends, and policy effectiveness. Security teams can track the number of incidents detected, time to resolution, and the effectiveness of automated responses, supporting compliance reporting and continuous improvement of the organization’s security posture.

Integration with other Microsoft security services, such as Defender for Cloud Apps and Purview, enhances Sentinel’s visibility and detection capabilities. By combining telemetry from multiple sources, Sentinel enables organizations to maintain a holistic, proactive approach to cybersecurity.

Implementing Microsoft Sentinel ensures that organizations can monitor, detect, and respond to security threats across all environments. Its centralized visibility, analytics, and automated response capabilities fulfill the scenario’s requirements and provide a comprehensive solution for modern security operations.

Question 43:

A company wants to implement a solution that provides security insights, identifies potential threats, and recommends improvements to secure identities, data, apps, and devices. Which Microsoft SC-900 service should they use?

A) Microsoft Secure Score
B) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Secure Score is a comprehensive tool designed to provide organizations with actionable insights into their security posture across Microsoft 365, Azure, and hybrid environments. Its primary goal is to help organizations understand how secure their identities, data, applications, and devices are and provide recommendations to improve overall security.

In this scenario, the company wants visibility into potential risks and actionable suggestions for remediation. Secure Score evaluates multiple areas, including identity protection, device management, data classification, and threat protection. It continuously monitors an organization’s security configurations, user behaviors, and compliance with recommended best practices.

Secure Score works by analyzing existing settings and usage patterns across Microsoft services, calculating a numerical score that reflects the organization’s security posture. Each security recommendation corresponds to an actionable step that can increase the score. For example, recommendations may include enabling multi-factor authentication for all users, applying sensitivity labels to important documents, configuring Conditional Access policies, or ensuring devices are compliant with Intune policies.

Option B, Microsoft Entra Conditional Access, focuses specifically on controlling access to applications based on identity, device, and risk signals. While Conditional Access contributes to Secure Score by implementing access controls, it does not provide a holistic assessment of security across identities, data, apps, and devices. It is a component of the broader identity security framework, not a tool for scoring and recommendation.

Option C, Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention, is focused on protecting sensitive data and preventing accidental or unauthorized sharing of information. While DLP contributes to data security, it does not provide a comprehensive security assessment or actionable recommendations across the broader Microsoft ecosystem.

Option D, Microsoft Sentinel, aggregates security data, identifies threats, and automates responses, but its scope is primarily in monitoring and incident management. It provides operational security intelligence rather than a consolidated security score with recommendations for improvement.

Secure Score is particularly useful for executives, security administrators, and compliance officers who need a clear, quantifiable view of security posture and a roadmap for improvement. It supports regulatory compliance by demonstrating that organizations are actively monitoring and improving their security measures, which is crucial for frameworks like GDPR, ISO 27001, and NIST.

Organizations can track progress over time by monitoring Secure Score trends and assessing the impact of implementing recommendations. Secure Score also integrates with Microsoft Graph APIs, allowing custom reporting and automated workflows for remediation.

By adopting Microsoft Secure Score, organizations achieve continuous visibility into their security landscape, prioritize security actions effectively, and strengthen their defense mechanisms across identities, data, applications, and devices. This makes it the most suitable solution for the scenario described.

Question 44:

A company wants to monitor user activity and detect risky sign-ins, leaked credentials, or anomalous behavior in cloud applications. They want a solution that helps protect identities and provide risk-based conditional access. Which Microsoft SC-900 service should they implement?

A) Microsoft Entra Identity Protection
B) Microsoft Purview Information Protection
C) Microsoft Defender for Endpoint
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Entra Identity Protection is a cloud-based service designed to protect identities by detecting potential security risks, providing risk assessment, and enabling automated or policy-driven responses. In this scenario, the company needs to monitor user activity for risky sign-ins, leaked credentials, and anomalous behavior while also enforcing risk-based conditional access, making Identity Protection the correct solution.

Entra Identity Protection analyzes signals such as unusual sign-in locations, impossible travel scenarios, unfamiliar device usage, and credential leaks. When a risky event is detected, the system assigns a risk level to the user or sign-in event. Administrators can configure Conditional Access policies to require multi-factor authentication, block access, or trigger other remediation steps based on the risk level.

Option B, Microsoft Purview Information Protection, is focused on classifying and protecting sensitive data, rather than monitoring user behaviors or detecting identity risks. While it complements identity security, it does not provide risk-based monitoring or access enforcement.

Option C, Microsoft Defender for Endpoint, provides endpoint threat detection and response capabilities. It monitors device health, malware, and exploit risks but does not analyze identity behaviors or enforce conditional access based on user risk.

Option D, Microsoft Sentinel, provides centralized security monitoring, analytics, and automated response across the organization. While Sentinel can ingest signals from Identity Protection, it does not provide native risk-based conditional access enforcement or assign risk scores to users and sign-ins.

Entra Identity Protection is designed to align with a Zero Trust security model by continuously evaluating identity risk, automating protective measures, and providing actionable insights. Reports and dashboards allow security teams to understand patterns of risky sign-ins, compromised credentials, and overall identity health, helping to prioritize remediation and compliance efforts.

The service also integrates with other Microsoft security products such as Conditional Access and Defender for Cloud Apps, providing end-to-end visibility and automated response. By enforcing risk-based policies, organizations can ensure that high-risk accounts or suspicious sign-ins are mitigated proactively, reducing the likelihood of unauthorized access or data breaches.

Implementing Microsoft Entra Identity Protection equips organizations with real-time identity threat detection, risk scoring, and the ability to enforce dynamic security policies. This ensures that cloud applications are accessed securely, accounts are protected, and the organization maintains a proactive security posture.

Question 45:

A company wants to prevent users from accidentally sharing sensitive files outside the organization. They want real-time monitoring, policy enforcement, and alerts when sensitive information is detected. Which Microsoft SC-900 service should they implement?

A) Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention
B) Microsoft Entra Conditional Access
C) Microsoft Secure Score
D) Microsoft Sentinel

Correct Answer: A)

Explanation:

Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention (DLP) is specifically designed to prevent accidental or unauthorized sharing of sensitive information within an organization. In this scenario, the company’s objective is to protect sensitive files from being shared externally, monitor activity in real time, enforce policies, and generate alerts when violations occur, making DLP the correct solution.

DLP works by scanning emails, documents, and cloud storage locations such as SharePoint, OneDrive, and Microsoft Teams. Policies can be configured to detect sensitive information types like credit card numbers, social security numbers, health records, or intellectual property. When a policy detects sensitive content, actions can include blocking the sharing attempt, encrypting the content, notifying users, or sending alerts to security administrators.

Option B, Microsoft Entra Conditional Access, controls access to applications based on identity and device signals but does not directly inspect content for sensitive information or prevent accidental sharing. Conditional Access policies focus on “who” can access “what” and under which conditions, rather than content monitoring.

Option C, Microsoft Secure Score, provides an overall assessment of security posture and recommendations, but it does not directly enforce real-time content protection or policy enforcement for sensitive information.

Option D, Microsoft Sentinel, aggregates logs, monitors threats, and supports automated response. While Sentinel can integrate with DLP to generate alerts for suspicious activity, it does not itself enforce policies to prevent accidental sharing or classify sensitive content.

DLP policies can be fine-tuned to meet compliance requirements and internal security standards, such as GDPR, HIPAA, or ISO 27001. Organizations can define exceptions, configure notifications, and set up detailed reporting to track user behavior, policy violations, and corrective actions.

Integration with Microsoft Purview Information Protection enhances DLP by applying labels to sensitive documents and emails, further reinforcing protective measures. For example, a document labeled “Confidential” can trigger DLP rules that prevent external sharing or enforce encryption.

By implementing Microsoft Purview Data Loss Prevention, the company ensures proactive monitoring and real-time enforcement of policies that prevent sensitive information from leaving the organization. This comprehensive approach mitigates risks of data leaks, supports compliance efforts, and provides administrators with the visibility and control required to maintain data security effectively.