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Question 1

Which OSI model layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing packets between different networks?

1. Data Link layer
2. Network layer
3. Transport layer
4. Session layer

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The Network layer, Layer 3 of the OSI model, is responsible for logical addressing and routing packets between different networks. IP addressing operates at this layer, allowing routers to determine appropriate paths for forwarding packets toward their destinations. The Data Link layer handles frames and MAC addresses, while the Transport layer provides services such as TCP and UDP communication. The Session layer manages communication sessions between applications. Therefore, the Network layer is responsible for logical addressing and routing functions.

Question 2

Which protocol is commonly used to automatically assign IP addresses and other network configuration information to hosts?

1. DNS
2. HTTP
3. DHCP
4. FTP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, or DHCP, automatically provides network configuration information to clients. A DHCP server can assign an IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server addresses, and lease duration to a host. This eliminates the need to manually configure every device on a network. DNS is used primarily for name resolution, HTTP provides web communication, and FTP transfers files. Therefore, DHCP is the correct protocol when devices need to receive IP addressing and related configuration information automatically.

Question 3

Which device forwards Ethernet frames based primarily on destination MAC addresses?

1. Router
2. Firewall
3. Access point
4. Switch

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

A network switch forwards Ethernet frames primarily by examining destination MAC addresses. The switch learns source MAC addresses from incoming frames and stores them in its MAC address table. When a frame arrives, the switch checks this table to determine the appropriate interface for forwarding the frame. Routers primarily make forwarding decisions using Layer 3 IP addresses, while firewalls enforce security policies and access points provide wireless connectivity. Therefore, a switch is the device primarily responsible for forwarding Ethernet frames based on MAC addresses.

Question 4

Which IPv4 address is part of the private address range 192.168.0.0/16?

1. 192.168.25.10
2. 172.40.10.5
3. 11.20.30.40
4. 200.10.10.1

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The IPv4 address 192.168.25.10 belongs to the private 192.168.0.0/16 address range. Private IPv4 addresses are intended for use inside local networks and are not directly routable across the public Internet. The other private IPv4 ranges are 10.0.0.0/8 and 172.16.0.0/12. The address 172.40.10.5 falls outside the private 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255 range. Therefore, 192.168.25.10 is the correct private IPv4 address among the listed options.

Question 5

Which command displays the IP routing table on a Cisco IOS router?

1. show interfaces
2. show ip route
3. show vlan brief
4. show mac address-table

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The show ip route command displays the IPv4 routing table on a Cisco IOS router. The routing table contains routes that the router can use to forward packets toward different destination networks. It can include connected, static, local, and dynamically learned routes. The show interfaces command displays interface information, show vlan brief provides VLAN information on switches, and show mac address-table displays learned Layer 2 addresses. Therefore, show ip route is the appropriate command for viewing the IPv4 routing table.

Question 6

Which routing protocol uses a link-state database and the Shortest Path First algorithm to calculate routes?

1. OSPF
2. RIP
3. EIGRP
4. BGP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Open Shortest Path First, or OSPF, is a link-state routing protocol that uses a link-state database to maintain information about the network topology. Each OSPF router can use this information with the Shortest Path First algorithm to calculate the best paths toward destination networks. RIP uses a distance-vector approach based on hop count, while EIGRP uses a different advanced distance-vector approach. BGP is primarily used for exchanging routing information between autonomous systems. Therefore, OSPF is the correct answer.

Question 7

Which IPv6 address type is used to identify a group of interfaces, with packets delivered to all members of that group?

1. Unicast
2. Anycast
3. Broadcast
4. Multicast

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

An IPv6 multicast address identifies a group of interfaces, and packets sent to that address are delivered to all members of the multicast group. IPv6 does not use traditional broadcast addressing. Instead, multicast is used for many communication functions that would otherwise require broadcast in IPv4. A unicast address identifies one interface, while anycast identifies multiple interfaces but delivers traffic to the nearest appropriate interface according to routing. Therefore, multicast is the correct IPv6 address type for sending traffic to a group of receivers.

Question 8

Which VLAN is commonly configured to carry management traffic for network switches?

1. Native VLAN
2. Voice VLAN
3. Management VLAN
4. Default VLAN

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

A management VLAN is commonly used to carry management traffic for network devices such as switches. An administrator can configure a switched virtual interface with an IP address and use protocols such as SSH to remotely manage the switch. Using a dedicated management VLAN can help separate administrative traffic from ordinary user traffic. A voice VLAN is designed for voice devices, while the native VLAN handles untagged traffic on an 802.1Q trunk. Therefore, the management VLAN is the appropriate choice for switch management traffic.

Question 9

Which protocol provides encrypted remote command-line access to a Cisco router or switch?

1. Telnet
2. HTTP
3. SSH
4. TFTP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Secure Shell, or SSH, provides encrypted remote command-line access to Cisco routers and switches. It protects administrative sessions by encrypting credentials and communication between the administrator and the device. Telnet can also provide remote CLI access, but it transmits information without encryption and is therefore less secure. HTTP is used for web-based communication, while TFTP is primarily used for lightweight file transfers. Therefore, SSH is the preferred protocol when secure remote administration of Cisco network devices is required.

Question 10

Which subnet mask corresponds to the IPv4 prefix length /27?

1. 255.255.255.0
2. 255.255.255.192
3. 255.255.255.224
4. 255.255.255.240

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

A /27 IPv4 prefix contains 27 network bits and leaves 5 bits for hosts. The corresponding subnet mask is 255.255.255.224. A /24 prefix uses 255.255.255.0, while /26 uses 255.255.255.192 and /28 uses 255.255.255.240. A /27 subnet contains 32 total IPv4 addresses, including the network and broadcast addresses, leaving 30 traditionally usable host addresses. Therefore, 255.255.255.224 is the correct subnet mask for the /27 prefix length.

Question 11

Which Cisco IOS command configures a switch interface as an access port?

1. switchport mode access
2. switchport mode trunk
3. switchport trunk allowed vlan
4. channel-group mode active

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The switchport mode access command configures a Cisco switch interface as an access port. An access port is normally associated with one VLAN and is commonly used to connect end devices such as computers, printers, and other hosts. The switchport mode trunk command configures an interface as a trunk, while switchport trunk allowed vlan controls which VLANs can cross a trunk. The channel-group mode active command is associated with EtherChannel configuration. Therefore, switchport mode access is the correct command.

Question 12

Which protocol translates a domain name such as www.example.com into an IP address?

1. ARP
2. DNS
3. ICMP
4. NTP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The Domain Name System, or DNS, translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses. When a user enters a domain name into an application, the system can query a DNS resolver to determine the IP address associated with that name. ARP performs IPv4 address-to-MAC address resolution on local networks, while ICMP is used for network diagnostics and control messages. NTP synchronizes system clocks. Therefore, DNS is the correct protocol for resolving domain names into their corresponding IP addresses.

Question 13

Which network topology provides a dedicated connection between every pair of devices?

1. Star
2. Bus
3. Ring
4. Full mesh

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

A full mesh topology provides a dedicated connection between every pair of devices in the network. This design provides a high level of redundancy because devices can have direct connections to many other devices. However, a full mesh can require a large number of connections, making it more expensive and complex as the network grows. A star topology connects devices through a central device, while bus and ring topologies use different shared or circular arrangements. Therefore, full mesh is the correct topology.

Question 14

Which IPv4 protocol discovers the MAC address associated with a known IPv4 address on a local network?

1. ARP
2. DNS
3. DHCP
4. OSPF

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Address Resolution Protocol, or ARP, is used in IPv4 networks to determine the MAC address associated with a known IPv4 address. When a host needs to communicate with another device on the local network, it can send an ARP request asking which device owns a particular IP address. The device with that address responds with its MAC address. DNS resolves domain names, DHCP provides network configuration, and OSPF exchanges routing information. Therefore, ARP is responsible for IPv4 address-to-MAC address resolution.

Question 15

Which wireless standard is commonly associated with high-throughput Wi-Fi operation in the 5 GHz band?

1. 802.11b
2. 802.11g
3. 802.11ac
4. 802.11a

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

IEEE 802.11ac is a wireless networking standard designed to provide high throughput, particularly in the 5 GHz frequency band. It introduced capabilities such as wider channels, higher-order modulation, and multiple spatial streams to improve wireless performance. 802.11b and 802.11g are older standards primarily associated with the 2.4 GHz band, while 802.11a also operates in the 5 GHz range but offers lower performance than 802.11ac. Therefore, 802.11ac is the best choice for high-throughput 5 GHz wireless networking.

Question 16

Which traditional STP port state allows a switch to learn MAC addresses but does not yet forward user data?

1. Blocking
2. Learning
3. Forwarding
4. Disabled

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

In the traditional Spanning Tree Protocol state model, the Learning state allows a switch port to learn MAC addresses and populate its MAC address table, but it does not yet forward normal user data frames. This state prepares the switch for forwarding while helping prevent temporary Layer 2 loops during topology changes. In the Forwarding state, the port can both learn MAC addresses and forward frames. Blocking prevents normal data forwarding and MAC learning, while a disabled interface does not participate in STP. Therefore, Learning is correct.

Question 17

Which Cisco protocol allows a device to discover information about directly connected Cisco neighbors?

1. CDP
2. SMTP
3. SNMP
4. Syslog

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Cisco Discovery Protocol, or CDP, allows Cisco devices to discover information about directly connected neighboring Cisco devices. Administrators can use CDP to identify neighboring device names, interfaces, platforms, and other details. This information can be particularly helpful when troubleshooting connectivity or documenting network connections. SNMP is commonly used for network monitoring and management, Syslog collects system messages, and SMTP is associated with email communication. Therefore, CDP is the Cisco-specific protocol used to discover information about directly connected Cisco neighbors.

Question 18

Which protocol is commonly used to synchronize the clocks of network devices?

1. FTP
2. NTP
3. Telnet
4. TFTP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Network Time Protocol, or NTP, is used to synchronize clocks across network devices and other systems. Accurate time synchronization is important for troubleshooting, security analysis, authentication systems, and correlating events recorded in logs from different devices. Network administrators can configure devices to obtain time information from an NTP server or another trusted source. FTP and TFTP are file transfer protocols, while Telnet provides remote terminal access. Therefore, NTP is the correct protocol for maintaining consistent time across network devices.

Question 19

Which type of IPv4 address may be automatically assigned when a host cannot reach a DHCP server?

1. Loopback
2. Multicast
3. APIPA
4. Broadcast

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Automatic Private IP Addressing, or APIPA, allows an IPv4 host to automatically assign itself an address when it cannot obtain an address from a DHCP server. APIPA addresses use the 169.254.0.0/16 range and are intended primarily for local communication. They generally do not provide normal connectivity to remote networks because the host has not received a valid network configuration from DHCP. Loopback addresses are used for local testing, multicast addresses identify groups, and broadcast addresses reach applicable hosts. Therefore, APIPA is correct.

Question 20

Which Cisco IOS command saves the current running configuration to the startup configuration?

1. erase startup-config
2. reload
3. copy startup-config running-config
4. copy running-config startup-config

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

The copy running-config startup-config command saves the current active configuration to the startup configuration stored in NVRAM. This is important because the running configuration is stored in RAM and can be lost when a device is rebooted. Saving the configuration ensures that the desired settings are available when the Cisco device starts again. The copy startup-config running-config command performs the reverse operation, while erase startup-config removes the saved configuration. Therefore, copy running-config startup-config is correct.