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Question 101

Which device operates primarily at Layer 3 of the OSI model?

1. Router
2. Hub
3. Patch panel
4. Repeater

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A router primarily operates at Layer 3, the Network layer, where it uses logical IP addresses to forward packets between different networks. Routers maintain routing tables and determine suitable paths toward destination networks. A hub and repeater operate primarily at the physical layer, while a patch panel is a passive physical connectivity component. Although modern networking devices can perform functions across multiple OSI layers, routing based on IP addresses is fundamentally associated with Layer 3. Routers therefore provide the primary function described here.

Question 102

Which wireless encryption method is considered obsolete and insecure?

1. WPA3
2. WPA2
3. WEP
4. AES

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Wired Equivalent Privacy, or WEP, is an obsolete wireless security mechanism with serious cryptographic weaknesses. Attackers can recover WEP keys using publicly known techniques, making it unsuitable for protecting modern wireless networks. WPA and WPA2 were introduced to improve wireless security, while WPA3 provides newer security mechanisms. AES is an encryption algorithm commonly used by modern wireless security standards rather than a standalone wireless security protocol. Modern networks should avoid WEP and use current security standards with strong authentication and encryption.

Question 103

Which protocol is used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems?

1. OSPF
2. BGP
3. RIP
4. DHCP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Border Gateway Protocol, or BGP, is designed to exchange routing information between autonomous systems. An autonomous system represents a collection of networks under a common administrative control, and BGP enables organizations and service providers to advertise reachable prefixes and apply routing policies. OSPF and RIP are generally used as interior routing protocols within an organization, while DHCP provides IP configuration to clients. BGP is therefore the protocol most closely associated with interdomain routing on the internet.

Question 104

Which connector is commonly used with coaxial Ethernet or broadband cabling?

1. LC
2. RJ45
3. BNC
4. SC

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

BNC connectors are commonly associated with coaxial cable and have historically been used in networking, video, and other radio-frequency applications. The connector uses a bayonet-style locking mechanism that provides a secure physical connection. RJ45 connectors are commonly used with twisted-pair Ethernet, while LC and SC are fiber-optic connectors. Although coaxial Ethernet is largely legacy technology in modern LAN environments, understanding BNC connectors remains relevant when identifying older network equipment and certain specialized cabling systems.

Question 105

What is the primary purpose of a subnet?

1. Divide a larger network into smaller logical networks
2. Increase CPU performance
3. Encrypt application traffic
4. Replace DNS

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Subnetting divides a larger IP network into smaller logical networks. This allows administrators to organize devices more efficiently, control broadcast domains, improve address utilization, and apply different routing or security policies to separate segments. A subnet is defined by its network address and prefix length or subnet mask. Subnetting does not encrypt application traffic or replace DNS, and it does not directly increase processor performance. Proper subnet design helps organizations build scalable and manageable IP networks.

Question 106

Which protocol provides encrypted communication for many web applications?

1. FTP
2. HTTP
3. HTTPS
4. Telnet

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

HTTPS secures HTTP communication by using TLS to provide encryption and authentication between a client and server. It is widely used for websites, web applications, APIs, and other services that need to protect data in transit. HTTP by itself does not provide encryption. FTP is designed for file transfers, while Telnet provides remote terminal access without modern encryption. HTTPS commonly uses TCP port 443 and helps protect information such as credentials, session data, and other sensitive application traffic.

Question 107

Which IPv6 address type is intended for communication within the local link?

1. Global unicast
2. Link-local
3. Multicast
4. Anycast

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

IPv6 link-local addresses are used for communication between devices on the same local network segment. They use the FE80::/10 range and are automatically configured on IPv6-enabled interfaces in many environments. Link-local addresses are important for neighbor discovery, router discovery, and other local IPv6 operations. Global unicast addresses are intended for broader routed communication, multicast addresses identify groups of interfaces, and anycast delivers traffic to an appropriate member of a group. Link-local addressing is therefore specifically designed for local-link communication.

Question 108

Which tool can capture and analyze individual network packets?

1. Packet analyzer
2. DHCP server
3. DNS resolver
4. Load balancer

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A packet analyzer captures and examines network packets to help administrators troubleshoot connectivity, performance, and security issues. Tools such as Wireshark can display packet headers, protocols, addresses, ports, flags, and application data when available. Packet captures can help identify retransmissions, incorrect configurations, suspicious traffic, and protocol errors. A DHCP server assigns network configuration, a DNS resolver handles name resolution, and a load balancer distributes application traffic. Packet analysis is therefore a valuable diagnostic and security technique.

Question 109

Which service commonly uses UDP port 53?

1. DNS
2. HTTPS
3. SSH
4. SMTP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

DNS commonly uses UDP port 53 for standard queries and responses because UDP provides low overhead and is efficient for typical DNS exchanges. DNS can also use TCP port 53 when required, such as for certain large responses or zone transfers. HTTPS commonly uses TCP 443, SSH uses TCP 22, and SMTP commonly uses TCP-based ports such as 25 or 587. Knowing common ports helps network technicians identify services, configure firewalls, and troubleshoot connectivity problems.

Question 110

Which technology allows multiple devices to share one public IPv4 address by using different source ports?

1. Static NAT
2. PAT
3. VLAN
4. GRE

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Port Address Translation, or PAT, allows many private hosts to share a single public IPv4 address by assigning different source port mappings to individual connections. The translation device tracks these mappings so that return traffic can be delivered to the correct internal host. PAT is commonly used in home and enterprise internet gateways because public IPv4 addresses are limited. Static NAT generally maps one internal address to one public address, while VLANs provide segmentation and GRE creates tunnels.

Question 111

Which protocol is commonly used to discover the physical switch port connected to a neighboring device?

1. SMTP
2. LLDP
3. FTP
4. POP3

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

LLDP, or Link Layer Discovery Protocol, allows compatible network devices to exchange information about directly connected neighbors. A switch can learn details about a neighboring device, including its identity, capabilities, and interface information. This can help administrators document physical topology and troubleshoot incorrect cabling. SMTP and POP3 are email protocols, while FTP is used for file transfers. LLDP is especially useful in enterprise networks where administrators need visibility into how switches, routers, access points, and other devices are physically interconnected.

Question 112

Which routing method automatically learns routes from neighboring routers?

1. Static routing
2. Dynamic routing
3. Default gateway
4. Host routing

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Dynamic routing allows routers to exchange routing information and automatically learn network paths from neighboring routers. Protocols such as OSPF, BGP, and RIP use different mechanisms to distribute and select routes. Dynamic routing can adapt to topology changes without requiring an administrator to manually modify every affected route. Static routing requires manual configuration and is often used for simpler or highly predictable paths. Dynamic routing is particularly valuable in larger networks where maintaining routes manually would become difficult.

Question 113

Which technology separates network traffic by assigning different logical networks to switch ports?

1. VLAN
2. NAT
3. QoS
4. VPN

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

VLANs allow administrators to create separate logical Layer 2 networks within the same physical switching infrastructure. Switch ports can be assigned to specific VLANs, causing devices in different VLANs to occupy separate broadcast domains. This provides useful segmentation for departments, guest users, voice systems, servers, and other traffic groups. Communication between VLANs normally requires Layer 3 routing. NAT translates addresses, QoS manages traffic priority, and VPNs create protected communication channels. VLANs therefore provide logical segmentation at the switching layer.

Question 114

Which protocol is commonly used to retrieve mail from a server and download messages to a client?

1. POP3
2. DNS
3. SNMP
4. LDAP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

POP3, or Post Office Protocol version 3, is designed to retrieve email messages from a mail server to a client. Traditional POP3 usage often involves downloading messages to the client, although configuration options can allow messages to remain on the server. IMAP provides stronger synchronization and server-side mailbox management across multiple devices. DNS resolves names, SNMP supports network monitoring, and LDAP accesses directory information. POP3 is therefore the protocol most directly associated with traditional client-side email retrieval.

Question 115

Which network component provides a physical location for terminating and organizing cables?

1. Router
2. Patch panel
3. Firewall
4. Access point

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A patch panel provides a structured physical location where network cables can be terminated, labeled, organized, and connected to other network equipment using patch cords. It does not normally perform routing, switching, wireless access, or security inspection. Routers forward traffic between networks, firewalls enforce security policies, and access points provide wireless connectivity. Patch panels are common in structured cabling installations because they make cable management, identification, maintenance, and future changes easier for network technicians.

Question 116

Which metric represents the amount of data successfully transferred over a network during a given period?

1. Jitter
2. Latency
3. Throughput
4. Attenuation

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Throughput represents the actual amount of data successfully transferred over a network during a specified period, often measured in bits per second. It can be lower than the theoretical bandwidth because of congestion, protocol overhead, interference, packet loss, or other limitations. Latency measures delay, jitter measures variation in packet arrival times, and attenuation describes signal loss over distance. Monitoring throughput helps administrators determine whether a network is delivering the expected level of usable data transfer.

Question 117

Which network attack involves sending fraudulent ARP messages to redirect local traffic?

1. DNS poisoning
2. ARP spoofing
3. Phishing
4. Brute force

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

ARP spoofing involves sending forged ARP messages to associate an attacker’s MAC address with another device’s IPv4 address. This can cause local traffic to be redirected through the attacker’s system, potentially enabling interception or manipulation. The attack takes advantage of weaknesses in the traditional ARP protocol and primarily affects local network segments. DNS poisoning targets name-resolution information, phishing attempts to deceive users, and brute-force attacks attempt repeated credential guesses. ARP spoofing is therefore the attack specifically involving fraudulent ARP information.

Question 118

Which technology provides centralized wireless management for multiple access points?

1. Wireless LAN controller
2. Patch panel
3. Media converter
4. Modem

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A Wireless LAN Controller, or WLC, can centrally manage multiple wireless access points. Depending on the platform, it can provide centralized configuration, security policies, firmware management, monitoring, roaming support, and radio-frequency management. Centralized management is particularly useful in enterprise environments with many access points because administrators can apply consistent settings rather than configuring every device individually. A patch panel provides cable termination, a media converter changes physical media types, and a modem provides connectivity to a service provider.

Question 119

Which protocol is used to securely synchronize time between network devices?

1. NTP
2. SNMP
3. FTP
4. HTTP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

NTP, or Network Time Protocol, synchronizes system clocks across networked devices. Accurate time is important for security logging, authentication systems, certificate validation, troubleshooting, and correlating events from multiple devices. Modern implementations can use security mechanisms to help protect synchronization from tampering. SNMP is primarily used for monitoring and management, FTP handles file transfers, and HTTP provides web communication. Reliable time synchronization helps administrators establish an accurate timeline when analyzing network events or investigating incidents.

Question 120

Which cable characteristic describes the loss of signal strength over distance?

1. Crosstalk
2. Attenuation
3. Latency
4. Jitter

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Attenuation is the reduction in signal strength as a signal travels through a transmission medium. It can increase with cable length and may also be affected by the characteristics and quality of the medium. Excessive attenuation can result in unreliable communication or transmission errors. Crosstalk refers to unwanted interference between nearby signal pairs, latency represents transmission delay, and jitter describes variation in packet arrival times. Understanding attenuation helps technicians determine appropriate cable lengths and diagnose physical-layer connectivity problems.