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Question 121

Which OSI layer is responsible for end-to-end communication and reliability?

1. Network
2. Transport
3. Session
4. Data Link

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The Transport layer, Layer 4 of the OSI model, provides end-to-end communication between applications on different hosts. It can provide functions such as segmentation, flow control, error recovery, and connection management. TCP is a common Layer 4 protocol that provides reliable, ordered delivery, while UDP provides faster connectionless communication without the same reliability mechanisms. The Network layer handles logical addressing and routing, while the Data Link layer handles frames and MAC addressing. Therefore, end-to-end transport services belong primarily to Layer 4.

Question 122

What does a DNS AAAA record provide?

1. An IPv4 address
2. A mail server
3. An IPv6 address
4. A hostname alias

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

A DNS AAAA record maps a hostname to an IPv6 address. It serves a purpose similar to an A record, which maps a hostname to an IPv4 address. For example, an IPv6-enabled web server can have an AAAA record so clients can locate it using its hostname. MX records identify mail servers, while CNAME records provide aliases for hostnames. Understanding DNS record types helps network administrators troubleshoot name-resolution problems and verify whether services are correctly configured for IPv4, IPv6, or both.

Question 123

Which device can provide power to compatible network devices through Ethernet cabling?

1. PoE switch
2. Router
3. Firewall
4. DNS server

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A Power over Ethernet, or PoE, switch can provide both network connectivity and electrical power through Ethernet cables to compatible devices. Common PoE-powered devices include wireless access points, IP cameras, VoIP phones, and some IoT devices. This reduces the need for separate electrical outlets near each device and simplifies installation. A router primarily performs Layer 3 forwarding, a firewall enforces security policies, and a DNS server resolves names. PoE is therefore particularly useful when deploying powered network devices in distributed locations.

Question 124

Which IPv6 mechanism allows a host to configure its own address using information advertised by a router?

1. DHCPv4
2. NAT
3. SLAAC
4. PAT

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration, or SLAAC, allows an IPv6 host to automatically configure an address using information provided through Router Advertisement messages. The host can generate an address based on the advertised network prefix without requiring a traditional DHCP server for basic address assignment. DHCPv6 can provide additional configuration depending on the network design. NAT and PAT are primarily associated with IPv4 address translation. SLAAC simplifies IPv6 deployment by allowing hosts to automatically obtain addressing information from IPv6 routers.

Question 125

Which Ethernet standard commonly supports 10 Gbps over multimode fiber?

1. 1000BASE-T
2. 10GBASE-SR
3. 100BASE-TX
4. 10GBASE-T

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

10GBASE-SR is a 10-Gigabit Ethernet standard designed for short-range communication over multimode fiber. It is commonly used for high-speed connections within data centers and buildings where fiber distances are relatively short. 1000BASE-T provides 1 Gbps over twisted-pair copper, while 100BASE-TX supports 100 Mbps. 10GBASE-T provides 10 Gbps over copper twisted-pair cabling. Selecting the correct Ethernet standard depends on required speed, distance, cable type, and the capabilities of the connected network equipment.

Question 126

What is the main purpose of a default route?

1. Provide a path when no more specific route exists
2. Assign IP addresses automatically
3. Encrypt traffic between networks
4. Resolve hostnames

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A default route provides a forwarding path for destinations that do not match a more specific entry in a routing table. It is commonly used by routers and hosts to send unknown external traffic toward an upstream router or internet gateway. In IPv4, a common default route is represented as 0.0.0.0/0, while IPv6 uses ::/0. A default route does not assign addresses, encrypt traffic, or resolve names. It simply provides a fallback path when no better route is available.

Question 127

Which protocol is commonly used for secure remote desktop access in Windows environments?

1. RDP
2. FTP
3. SMTP
4. SNMP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Remote Desktop Protocol, or RDP, is commonly used to remotely access graphical Windows desktops and servers. It allows an administrator or authorized user to interact with a remote system as though working directly at the device. RDP typically uses TCP port 3389, although configurations can vary. FTP is used for file transfers, SMTP handles email transmission, and SNMP supports network monitoring and management. Secure deployment of RDP should include strong authentication, access restrictions, encryption, and appropriate network controls.

Question 128

Which network topology provides a dedicated connection between two devices?

1. Mesh
2. Point-to-point
3. Bus
4. Ring

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A point-to-point topology establishes a direct connection between two devices or endpoints. This arrangement is commonly used for dedicated WAN links, router-to-router connections, and other situations where two endpoints need a direct communication path. A mesh topology uses multiple interconnected paths, a bus topology uses a shared communication medium, and a ring topology connects devices in a circular arrangement. Point-to-point connections are relatively simple and can provide predictable communication between the two connected endpoints.

Question 129

Which DNS record identifies the mail server responsible for a domain?

1. PTR
2. CNAME
3. MX
4. TXT

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

An MX, or Mail Exchange, record identifies the mail servers responsible for receiving email for a domain. DNS can contain multiple MX records with different preference values, allowing administrators to specify preferred and backup mail servers. A CNAME record provides an alias for another hostname, a PTR record supports reverse DNS lookups, and a TXT record stores text-based information such as verification or policy data. Correct MX configuration is essential for reliable inbound email delivery.

Question 130

Which technology combines multiple physical network links into one logical connection?

1. NAT
2. LACP
3. DHCP
4. DNS

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Link Aggregation Control Protocol, or LACP, allows compatible network devices to combine multiple physical links into a logical aggregated connection. This can increase available bandwidth and provide redundancy if one physical link fails. Link aggregation is commonly used between switches, servers, and other network devices. NAT translates IP addresses, DHCP provides address configuration, and DNS resolves hostnames. LACP can therefore improve network resilience and capacity while allowing several physical interfaces to function as one logical link.

Question 131

Which command is commonly used on Windows to display detailed IP configuration?

1. ping
2. tracert
3. ipconfig /all
4. nslookup

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The Windows ipconfig /all command displays detailed network configuration information for available interfaces. The output can include IP addresses, subnet masks, default gateways, DNS servers, physical MAC addresses, DHCP status, and other useful parameters. This makes the command valuable when troubleshooting addressing or connectivity problems. Ping tests reachability, tracert shows the path toward a destination, and nslookup is primarily used for DNS queries. Administrators often begin with ipconfig /all when investigating a host’s network configuration.

Question 132

What does MTU define on a network interface?

1. Maximum packet or frame size that can be transmitted without fragmentation at that layer
2. Number of available IP addresses
3. Maximum number of network users
4. Amount of encryption used

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Maximum Transmission Unit, or MTU, defines the largest packet or frame payload size that an interface or network path can handle without requiring fragmentation at the relevant protocol layer. Ethernet commonly uses an MTU of 1500 bytes for IP traffic, although other values are possible. Incorrect MTU settings can cause connectivity problems, especially across VPNs, tunnels, and networks with different link characteristics. MTU does not determine the number of users, available addresses, or encryption strength.

Question 133

Which authentication protocol is commonly used for centralized network access control?

1. TFTP
2. RADIUS
3. NTP
4. ICMP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

RADIUS, or Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service, provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting services. It is widely used for network access scenarios such as wireless authentication, VPN access, and network access control. A centralized authentication server allows administrators to manage user access more consistently than maintaining separate credentials on every network device. TFTP transfers files, NTP synchronizes time, and ICMP supports network diagnostic and control functions. RADIUS is therefore closely associated with centralized authentication and access management.

Question 134

Which IPv4 range is reserved for loopback testing?

1. 10.0.0.0/8
2. 172.16.0.0/12
3. 127.0.0.0/8
4. 192.168.0.0/16

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The IPv4 range 127.0.0.0/8 is reserved for loopback communication. The most commonly recognized loopback address is 127.0.0.1, which refers to the local host itself. Traffic sent to a loopback address does not normally leave the device through a physical network interface. The other listed ranges are private IPv4 address spaces used for internal networks. Loopback addresses are useful for testing the local TCP/IP stack and applications without requiring communication with another physical device.

Question 135

Which security principle gives users only the access required to perform their duties?

1. Least privilege
2. Open access
3. Port forwarding
4. Load balancing

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The principle of least privilege means users, applications, and systems should receive only the permissions necessary to perform their authorized tasks. Limiting permissions reduces the potential impact of compromised accounts, accidental changes, and unauthorized activity. For example, a user who only needs to read network documentation should not automatically receive administrative privileges. Port forwarding controls traffic paths, load balancing distributes workloads, and open access does not restrict permissions. Least privilege is therefore an important security principle for reducing unnecessary access.

Question 136

Which protocol is commonly used to send email from a client or server?

1. IMAP
2. SMTP
3. POP3
4. LDAP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol, or SMTP, is used to send and relay email between mail clients and servers or between mail servers. Common SMTP ports include 25 for server-to-server relay and 587 for message submission, with secure configurations available. IMAP and POP3 are primarily used to retrieve email from mail servers, while LDAP provides directory services. Understanding the distinction between email sending and retrieval protocols helps technicians troubleshoot mail delivery, authentication, and connectivity issues.

Question 137

Which device forwards frames based on MAC addresses?

1. Router
2. Firewall
3. Switch
4. Modem

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

A network switch forwards Ethernet frames primarily using destination MAC addresses. It learns MAC addresses by examining the source addresses of incoming frames and associates them with specific switch ports. When the destination MAC address is known, the switch can forward the frame through the appropriate port instead of sending it everywhere. Routers primarily make forwarding decisions using IP addresses, while firewalls enforce security policies and modems provide communication with service-provider networks. Switches are therefore central to Layer 2 LAN connectivity.

Question 138

Which IPv6 address type is used to send traffic to a group of interfaces?

1. Unicast
2. Anycast
3. Multicast
4. Loopback

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

IPv6 multicast addresses identify groups of interfaces and allow one sender to deliver traffic to multiple interested receivers. IPv6 uses multicast extensively for functions such as neighbor discovery and service communication. Unicast identifies one interface, while anycast identifies multiple interfaces but delivers traffic to the nearest or most appropriate member according to routing. The IPv6 loopback address identifies the local host. Multicast is therefore the address type specifically designed for one-to-many communication.

Question 139

Which technology creates a secure encrypted connection over an untrusted network?

1. VPN
2. VLAN
3. NAT
4. STP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A Virtual Private Network, or VPN, creates a protected communication channel across an untrusted or public network. Depending on the technology, VPNs can provide encryption, authentication, and integrity protection for transmitted data. Common implementations include remote-access VPNs for individual users and site-to-site VPNs connecting networks. VLANs provide logical segmentation, NAT translates addresses, and STP prevents switching loops. VPNs are widely used when organizations need secure communication across the internet or another network they do not control.

Question 140

What is the primary purpose of a network baseline?

1. Encrypt network traffic
2. Establish normal performance for comparison
3. Assign addresses to clients
4. Block malicious packets

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A network baseline documents normal performance and operating conditions for a network. Measurements can include bandwidth utilization, latency, interface errors, CPU usage, packet loss, and other relevant metrics. Administrators can compare current measurements against the baseline to identify unusual behavior, performance degradation, or potential incidents. A baseline does not directly encrypt traffic, assign addresses, or block malicious packets. Establishing accurate baselines is especially useful for troubleshooting because it provides a reference point for determining whether current network behavior is abnormal.