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Question 181

Which protocol is used to securely browse websites?

1. FTP
2. Telnet
3. HTTP
4. HTTPS

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP and uses TLS to protect communication between a client and web server. It provides encryption, helps verify the server’s identity through digital certificates, and protects data from being easily viewed or modified while in transit. HTTPS commonly uses TCP port 443. HTTP normally uses port 80 and does not provide encryption by itself. FTP is designed for file transfers, while Telnet provides remote terminal access without modern encryption. HTTPS is therefore the standard choice for secure web communication.

Question 182

Which protocol is commonly used to provide centralized authentication and authorization for network administrators?

1. TACACS+
2. TFTP
3. NTP
4. ICMP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

TACACS+ is an AAA protocol commonly used for centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting of administrative access to network devices. It separates authentication and authorization processes and encrypts the entire body of the authentication packet. This provides administrators with centralized control over access to routers, switches, firewalls, and other infrastructure. TFTP is used for simple file transfers, NTP synchronizes time, and ICMP provides network control and diagnostic messaging. TACACS+ is particularly useful when organizations need detailed administrative access control.

Question 183

Which IPv4 prefix provides 62 usable host addresses?

1. /24
2. /25
3. /26
4. /27

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

An IPv4 /26 network contains 64 total addresses. Two addresses are normally reserved for the network address and broadcast address, leaving 62 usable host addresses. A /25 provides 126 usable hosts, while /27 provides 30 usable hosts and /24 provides 254 usable hosts. Subnetting allows administrators to allocate address space according to the actual requirements of different network segments. Understanding usable host counts is important when designing efficient IPv4 networks and avoiding address shortages.

Question 184

Which technology allows a network administrator to copy traffic from one switch port to another for analysis?

1. NAT
2. Port mirroring
3. DHCP relay
4. Load balancing

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Port mirroring, sometimes called SPAN, copies network traffic from selected switch ports or VLANs to a designated monitoring port. A network administrator can connect a packet analyzer or intrusion detection system to the monitoring port to inspect traffic without interrupting normal communication. NAT translates IP addresses, DHCP relay forwards DHCP messages between network segments, and load balancing distributes application traffic. Port mirroring is particularly useful for troubleshooting, performance analysis, and security investigations where packet-level visibility is required.

Question 185

Which wireless band is most commonly associated with greater range but more interference from household devices?

1. 2.4 GHz
2. 5 GHz
3. 6 GHz
4. 60 GHz

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The 2.4 GHz wireless band generally provides better propagation and coverage through obstacles than higher-frequency Wi-Fi bands, but it is also more susceptible to interference. Devices such as Bluetooth equipment, microwave ovens, and some other wireless technologies can operate in or near this frequency range. The 5 GHz and 6 GHz bands generally provide more available spectrum and can support higher-capacity Wi-Fi deployments, although their signals typically have shorter effective range. Selecting a band requires balancing coverage, capacity, interference, and client compatibility.

Question 186

Which routing concept selects the route with the most specific matching prefix?

1. Administrative distance
2. Default routing
3. Longest prefix match
4. Route poisoning

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Longest prefix match is the routing principle used to select the most specific route that matches a destination IP address. For example, if a routing table contains both a broad /16 route and a more specific /24 route covering the destination, the /24 route is preferred because it represents a narrower network. Administrative distance helps select between routes learned from different sources, while a default route provides a fallback path. Route poisoning is a mechanism associated with some routing protocols for preventing routing loops.

Question 187

Which connector is commonly associated with single-mode and multimode fiber installations?

1. RJ45
2. BNC
3. LC
4. F-type

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

LC is a common fiber-optic connector used with both single-mode and multimode fiber installations. It has a small form factor that makes it useful in environments where rack space and port density are important. RJ45 connectors are commonly used with twisted-pair copper Ethernet, BNC connectors are associated with coaxial cabling, and F-type connectors are widely used for coaxial television and broadband connections. Fiber connectors must be selected based on the equipment, fiber type, installation requirements, and connector interface.

Question 188

Which security technology checks whether a device meets organizational requirements before granting network access?

1. NAC
2. NAT
3. DNS
4. QoS

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Network Access Control, or NAC, evaluates devices and users before or during network access and can enforce organizational security requirements. A NAC system may check factors such as authentication status, device identity, security software, operating-system condition, or compliance with organizational policies. Noncompliant devices can be denied access, placed into a restricted network, or given limited connectivity for remediation. NAT handles address translation, DNS resolves names, and QoS manages traffic priority. NAC therefore provides an important layer of access control.

Question 189

Which record is commonly used to verify ownership or publish policy information in DNS?

1. PTR
2. TXT
3. AAAA
4. MX

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A DNS TXT record stores arbitrary text information associated with a domain. Organizations commonly use TXT records for domain verification and email-related security policies such as SPF information. They can also be used by various services to confirm control of a domain. PTR records support reverse DNS, AAAA records map hostnames to IPv6 addresses, and MX records identify mail servers. Because TXT records can contain different types of information, administrators should carefully document their purpose and maintain accurate DNS configurations.

Question 190

Which network technology uses labels rather than only IP addresses for forwarding decisions within a provider network?

1. MPLS
2. DHCP
3. ARP
4. STP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Multiprotocol Label Switching, or MPLS, uses labels to help forward traffic through a service-provider network. Routers within the MPLS environment can use these labels to determine how traffic should be handled instead of relying solely on traditional IP routing decisions at every forwarding step. MPLS can support traffic engineering, quality-of-service requirements, and private WAN connectivity. DHCP provides client configuration, ARP maps IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses, and STP prevents Layer 2 loops. MPLS is therefore associated with provider-managed WAN services.

Question 191

Which protocol is commonly used to resolve a hostname to an IPv4 address?

1. DNS
2. SNMP
3. NTP
4. RDP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The Domain Name System, or DNS, translates human-readable hostnames into IP addresses and performs other naming functions. An A record is used to map a hostname to an IPv4 address, while an AAAA record maps a hostname to an IPv6 address. DNS allows users and applications to access services using names instead of remembering numerical addresses. SNMP is used for monitoring, NTP synchronizes time, and RDP provides remote desktop access. Reliable DNS operation is essential for many network applications and services.

Question 192

Which device regenerates or amplifies a network signal to extend its reach?

1. Firewall
2. Router
3. Repeater
4. Proxy server

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

A repeater regenerates or retransmits a network signal to extend the distance over which it can travel. Repeaters operate primarily at the physical layer and do not make routing or application-level forwarding decisions. A router forwards packets between networks, a firewall controls traffic according to security policies, and a proxy acts as an intermediary for client requests. Repeaters can be useful when the signal needs additional reach, although modern network designs often use switches, fiber links, or other technologies instead of standalone repeaters.

Question 193

Which IPv6 address type identifies the nearest interface among multiple interfaces sharing the same address?

1. Multicast
2. Anycast
3. Link-local
4. Loopback

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

IPv6 anycast allows the same address to be assigned to multiple interfaces, with traffic generally delivered to the nearest or most appropriate interface according to routing. Anycast can be useful for distributed services where clients should reach an efficient or geographically close destination. Multicast sends traffic to a group of interfaces, link-local addresses are intended for communication on the local link, and the loopback address identifies the local host. Anycast is therefore useful for distributing access to replicated network services.

Question 194

Which command can be used to query DNS information from a Windows workstation?

1. nslookup
2. netstat
3. route
4. arp

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The nslookup command is commonly used on Windows systems to query DNS information and troubleshoot name-resolution problems. It can retrieve records such as A, AAAA, MX, and other DNS information depending on the query. Administrators can also specify different DNS servers to compare responses. Netstat displays network connections and statistics, route displays or modifies routing information, and arp displays local IPv4-to-MAC mappings. Nslookup is therefore a useful first-line tool when investigating hostname resolution failures.

Question 195

Which protocol is commonly used for file and printer sharing in Windows networks?

1. SMB
2. SMTP
3. SIP
4. SNMP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Server Message Block, or SMB, is commonly used for file and printer sharing in Windows-based network environments. SMB allows clients to access shared folders, files, printers, and other network resources according to configured permissions. Modern SMB versions provide security and performance improvements compared with older implementations. SMTP is used for email transmission, SIP handles communication-session signaling, and SNMP supports network monitoring. SMB is therefore an important protocol for shared network resources and Windows-based enterprise environments.

Question 196

Which technology allows two IPv4 networks to communicate through a translated public address?

1. NAT
2. STP
3. LLDP
4. QoS

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Network Address Translation, or NAT, modifies IP addressing information as traffic moves between networks. A common use is translating private IPv4 addresses used inside an organization into public IPv4 addresses for internet communication. NAT can conserve public IPv4 addresses and provide a degree of address hiding. STP prevents switching loops, LLDP discovers neighboring devices, and QoS manages traffic treatment. NAT implementations can include static mappings, dynamic translations, and PAT, depending on the organization’s requirements.

Question 197

Which physical-layer problem occurs when signals from adjacent copper pairs interfere with each other?

1. Attenuation
2. Crosstalk
3. Latency
4. Jitter

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Crosstalk occurs when an electrical signal traveling through one copper conductor pair interferes with a nearby pair. Excessive crosstalk can cause transmission errors, reduce signal quality, and limit achievable network performance. Proper cable construction, twisting, shielding, installation practices, and using appropriate cable categories can help reduce interference. Attenuation refers to signal loss over distance, while latency measures delay and jitter measures variation in packet arrival times. Crosstalk is therefore specifically associated with interference between nearby signal conductors.

Question 198

Which protocol is commonly used by routers to exchange routes between autonomous systems?

1. RIP
2. OSPF
3. BGP
4. STP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Border Gateway Protocol, or BGP, is the primary routing protocol used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems. It supports policy-based routing and is fundamental to the operation of the global internet. BGP can advertise network prefixes and use attributes to influence path selection. OSPF and RIP are generally used as interior gateway protocols within autonomous systems, while STP operates at Layer 2 to prevent switching loops. BGP is therefore associated with interdomain or inter-autonomous-system routing.

Question 199

Which security architecture assumes that users and devices should not automatically be trusted based on network location?

1. Zero Trust
2. Open access
3. Perimeter-only security
4. Shared-key networking

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Zero Trust is a security approach based on the principle that access should not be automatically trusted simply because a user or device is inside a particular network. Access decisions can consider identity, device condition, resource sensitivity, context, and other security signals. Authentication and authorization are continuously enforced according to defined policies. This approach differs from traditional perimeter-only models that may place greater trust in internal network locations. Zero Trust commonly works alongside segmentation, least privilege, strong authentication, and continuous monitoring.

Question 200

Which network metric indicates how much of a link’s available capacity is currently being used?

1. Packet loss
2. Utilization
3. Jitter
4. Latency

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Network utilization indicates the percentage or amount of a network link’s available capacity currently being consumed. High utilization can indicate congestion and may contribute to increased latency, packet loss, or reduced application performance. Monitoring utilization over time also helps administrators identify traffic patterns and determine whether additional capacity may be required. Packet loss measures packets that fail to reach their destination, jitter measures variation in packet timing, and latency measures delay. Utilization therefore focuses specifically on how heavily network capacity is being used.