View Full Cisco CCNP Cybersecurity 350-201 Exam Dumps and Practice Test Dumps.

 

Question 221

What is the primary function of Cisco Secure Client (formerly AnyConnect) in enterprise security architectures?

1. Passive network traffic signal analysis
2. Providing secure remote access VPN and endpoint security telemetry
3. Managing switch VLAN configurations remotely
4. Unencrypted syslog log file forwarding

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

Cisco Secure Client—formerly known as Cisco AnyConnect Secure Mobility Client—is a unified endpoint agent that provides secure remote access VPN connectivity, posture assessment, web security, and endpoint threat defense telemetry. It allows remote workers to establish encrypted tunnels back to enterprise data centers or cloud security gateways while ensuring that connected devices meet organizational compliance and security policies before accessing sensitive internal resources.

Question 222

Which network management protocol provides secure, encrypted command-line interface access over TCP port 22?

1. Unencrypted Telnet remote console service
2. Trivial File Transfer Protocol utility server
3. Simple Network Management Protocol v1
4. Secure Shell (SSH) protocol

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

Secure Shell (SSH) is a cryptographic network protocol that enables secure administrative sessions, remote command execution, and file transfers over an unsecured network. Operating by default on TCP port 22, SSH replaces legacy plaintext protocols like Telnet by wrapping all communications—including login credentials and command outputs—in robust cryptographic encryption. This prevents eavesdropping, credential harvesting, and session hijacking by malicious threat actors positioned on the network path.

Question 223

Which BGP routing security mechanism validates the AS path origin using Resource Public Key Infrastructure Route Origin Authorizations?

1. BGP Route Origin Validation (ROV) via RPKI
2. Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI) security filtering
3. Unicast Reverse Path Forwarding (uRPF) checking
4. Port-based 802.1X network access control

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

BGP Route Origin Validation (ROV) is a routing security mechanism that utilizes Resource Public Key Infrastructure (RPKI) digital certificates and Route Origin Authorizations (ROAs) to verify whether an Autonomous System (AS) is legally authorized to announce a specific IP address prefix. Routers implementing ROV check BGP update announcements against downloaded RPKI repository data, classifying routes as valid, invalid, or not found, thereby preventing malicious prefix hijacking and accidental route leaks.

Question 224

What cryptographic exploit attempts to find two different inputs that generate identical hash digests under a specific hashing algorithm?

1. Brute-force password decryption attack
2. Dictionary key recovery scan
3. Hash collision attack
4. Man-in-the-middle interception

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

A hash collision attack is a cryptographic exploit where an attacker attempts to find two distinct plaintext inputs that produce identical cryptographic hash values under a specific hash function (such as MD5 or SHA-1). Because cryptographic hash functions map arbitrarily large data sets to fixed-size outputs, collisions are mathematically possible, but a secure hash function makes finding them computationally infeasible. When a hashing algorithm suffers from collision vulnerabilities, it undermines digital signatures and certificate integrity.

Question 225

What is the primary purpose of deploying MACsec (Media Access Control Security) across enterprise switch links?

1. Dynamic IP address assignment via DHCP
2. Providing line-rate, point-to-point encryption at Layer 2
3. Preventing Address Resolution Protocol cache poisoning
4. Enforcing Layer 7 application firewall policies

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

Media Access Control Security (MACsec) is an IEEE 802.1AE standards-based protocol designed to provide secure, line-rate, point-to-point data encryption, integrity, and authenticity at Layer 2 of the OSI model. By encrypting Ethernet frames directly between adjacent network devices (such as switches, routers, and hosts), MACsec protects enterprise networks against eavesdropping, man-in-the-middle attacks, and passive wiretapping across campus and data center physical switch links.

Question 226

Which component within the Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) architecture handles distributed policy creation, profiling, and administrative functions?

1. Basic unmanaged Layer 2 switch hardware
2. Passive network traffic signal analyzer tool
3. Unshielded twisted-pair patch cable link
4. Policy Administration Node (PAN)

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

Within a distributed Cisco Identity Services Engine (ISE) deployment, the Policy Administration Node (PAN) serves as the central administrative interface responsible for system configuration, policy creation, profiling management, and administrative reporting. Deploying ISE in a distributed architecture separates administration, policy service, and monitoring functions across dedicated nodes to ensure high availability, scalability, and robust performance across large enterprise environments.

Question 227

What threat intelligence protocol standardizes the automated transport and exchange of STIX threat packages over HTTPS?

1. Trusted Automated Exchange of Intelligence Information (TAXII)
2. Simple Network Management Protocol v3 daemon
3. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol service utility
4. Trivial File Transfer Protocol transfer mechanism

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

Trusted Automated Exchange of Intelligence Information (TAXII) is an application protocol designed for the secure, automated transmission and exchange of cyber threat intelligence information. Standardized as a RESTful web service operating over HTTPS, TAXII works hand-in-hand with Structured Threat Information Expression (STIX) formatted data, allowing security systems, SOC platforms, and intelligence feeds to share indicators of compromise and threat actor profiles seamlessly.

Question 228

What cloud security category or tool continuously monitors multi-cloud environments (AWS, Azure, GCP) to detect misconfigurations and compliance violations?

1. Layer 2 unmanaged Ethernet switch device
2. Passive network signal sniffer tool
3. Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) tool
4. Unshielded twisted-pair patch cable link

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

Cloud Security Posture Management (CSPM) tools are specialized security solutions designed to automate the continuous monitoring of cloud environments—such as AWS, Microsoft Azure, and Google Cloud Platform—to detect configuration flaws, security risks, compliance violations, and identity management gaps. CSPM platforms provide automated remediation guidance and visibility into complex cloud assets, helping security teams maintain strong security postures across multi-cloud infrastructure.

Question 229

What cryptographic key establishment mechanism does WPA3-Personal utilize to protect wireless networks against offline dictionary attacks?

1. Static pre-shared key (PSK) text string
2. Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE) protocol
3. Unencrypted open wireless local authentication
4. Legacy Wired Equivalent Privacy hashing

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 (WPA3-Personal) replaces traditional pre-shared key exchanges with Simultaneous Authentication of Equals (SAE), a secure key establishment protocol based on elliptic-curve cryptography. SAE ensures that even if users select weak or simple passphrases, attackers cannot capture over-the-air handshake packets and execute offline dictionary or brute-force attacks to recover the password, providing robust forward secrecy.

Question 230

Which logging protocol standardized under RFC 5424 formats and transmits system event telemetry across enterprise networks?

1. Unencrypted Telnet remote console stream
2. Trivial File Transfer Protocol utility service
3. Simple Network Management Protocol daemon
4. Syslog protocol

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

The Syslog protocol—standardized in RFC 5424—is a foundational standard for message logging used by network devices, operating systems, and security applications to transmit event telemetry to centralized log collectors and SIEM platforms. Syslog enables administrators to monitor system events, audit activities, and track security incidents across heterogeneous IT environments. While traditional syslog transmitted messages in clear text over UDP, modern implementations support secure forwarding over TLS.

Question 231

What type of firewall performs deep packet inspection up to Layer 7 to identify applications and detect complex malware signatures?

1. Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) appliance
2. Layer 2 unmanaged Ethernet bridge switch
3. Passive optical network signal tap hub
4. Unshielded twisted-pair patch cord link

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

A Next-Generation Firewall (NGFW) is an advanced security appliance that goes far beyond traditional packet-filtering firewalls by performing deep packet inspection up to Layer 7 of the OSI model. While legacy firewalls evaluated only IP addresses and port numbers, NGFWs inspect application-layer traffic payloads to identify specific applications, detect sophisticated malware signatures, prevent intrusion attempts, and enforce granular security policies across modern corporate networks.

Question 232

What protocol stack provides programmatic network configuration and state management using NETCONF over SSH with YANG data models?

1. Simple Network Management Protocol v1
2. Unencrypted Telnet remote administration
3. NETCONF/YANG programmatic protocol stack
4. Trivial File Transfer Protocol utility service

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

The combination of NETCONF and YANG data models provides a modern, programmatic approach to network automation and configuration management. NETCONF operates over secure SSH connections to install, manipulate, and delete device configurations, while YANG provides a standardized, human-readable data modeling language. Together, they enable network engineers and automation tools to orchestrate configuration changes reliably and securely across enterprise network devices.

Question 233

What modern cybersecurity architecture operates on the foundational principle of “never trust, always verify” for all connection requests?

1. Traditional perimeter-based security model
2. Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA)
3. Flat unsegmented network topology design
4. Unencrypted remote administration framework

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) is an enterprise cybersecurity paradigm that eliminates the concept of implicit trust based solely on network location. Under a Zero Trust model, every user, device, and application request—whether originating from inside or outside the corporate network perimeter—must be continuously authenticated, authorized, and validated before gaining access to enterprise resources, utilizing micro-segmentation, least privilege access, and real-time behavioral analytics.

Question 234

Which symmetric authenticated encryption mode of operation combines counter mode encryption with Galois field hashing for integrity?

1. Electronic Codebook (ECB) cipher mode
2. Cipher Block Chaining (CBC) standard
3. Plaintext session key sharing method
4. Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) encryption

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

Galois/Counter Mode (GCM) is an authenticated encryption mode of operation designed to provide both data confidentiality and data integrity simultaneously within symmetric block ciphers like AES. GCM combines counter mode encryption with universal hashing over a Galois field, ensuring that any unauthorized modification to ciphertext or associated authentication data is detected instantly. Because of its high performance and robust security guarantees, GCM is heavily utilized in modern TLS 1.3 protocols.

Question 235

What is the primary function of a SIEM event correlation engine within a Security Operations Center?

1. Connecting multiple disparate log events using logic rules to identify complex attack patterns
2. Capturing raw binary network frames in promiscuous mode
3. Generating static cryptographic file integrity hashes
4. Leasing dynamic IP address bindings on Layer 2 switches

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

A SIEM event correlation engine is an advanced analytics mechanism that aggregates, parses, and analyzes log streams from multiple disparate sources in real time. By applying logical rules, statistical thresholds, and threat intelligence feeds, the correlation engine connects seemingly unrelated events—such as a failed login attempt followed immediately by unusual database access—transforming raw logs into high-fidelity security alerts indicating multi-stage attacks.

Question 236

Which network security device sits inline to monitor traffic flows and actively drop packets matching known malicious signatures?

1. Layer 2 unmanaged Ethernet bridge switch
2. Passive network signal sniffing tap hub
3. Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) appliance
4. Unshielded twisted-pair patch cable link

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

An Intrusion Prevention System (IPS) is an advanced inline security appliance designed to monitor network traffic for malicious activities, policy violations, and known attack signatures with the capability to actively block or drop identified threats in real time. Unlike passive Intrusion Detection Systems that merely generate alerts, an IPS sits directly in the data path of network traffic flows to terminate malicious connection sessions instantly.

Question 237

What Layer 2 network attack floods switch memory tables with randomized source MAC addresses to force hub-like broadcast behavior?

1. Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) cache poisoning
2. MAC address flooding (CAM table exhaustion attack)
3. Dynamic Host Configuration server exhaustion loop
4. Spanning Tree Root bridge hijacking exploit

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

A CAM table flooding attack (MAC flooding) is a Layer 2 exploit where a malicious actor overwhelms an enterprise switch by transmitting a high volume of Ethernet frames with randomized source MAC addresses. Because switches maintain limited physical memory capacity within their Content Addressable Memory tables, exhausting this table forces the switch into an insecure broadcast mode, allowing the attacker to capture sensitive traffic using packet sniffers.

Question 238

Which AAA protocol combines authentication and authorization into a single process, operates over UDP, and encrypts only the password field?

1. TACACS+ protocol secure daemon
2. Secure Shell remote administration console
3. Lightweight Directory Access Protocol Secure
4. Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS)

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is a networking protocol that provides centralized Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting management. Operating primarily over UDP ports 1812 and 1813, traditional RADIUS encrypts only the user’s password within the access-request packet while leaving the rest of the payload unencrypted. RADIUS combines authentication and authorization into a single process, making it widely deployed for network access control and VPN environments.

Question 239

What operational metric measures the average duration elapsed between the occurrence of a cyber threat and its identification by security personnel?

1. Mean Time to Detect (MTTD)
2. Mean Time to Repair or Remediate (MTTR)
3. Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS)
4. Network bandwidth throughput capacity

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

Mean Time to Detect (MTTD) is a critical operational security metric that quantifies the average duration elapsed between the initial moment a cyber threat or security breach occurs within an environment and the moment security operations personnel or automated monitoring systems successfully identify it. Reducing MTTD is a primary goal for Security Operations Centers, achieved by deploying advanced SIEM and EDR platforms.

Question 240

Which application security defense mechanism strictly separates executable query syntax from user-supplied input data to prevent SQL injection?

1. Unencrypted Telnet remote console access
2. Passive network packet sniffer inspection
3. Parameterized queries (prepared statements)
4. MAC address port security enforcement

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

Parameterized queries—also known as prepared statements—provide the most effective defense mechanism against SQL injection vulnerabilities by strictly separating user-supplied input data from executable database query structures. When applications utilize parameterized queries, the database management system treats user input strictly as literal values rather than executable SQL command syntax, ensuring that sensitive enterprise data remains secure against unauthorized extraction and manipulation.