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Question 261

Which EIGRP command displays detailed information about EIGRP-enabled interfaces and their associated parameters?

1. show ip eigrp interfaces
2. show ip eigrp neighbors
3. show ip eigrp topology
4. show ip route eigrp

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The show ip eigrp interfaces command displays information about interfaces participating in EIGRP. Depending on the platform and command options, the output can include the EIGRP process, interface status, peer count, packet statistics, and other operational details. This command is useful when troubleshooting whether EIGRP is properly enabled and functioning on a particular interface. The neighbor command focuses on established EIGRP peer relationships, while the topology command displays routing and path information. The routing-table command shows EIGRP routes that have been installed for forwarding. Checking EIGRP interfaces is therefore an important step when investigating adjacency or routing-update problems.

Question 262

Which BGP attribute is propagated through iBGP and normally influences outbound traffic selection within an autonomous system?

1. Weight
2. MED
3. Local Preference
4. Origin

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Local Preference is propagated through iBGP and is commonly used to influence outbound traffic selection within an autonomous system. A higher Local Preference value is normally preferred when BGP compares routes. Because the attribute is shared through iBGP, administrators can establish a consistent exit policy across multiple internal routers. Weight is different because it is Cisco-specific and remains local to the router where it is configured. MED is generally used to influence how another autonomous system chooses between multiple entry points, while Origin identifies how a route entered BGP. Local Preference is therefore particularly useful for enterprise networks with multiple external connections.

Question 263

Which OSPF LSA type is generated by an ABR to advertise an inter-area network?

1. Type 2
2. Type 4
3. Type 5
4. Type 3

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

Type 3 Summary LSAs are generated by an Area Border Router to advertise networks from one OSPF area into another. They provide inter-area reachability information while keeping detailed link-state information confined to the originating area. The ABR can advertise networks from one area into another using Type 3 LSAs, allowing routers to calculate paths between areas. Type 1 LSAs describe individual routers, Type 2 LSAs represent multiaccess networks, and Type 4 LSAs identify reachability to ASBRs. Type 5 LSAs are used for external routes. Understanding Type 3 LSAs is essential when troubleshooting missing inter-area routes in a multi-area OSPF deployment.

Question 264

Which EIGRP packet is used to advertise routing information to neighbors?

1. Query
2. Reply
3. Update
4. Hello

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

EIGRP Update packets are used to advertise routing information to neighboring EIGRP routers. Updates can communicate newly learned routes, changes to existing routes, and route withdrawals. EIGRP uses partial and bounded updates instead of periodically sending the complete routing table, which helps reduce unnecessary routing traffic. Reliable delivery is provided for routing information that requires acknowledgment. Hello packets maintain neighbor relationships, Query packets request alternate route information, and Reply packets respond to Queries. When troubleshooting route propagation, administrators can examine EIGRP neighbor relationships and topology information to determine whether Updates are being exchanged correctly between routers.

Question 265

Which BGP attribute is considered before Local Preference in the Cisco BGP best-path selection process?

1. MED
2. Weight
3. Origin
4. AS Path

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Cisco’s BGP best-path selection process considers Weight before Local Preference. Weight is a Cisco-specific attribute that is locally significant to the router and is not advertised to BGP peers. A higher Weight value is preferred. Because Weight is evaluated first, administrators can use it to force a particular router to prefer routes learned from a specific neighbor. Local Preference is evaluated afterward and provides a broader policy mechanism because it is propagated through iBGP. Understanding this ordering is important when troubleshooting situations where a route with a lower Local Preference is still selected because it has a higher locally configured Weight.

Question 266

Which OSPF neighbor state occurs after the routers have completed the exchange of Database Description packets?

1. Loading
2. Full
3. Init
4. 2-Way

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The Loading state occurs after the Exchange stage, when OSPF routers have exchanged Database Description packets and identified LSAs that are missing or outdated. During Loading, a router sends Link-State Request packets for additional information and receives Link-State Update packets containing the requested LSAs. Once the required LSAs have been received and acknowledged, the adjacency can progress to Full. The sequence of states includes Init, 2-Way, ExStart, Exchange, Loading, and Full, although the exact progression depends on the network type and neighbor relationship. An adjacency stuck in Loading may indicate problems with LSA exchange, packet delivery, MTU, or database synchronization.

Question 267

Which EIGRP metric component uses the lowest bandwidth value found along a path?

1. Delay
2. Reliability
3. Bandwidth
4. Load

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

EIGRP uses the minimum bandwidth along a route when calculating its composite metric. It does not add the bandwidth values of all interfaces. Instead, the lowest bandwidth interface becomes the bandwidth value used by the metric calculation. Delay is handled differently because EIGRP accumulates delay across the path. By default, bandwidth and delay are the primary components used by EIGRP. Reliability and load can be included if the appropriate K-values are configured, although changing K-values is generally uncommon. Understanding the bandwidth component helps explain why a route containing one slow interface may receive a worse EIGRP metric than another route with higher minimum bandwidth.

Question 268

Which BGP attribute is generally used to influence which external link receives inbound traffic?

1. Local Preference
2. MED
3. Weight
4. Origin

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

MED is commonly used to influence which external link another autonomous system selects when there are multiple connections between the same autonomous systems. A lower MED value is generally preferred when the receiving router performs the relevant comparison. For example, an organization with two links to the same provider can advertise different MED values to suggest a preferred entry point. However, MED is only one factor in BGP path selection, and the receiving autonomous system can apply its own policies. Therefore, MED should not be considered an absolute method of controlling inbound traffic. It is best understood as a routing-policy signal between neighboring autonomous systems.

Question 269

Which OSPF command can be used to verify the current OSPF neighbor states?

1. show ip ospf database
2. show ip ospf
3. show ip ospf neighbor
4. show ip route ospf

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The show ip ospf neighbor command displays the OSPF neighbors known to the router and their current adjacency states. The output can include Router IDs, priorities, state information, timers, neighbor addresses, and interfaces. Administrators use this command to determine whether expected OSPF adjacencies have formed successfully. States such as Init, 2-Way, ExStart, Exchange, Loading, and Full provide useful information about the stage of the relationship. If a neighbor is stuck in an unexpected state, additional commands can be used to investigate MTU mismatches, network types, authentication, timers, or connectivity. This makes the command fundamental to OSPF adjacency troubleshooting.

Question 270

Which EIGRP mechanism reduces unnecessary routing information sent through a branch router?

1. Stub routing
2. Variance
3. Feasible distance
4. DUAL

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

EIGRP stub routing allows a router to limit the routing information it advertises to its neighbors. This is particularly useful for branch routers that should not operate as transit routers. Depending on configuration, a stub router can advertise connected, static, summary, redistributed, or other selected route types. By restricting the routing information provided by the branch, the network can reduce unnecessary queries and improve convergence behavior. EIGRP stub routing is therefore commonly used in hub-and-spoke designs. It does not change the fundamental EIGRP metric calculation or replace DUAL. Instead, it defines how a particular router participates in the EIGRP topology.

Question 271

Which BGP message is sent periodically to maintain an established session?

1. Update
2. Notification
3. Open
4. Keepalive

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

BGP Keepalive messages are exchanged periodically to maintain an established BGP session. They provide a mechanism for peers to confirm that the session remains operational when there are no other BGP messages being exchanged. If a router does not receive an acceptable message within the configured Hold Time, it can declare the peer unavailable and terminate the session. Open messages establish the BGP relationship, Update messages exchange routing information, and Notification messages report serious errors. Keepalive behavior is therefore important for maintaining stable BGP sessions and detecting failures even when the routing table has not changed.

Question 272

Which OSPF LSA type carries external routes in a normal OSPF area?

1. Type 3
2. Type 5
3. Type 2
4. Type 4

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Type 5 AS External LSAs carry external routes redistributed into a normal OSPF domain. An ASBR generates these LSAs when it redistributes routes from another routing source into OSPF. Type 5 LSAs are normally flooded throughout the OSPF autonomous system, except in areas where external LSAs are restricted. Standard stub areas block Type 5 LSAs, while NSSAs use Type 7 LSAs for external routes introduced within the NSSA. Type 3 LSAs advertise inter-area networks, Type 4 LSAs identify the path toward an ASBR, and Type 2 LSAs describe multiaccess networks. Understanding Type 5 behavior is essential when troubleshooting OSPF redistribution.

Question 273

Which EIGRP algorithm provides loop-free convergence after a topology change?

1. DUAL
2. SPF
3. STP
4. BGP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

EIGRP uses the Diffusing Update Algorithm, known as DUAL, to provide loop-free route calculation and convergence. DUAL maintains information about successors and feasible successors and uses the feasibility condition to determine whether alternate paths can be safely used. When the primary successor fails, a qualifying feasible successor can be installed quickly. If no feasible successor exists, EIGRP can query neighboring routers to discover another valid path. This approach allows EIGRP to respond dynamically to topology changes while avoiding routing loops. OSPF uses the SPF algorithm instead, so DUAL is specifically associated with EIGRP route computation and convergence.

Question 274

Which BGP attribute identifies the next router that should be used to reach a BGP destination?

1. MED
2. AS Path
3. Next Hop
4. Origin

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The BGP Next Hop attribute identifies the IP address that should be used as the next-hop destination for a BGP route. The next-hop address must be reachable through the local routing table for the route to be installed and used for forwarding. In eBGP, the advertising router normally sets itself as the next hop. In iBGP, the original next-hop attribute can remain unchanged when a route is passed between internal peers. If the next hop is not reachable, the BGP route may remain in the BGP table but not be installed in the IP routing table. Troubleshooting BGP therefore requires verifying next-hop reachability.

Question 275

Which OSPF area type blocks external Type 5 LSAs and uses a default route toward external destinations?

1. NSSA
2. Standard stub area
3. Normal area
4. Backbone area

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A standard OSPF stub area blocks Type 5 external LSAs from entering the area and uses a default route to reach external destinations. This reduces the amount of external routing information that routers inside the area must maintain. Stub areas are useful when detailed external route information is unnecessary and a simple default path toward the rest of the OSPF domain is sufficient. An NSSA differs because it allows controlled external route redistribution within the area using Type 7 LSAs. A normal area can carry external Type 5 LSAs without this restriction. Understanding these differences helps administrators select and troubleshoot appropriate OSPF area types.

Question 276

Which EIGRP command is most useful for viewing successors, feasible successors, and route metrics?

1. show ip eigrp interfaces
2. show ip eigrp topology
3. show ip eigrp neighbors
4. show ip protocols

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The show ip eigrp topology command provides detailed information about EIGRP destinations and their available paths. The output can include successors, feasible successors, Feasible Distance, Reported Distance, and route metrics. This makes it especially useful when analyzing why EIGRP selected a particular path or why an alternate path is not being used. The neighbor command focuses on EIGRP peer relationships, while the interfaces command provides interface-related operational information. The topology table contains the information DUAL uses to make path-selection decisions. Administrators can therefore use this command to investigate convergence behavior, feasible successors, and unequal-cost load-balancing possibilities.

Question 277

Which BGP attribute is normally preferred when its value is higher and is propagated within an autonomous system?

1. Local Preference
2. MED
3. Origin
4. AS Path

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Local Preference is normally preferred when its value is higher and is propagated through internal BGP sessions. It is primarily used to influence outbound traffic from an autonomous system. A higher Local Preference indicates that a particular external route should generally be preferred over a route with a lower value. Because it is carried by iBGP, multiple internal routers can use the same policy. Weight is also higher-is-better but is local to a Cisco router and is considered before Local Preference. MED generally follows a lower-is-better comparison. Understanding these distinctions helps avoid confusing BGP attributes that influence different directions of traffic.

Question 278

Which OSPF packet is used to request specific LSAs that a router does not currently have or needs to update?

1. Hello
2. Database Description
3. Link-State Request
4. Link-State Update

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The Link-State Request packet is used by an OSPF router to request specific LSAs from a neighboring router. During database synchronization, routers compare information contained in Database Description packets and determine which LSAs are missing or outdated. The router then sends Link-State Requests for the required information. The neighbor responds with Link-State Update packets containing the requested LSAs. Hello packets maintain neighbor relationships, while Database Description packets summarize LSDB contents. Understanding the purpose of Link-State Requests is useful when troubleshooting OSPF adjacencies that remain in Loading or Exchange because these states involve synchronization of link-state information.

Question 279

Which EIGRP administrative distance is lower for internal routes than for external routes?

1. 170 for internal and 90 for external
2. 90 for internal and 170 for external
3. 110 for internal and 170 for external
4. 90 for internal and 120 for external

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Cisco routers assign a default administrative distance of 90 to internal EIGRP routes and 170 to external EIGRP routes. Internal routes are learned directly through EIGRP, while external routes are redistributed into EIGRP from another routing source. Since lower administrative distance is generally preferred, internal EIGRP routes have a stronger preference than external EIGRP routes when competing with the same routing source category. These values are important when multiple routing protocols or redistribution mechanisms are used. Administrative distance should not be confused with the EIGRP composite metric, which determines the preferred EIGRP path among routes learned through EIGRP itself.

Question 280

Which BGP attribute can be used locally on a Cisco router to override other path-selection attributes because it is evaluated first?

1. Weight
2. MED
3. Local Preference
4. Origin

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Weight is a Cisco-specific BGP attribute that is evaluated before other major path attributes in the Cisco BGP best-path process. A higher Weight value is preferred, allowing an administrator to influence which route a particular router selects. Weight is locally significant and is not advertised to BGP peers, so its effect is limited to the router where it is configured. Local Preference is evaluated afterward and is more appropriate for influencing outbound routing decisions across an autonomous system. MED and Origin are considered later in the selection process. Weight is therefore particularly useful when a specific Cisco router needs a local preference for one BGP path.