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Question 361

Which EIGRP component contains information about all routes learned from EIGRP neighbors?

1. Neighbor table
2. Topology table
3. Routing table
4. ARP table

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The EIGRP topology table stores routing information learned from EIGRP neighbors. It can contain multiple paths toward a destination, including the successor and qualifying feasible successors. The topology table is maintained by EIGRP and provides the information required by DUAL to select loop-free paths and respond to topology changes. The neighbor table instead records established EIGRP peer relationships, while the routing table contains only routes selected for forwarding. The ARP table is unrelated to EIGRP route calculation. Administrators can use the show ip eigrp topology command to inspect Feasible Distance, Reported Distance, successors, and alternate paths when troubleshooting EIGRP routing behavior.

Question 362

Which BGP attribute is evaluated first in Cisco’s standard best-path selection process?

1. Local Preference
2. AS Path
3. Weight
4. MED

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Weight is evaluated before Local Preference in Cisco’s standard BGP best-path selection process. It is a Cisco-specific attribute that is locally significant and is not advertised to BGP peers. A higher Weight is preferred, allowing an administrator to influence route selection on a specific router. Local Preference is evaluated afterward and is propagated through iBGP, making it more suitable for autonomous-system-wide outbound routing policy. AS Path and MED are evaluated later in the selection process. Because Weight is local, changing it on one router does not automatically alter path selection on other routers in the same autonomous system.

Question 363

Which OSPF LSA type is generated by a DR to represent a broadcast multiaccess network?

1. Type 1
2. Type 2
3. Type 4
4. Type 5

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A Type 2 Network LSA is generated by the Designated Router on a broadcast or other applicable multiaccess OSPF network. It represents the shared network segment and identifies the routers attached to that segment. The DR and BDR reduce the number of full adjacencies required among routers on a multiaccess network. Type 1 Router LSAs are generated by individual routers, Type 3 Summary LSAs are generated by ABRs, and Type 5 LSAs advertise external routes. Point-to-point networks do not elect a DR or BDR and therefore do not generate Type 2 Network LSAs. This distinction is important when troubleshooting OSPF database information.

Question 364

Which EIGRP metric component is cumulative across the complete path?

1. Bandwidth
2. Delay
3. Load
4. Reliability

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

EIGRP accumulates delay values across all interfaces in the path when calculating the composite metric. This differs from bandwidth, where EIGRP uses the minimum bandwidth along the path rather than adding bandwidth values together. By default, EIGRP uses bandwidth and delay as the main components of the metric. Reliability and load can be included if the K-values are changed from their defaults. Because delay is cumulative, several interfaces with significant delay can make a path less attractive even if the minimum bandwidth is relatively high. Understanding this behavior helps administrators explain EIGRP metric differences between multiple available routes.

Question 365

Which BGP attribute is used to identify the autonomous systems through which a route has passed?

1. AS Path
2. Origin
3. MED
4. Local Preference

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The AS Path attribute records the autonomous systems through which a BGP route advertisement has traveled. Each eBGP autonomous system normally adds its own AS number when advertising a route to another autonomous system. BGP uses this information both for path selection and loop prevention. If a router receives a route containing its own AS number, it normally rejects the route to prevent a routing loop. When comparing suitable paths, BGP generally prefers a shorter AS Path after earlier attributes have been considered. Local Preference influences outbound policy, MED can influence entry-point selection, and Origin describes how a route entered BGP.

Question 366

Which OSPF state follows the Init state after bidirectional communication is confirmed?

1. Loading
2. Exchange
3. 2-Way
4. Full

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The 2-Way state follows Init when an OSPF router confirms bidirectional communication with its neighbor. This occurs when a router receives a Hello packet from the neighbor that includes the local router’s Router ID in the neighbor list. On broadcast networks, routers that are neither the DR nor BDR may remain in the 2-Way state with one another, which is normal behavior. For routers that need a full adjacency, the relationship proceeds through ExStart, Exchange, Loading, and eventually Full. If a neighbor remains stuck in Init, the issue may involve one-way communication, filtering, or other Hello-related problems.

Question 367

Which EIGRP route is installed in the routing table as the primary path?

1. Feasible successor
2. Successor
3. Reported Distance
4. Query

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The EIGRP successor is the primary route selected for a destination and is normally installed in the IP routing table. It represents the best available EIGRP path based on the composite metric. A feasible successor is an alternate route that satisfies the feasibility condition and can potentially replace the successor if it fails. Reported Distance is a metric value advertised by a neighboring router, while Query is an EIGRP packet used during route discovery. DUAL is responsible for maintaining these route relationships and supporting loop-free convergence. Identifying successors and feasible successors is important when analyzing EIGRP failover and convergence behavior.

Question 368

Which BGP command displays detailed information about a specific BGP neighbor?

1. show ip bgp
2. show ip bgp summary
3. show ip bgp neighbors
4. show ip route bgp

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The show ip bgp neighbors command provides detailed information about BGP peer relationships. It can display the remote autonomous system, BGP session state, timers, negotiated capabilities, message counters, address-family information, and prefix statistics. This makes it particularly useful when troubleshooting a specific BGP neighbor. The show ip bgp command focuses on the BGP routing table, while show ip bgp summary provides a concise overview of all neighbors. show ip route bgp displays BGP routes installed in the IP routing table. For detailed peer-level troubleshooting, show ip bgp neighbors provides considerably more information than the summary command.

Question 369

Which OSPF LSA type is used to advertise routes between different OSPF areas?

1. Type 5
2. Type 4
3. Type 3
4. Type 2

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Type 3 Summary LSAs are generated by Area Border Routers to advertise networks from one OSPF area into another. They provide inter-area routing information while maintaining OSPF’s hierarchical design. Type 1 LSAs describe individual routers, Type 2 LSAs represent multiaccess networks, Type 4 LSAs provide reachability information toward ASBRs, and Type 5 LSAs advertise external routes. When an inter-area route is missing, administrators can inspect the ABR and its Type 3 LSAs to determine whether the destination network is being advertised correctly. Area configuration, summarization, filtering, and backbone connectivity can all affect Type 3 route propagation.

Question 370

Which EIGRP feature allows multiple routes with different metrics to be used for load balancing?

1. Variance
2. Split horizon
3. Stub routing
4. Summarization

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

EIGRP variance allows unequal-cost load balancing by permitting multiple qualifying paths with different metrics to be installed and used. The variance value acts as a multiplier against the best route’s metric to determine whether additional paths can qualify. However, a path must first satisfy EIGRP’s feasibility condition before it can be used as an unequal-cost path. Split horizon controls route advertisements, stub routing limits routing information and query propagation, and summarization combines multiple prefixes. Variance therefore specifically addresses unequal-cost load balancing. It can be useful in networks where available links have different bandwidths but administrators want to utilize more than one path.

Question 371

Which BGP attribute is generally preferred when its value is lower?

1. Weight
2. Local Preference
3. MED
4. AS Path

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

MED is generally preferred when its value is lower during the applicable BGP best-path comparison. It can be used to suggest which entry point another autonomous system should select when multiple connections exist between the same autonomous systems. For example, an organization can advertise a lower MED on one link to indicate that the link is a preferred inbound path. MED does not guarantee the final selection because the receiving autonomous system can apply additional policies. Weight and Local Preference are normally preferred when higher, while AS Path is generally preferred when shorter. MED is therefore the lower-value attribute among these choices.

Question 372

Which OSPF command displays general information about the OSPF process, including the Router ID?

1. show ip ospf
2. show ip ospf neighbor
3. show ip ospf database
4. show ip route ospf

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The show ip ospf command provides general information about the local OSPF process. Depending on the Cisco IOS version and configuration, it can display the OSPF process ID, Router ID, area information, SPF statistics, timers, and other process-level details. The show ip ospf neighbor command is focused on adjacency states, while show ip ospf database displays the link-state database. The show ip route ospf command displays OSPF routes installed in the routing table. When beginning an OSPF troubleshooting process, verifying the process information and Router ID can help identify incorrect configuration or unexpected OSPF behavior.

Question 373

Which EIGRP value must be lower than the local Feasible Distance for an alternate path to satisfy the feasibility condition?

1. Administrative Distance
2. Reported Distance
3. Delay
4. Bandwidth

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The Reported Distance advertised by an EIGRP neighbor must be lower than the local Feasible Distance for the route to satisfy the feasibility condition. This condition allows DUAL to determine that the alternate route is loop-free and therefore eligible to become a feasible successor. Feasible Distance is the local router’s total metric toward the destination through a particular path. Administrative Distance is used to compare routing sources and does not determine the EIGRP feasibility condition. Delay and bandwidth contribute to the EIGRP metric but are not themselves the feasibility comparison. This relationship is essential for understanding EIGRP alternate-path selection.

Question 374

Which BGP message is responsible for exchanging routing information after a BGP session is established?

1. Notification
2. Keepalive
3. Update
4. Open

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

BGP Update messages exchange routing information between established BGP peers. An Update can advertise new prefixes, include path attributes, or withdraw previously advertised routes. Important attributes carried with routes can include AS Path, Next Hop, Origin, Local Preference, and MED depending on the direction and BGP relationship. Open messages establish the BGP session and negotiate parameters, Keepalives maintain the session, and Notifications report serious errors. When a BGP neighbor is Established but expected routes are missing, administrators should investigate Update processing, route policies, prefix filtering, next-hop reachability, and other configuration factors that may prevent routes from being accepted or installed.

Question 375

Which OSPF LSA type is used to describe an external route in a normal OSPF area?

1. Type 1
2. Type 2
3. Type 5
4. Type 4

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Type 5 AS External LSAs describe routes that have been redistributed into OSPF by an ASBR. These LSAs normally flood throughout the OSPF autonomous system, except in areas that restrict external LSAs. Standard stub areas do not accept Type 5 external LSAs and instead use a default route. NSSAs use Type 7 LSAs for external routes introduced inside the NSSA. Type 1 describes routers, Type 2 represents multiaccess networks, and Type 4 identifies reachability to an ASBR in another area. Understanding Type 5 behavior is particularly important when troubleshooting OSPF redistribution and external route propagation.

Question 376

Which EIGRP command can be used to view information about EIGRP-enabled interfaces?

1. show ip eigrp topology
2. show ip eigrp interfaces
3. show ip eigrp neighbors
4. show ip route eigrp

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The show ip eigrp interfaces command displays information about interfaces participating in EIGRP. Depending on the IOS version and command options, the output can include interface status, EIGRP process information, peer counts, packet statistics, and other operational details. The command is useful for verifying whether EIGRP is correctly enabled on an interface and for troubleshooting interface-specific problems. The neighbor command focuses on EIGRP peer relationships, while the topology command provides route and path information. The routing-table command shows routes installed by EIGRP. Therefore, show ip eigrp interfaces is appropriate when investigating EIGRP interface operation.

Question 377

Which BGP attribute is used to identify the IP address that should be used to reach a BGP destination?

1. Origin
2. MED
3. Next Hop
4. Weight

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The BGP Next Hop attribute identifies the IP address that a router should use as the next hop toward a BGP destination. The next-hop address must be reachable through the local routing table for the BGP route to be installed and used. In eBGP, the advertising router typically sets itself as the next hop. With iBGP, the original next-hop information may be preserved unless the configuration uses next-hop-self or another policy. An unreachable next hop can prevent a BGP route from entering the IP routing table even when the route appears in the BGP table. Next-hop reachability is therefore essential for successful BGP route installation.

Question 378

Which OSPF packet requests specific LSAs from a neighboring router?

1. Link-State Update
2. Database Description
3. Link-State Request
4. Hello

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The Link-State Request packet is used to request specific LSAs from an OSPF neighbor. During database synchronization, routers compare the information summarized in Database Description packets and determine which LSAs are missing or outdated. The router then sends Link-State Request packets for the required information. The neighbor responds with Link-State Update packets containing the requested LSAs. Hello packets maintain neighbor relationships, while Database Description packets summarize LSDB contents during adjacency establishment. If an OSPF adjacency remains in the Loading state, administrators can investigate whether requested LSAs are being exchanged successfully and whether there are connectivity, MTU, or other synchronization problems.

Question 379

Which EIGRP administrative distance is assigned to internal EIGRP routes by default?

1. 90
2. 110
3. 120
4. 170

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Internal EIGRP routes have a default administrative distance of 90 on Cisco routers. Administrative distance represents how much trust a router places in a routing source when multiple protocols provide routes to the same destination. A lower administrative distance is normally preferred. External EIGRP routes use a default administrative distance of 170 because they originate from another routing source and are redistributed into EIGRP. These values should not be confused with the EIGRP composite metric, which determines the preferred path among EIGRP routes. Knowing the default administrative distance is useful when troubleshooting route selection involving EIGRP and other routing protocols.

Question 380

Which BGP state indicates that the BGP session is fully established and route exchange can occur?

1. Active
2. OpenSent
3. Established
4. Idle

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The Established state indicates that a BGP session has successfully completed its negotiation and is ready to exchange routing information. In this state, BGP Update messages can be sent between the peers. Idle is an initial or inactive state, Active indicates that BGP is attempting to establish the TCP connection, and OpenSent means that an Open message has been sent while the router waits for the peer’s response. Reaching Established confirms that the BGP session itself is operational, although routing policies, filters, or next-hop problems can still prevent expected routes from being installed. Administrators commonly verify this state using show ip bgp summary.