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Question 281

Which protocol synchronizes time across network devices?

1. NTP
2. SMTP
3. LDAP
4. SIP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

NTP, or Network Time Protocol, is designed to synchronize the clocks of network devices and systems. Accurate time is important for logging, troubleshooting, authentication, event correlation, and security monitoring. NTP allows devices to obtain time information from configured time sources and adjust their clocks accordingly. Network administrators can configure reliable NTP servers so that routers, switches, and servers maintain consistent timestamps. SMTP is associated with email transfer, LDAP provides directory services, and SIP supports session signaling. Therefore, NTP is the protocol specifically used when network devices need coordinated and accurate system time.

Question 282

Which protocol is commonly used to transfer files securely?

1. TFTP
2. SFTP
3. ARP
4. ICMP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

SFTP, or SSH File Transfer Protocol, provides secure file transfer through an SSH connection. It protects transferred data and authentication information by using encryption during communication. Network administrators can use SFTP to move configuration files, software packages, logs, and other data between compatible systems. TFTP is a lightweight file-transfer protocol but does not provide comparable security features. ARP performs address resolution, while ICMP supports network control and diagnostic messaging. Because SFTP combines file-transfer functionality with secure SSH-based communication, it is suitable when confidentiality and authenticated file exchange are required across a network.

Question 283

Which protocol resolves domain names into IP addresses?

1. SNMP
2. DHCP
3. DNS
4. RADIUS

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

DNS, or Domain Name System, translates human-readable domain names into corresponding IP addresses. This allows users and applications to access services using names rather than remembering numerical addresses. For example, a client can request the IP address associated with a domain name through a configured DNS resolver. DNS can also provide other types of records, including mail-server and service-related information. SNMP is used for network management, DHCP provides configuration parameters, and RADIUS supports centralized authentication. Therefore, DNS is the protocol responsible for name resolution between domain names and network addresses.

Question 284

Which protocol provides centralized authentication for network access?

1. RADIUS
2. FTP
3. RIP
4. IGMP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

RADIUS, or Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service, provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting capabilities for network access. It can be used with services such as wireless access, VPN connections, and network device administration. Instead of maintaining separate credentials on every device, organizations can use a centralized RADIUS server to validate users and apply access policies. FTP transfers files, RIP exchanges routing information, and IGMP manages IPv4 multicast group membership. RADIUS therefore plays an important role in centralized access control and user authentication across distributed network environments where consistent identity management is required.

Question 285

Which IPv4 range is reserved for link-local addressing?

1. 127.0.0.0/8
2. 169.254.0.0/16
3. 224.0.0.0/4
4. 192.0.2.0/24

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

The IPv4 range 169.254.0.0/16 is reserved for link-local addressing. A host may automatically select an address from this range when normal address assignment through mechanisms such as DHCP is unavailable. Link-local addresses are intended for communication within the local network segment and are not normally routed between separate networks. The 127.0.0.0/8 range is reserved for loopback communication, 224.0.0.0/4 is used for multicast addresses, and 192.0.2.0/24 is reserved for documentation. Therefore, 169.254.0.0/16 represents the standard IPv4 link-local address range.

Question 286

Which device forwards frames based on MAC addresses?

1. Router
2. Modem
3. Switch
4. Gateway server

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

A network switch forwards Ethernet frames primarily according to destination MAC addresses. It learns source MAC addresses from incoming frames and stores them in a MAC address table associated with switch ports. When a frame arrives, the switch checks the destination MAC address and forwards the frame through the appropriate interface when the destination is known. Routers instead make forwarding decisions using network-layer addresses. A modem provides signal conversion or access functions, while a gateway server can perform various application or network services. Switch-based MAC learning is fundamental to efficient communication within Ethernet LANs.

Question 287

Which protocol is used to manage IPv4 multicast group membership?

1. IGMP
2. BFD
3. PPP
4. LACP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

IGMP, or Internet Group Management Protocol, is used by IPv4 hosts and routers to manage multicast group membership. Hosts can use IGMP messages to indicate that they want to receive traffic addressed to a particular multicast group. Multicast routers use this information to determine where multicast traffic should be forwarded. BFD is designed for rapid detection of forwarding-path failures, PPP provides point-to-point communication, and LACP negotiates link aggregation. IGMP is therefore specifically associated with controlling IPv4 multicast receiver membership and helping routers manage multicast delivery within connected network segments.

Question 288

Which protocol detects forwarding-path failures rapidly?

1. LACP
2. PPP
3. BFD
4. GRE

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

BFD, or Bidirectional Forwarding Detection, is designed to detect failures along forwarding paths quickly. It establishes a lightweight session between participating devices and exchanges control packets at configured intervals. If expected packets stop arriving within the detection period, the devices can identify a forwarding problem and notify associated routing or forwarding mechanisms. Rapid failure detection can help reduce convergence time compared with relying solely on slower routing-protocol timers. LACP manages link aggregation, PPP provides point-to-point connectivity, and GRE provides tunneling. BFD therefore focuses specifically on fast detection of communication-path failures.

Question 289

Which protocol negotiates link aggregation between compatible devices?

1. LACP
2. DNS
3. VRRP
4. NDP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

LACP, or Link Aggregation Control Protocol, is used to dynamically negotiate and maintain link aggregation between compatible network devices. It allows multiple physical interfaces to operate together as an aggregated logical connection. LACP exchanges control information between participating devices to determine suitable member links and monitor their operational state. This can provide additional bandwidth and redundancy while simplifying logical connectivity. DNS performs name resolution, VRRP provides gateway redundancy, and NDP performs important IPv6 neighbor functions. LACP is therefore specifically associated with establishing and maintaining aggregated Ethernet links between network devices.

Question 290

Which protocol is used for point-to-point WAN connections?

1. PPP
2. LDAP
3. HTTP
4. OSPF

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

PPP, or Point-to-Point Protocol, is designed for communication over point-to-point links. It can encapsulate network-layer protocols and provides mechanisms for link establishment, configuration, and authentication. PPP has historically been used on various WAN connections where two endpoints communicate directly over a dedicated or logical link. LDAP provides directory access, HTTP supports web communication, and OSPF is a dynamic routing protocol. PPP can also use authentication mechanisms such as PAP or CHAP depending on the configuration. Therefore, PPP is a suitable protocol for establishing communication across point-to-point network links.

Question 291

Which IPv6 mechanism replaces ARP for neighbor discovery?

1. DHCPv6
2. NDP
3. NAT64
4. IS-IS

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

IPv6 uses Neighbor Discovery Protocol, or NDP, instead of ARP for important local neighbor functions. NDP operates through ICMPv6 messages and supports functions such as discovering neighboring devices, resolving link-layer addresses, and determining router information. It also supports duplicate address detection and other IPv6 configuration processes. DHCPv6 can provide configuration information, NAT64 enables communication between IPv6 and IPv4 environments, and IS-IS is a routing protocol. NDP therefore provides the IPv6 mechanisms needed for discovering neighbors and determining their link-layer information without relying on the IPv4 ARP process.

Question 292

Which IPv6 address prefix identifies link-local addresses?

1. FE80::/10
2. FC00::/7
3. FF00::/8
4. 2000::/3

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

The IPv6 prefix FE80::/10 identifies link-local addresses. These addresses are automatically available on IPv6-enabled interfaces and are intended for communication within the local network segment. Routers do not normally forward link-local traffic between different links. IPv6 routing protocols and neighbor discovery mechanisms commonly rely on link-local addresses for local communication. FC00::/7 represents unique local addressing, FF00::/8 identifies multicast addresses, and 2000::/3 covers global unicast space. Therefore, FE80::/10 is the prefix associated with IPv6 link-local addressing and local-segment communication.

Question 293

Which protocol provides encrypted web communication?

1. HTTP
2. Telnet
3. HTTPS
4. TFTP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

HTTPS provides secure web communication by using HTTP over a protected TLS connection. Encryption helps prevent unauthorized parties from reading or modifying information exchanged between a client and web server. HTTPS is commonly used for websites, management portals, online services, and applications that transmit sensitive information. Plain HTTP does not provide the same transport-level protection, while Telnet is used for remote terminal access and TFTP provides basic file transfer. Therefore, HTTPS is the appropriate protocol when web-based communication requires confidentiality, integrity protection, and authenticated server connections.

Question 294

Which routing protocol is commonly used between autonomous systems?

1. OSPF
2. BGP
3. RIP
4. EIGRP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

BGP, or Border Gateway Protocol, is primarily used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems. It is the principal inter-domain routing protocol used to exchange reachability information across large networks and the Internet. BGP uses path attributes to help determine suitable routes and supports policy-based routing decisions. OSPF is generally used within an autonomous system, while RIP is an interior distance-vector protocol. EIGRP is also commonly used as an interior routing protocol. Therefore, BGP is specifically designed for exchanging routing information between independently administered autonomous systems.

Question 295

Which command displays the device’s software version on Huawei VRP?

1. display current-configuration
2. display clock
3. display version
4. display vlan

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

The Huawei VRP display version command provides information about the device software and hardware environment. The output can include the VRP software version, device model, system uptime, and other platform-related details. Administrators commonly use this command when verifying installed software, troubleshooting compatibility issues, or documenting device information. display current-configuration shows active configuration details, display clock displays the system time, and display vlan provides VLAN-related information. Therefore, display version is the appropriate command when an administrator needs to identify the device’s running software version.

Question 296

Which routing concept selects the route with the longest matching prefix?

1. Route aging
2. Prefix matching
3. Load sharing
4. Metric inversion

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

Longest-prefix matching is the routing principle used to select the most specific route that matches a destination IP address. When multiple routing-table entries can match the same destination, the entry with the longest matching network prefix is generally preferred. For example, a more specific /24 route can be selected instead of a broader /16 route when both cover the destination. This principle allows routing tables to contain both broad and specific paths. Route aging concerns route lifetime, load sharing distributes traffic, and metric inversion is not the mechanism used for selecting the most specific matching route.

Question 297

Which technology separates a switch into logical broadcast domains?

1. VLAN
2. NAT
3. ACL
4. QoS

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

A VLAN, or Virtual Local Area Network, logically separates a physical switch into different broadcast domains. Devices assigned to different VLANs are logically isolated at Layer 2 unless routing or another appropriate mechanism is provided for communication between them. VLANs improve network organization, segmentation, and traffic management without requiring separate physical switches for every logical group. NAT translates addresses, ACLs control traffic according to defined rules, and QoS manages traffic treatment and prioritization. Therefore, VLAN technology is specifically responsible for creating separate logical broadcast domains within a switching environment.

Question 298

Which mechanism filters traffic according to configured rules?

1. ACL
2. NTP
3. DNS
4. LLDP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

An ACL, or Access Control List, uses configured rules to permit or deny traffic according to specified conditions. Depending on the device and configuration, rules can examine characteristics such as source addresses, destination addresses, protocols, or port numbers. ACLs are commonly used to control network access, restrict unwanted communication, and implement traffic-filtering policies on routers and switches. NTP synchronizes time, DNS performs name resolution, and LLDP discovers neighboring devices. Therefore, ACLs provide a structured method for controlling which network traffic is allowed to pass through a particular interface or processing point.

Question 299

Which technology prioritizes delay-sensitive network traffic?

1. QoS
2. RAID
3. VLAN
4. NAT

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

QoS, or Quality of Service, provides mechanisms for managing and prioritizing network traffic according to defined requirements. Delay-sensitive applications such as voice and interactive video can benefit from appropriate QoS policies that prioritize their traffic over less time-sensitive data. QoS can involve classification, marking, queuing, scheduling, policing, and other traffic-management techniques. RAID is related to storage redundancy, VLANs provide logical network segmentation, and NAT translates addresses. Therefore, QoS is the technology used to control traffic treatment when applications have different performance requirements, especially when bandwidth or latency-sensitive services need preferential handling.

Question 300

Which protocol is commonly used to monitor network devices?

1. SNMP
2. SMTP
3. SMB
4. SIP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

SNMP, or Simple Network Management Protocol, is commonly used to monitor and manage network devices. Monitoring systems can use SNMP to collect information such as interface statistics, device status, resource utilization, and operational counters. Network administrators can use this information to identify performance problems, monitor availability, and support capacity planning. SNMP commonly works with managed objects maintained by network devices and management systems. SMTP is associated with email transmission, SMB provides file and resource sharing, and SIP supports communication-session signaling. Therefore, SNMP is the protocol most directly associated with network-device monitoring and management.