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Question 321

Which Ethernet mechanism allows a switch to aggregate multiple physical links?

1. Link aggregation
2. Port mirroring
3. MAC filtering
4. VLAN pruning

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

Link aggregation combines multiple physical interfaces into one logical connection. On Huawei devices, Eth-Trunk commonly provides this functionality. Aggregating links can increase available bandwidth while also providing redundancy if one member link fails. Depending on configuration, technologies such as LACP can dynamically negotiate aggregation membership. The resulting logical interface simplifies network management because upper-layer protocols can treat the bundle as a single connection. Proper configuration requires compatible parameters across member interfaces, including speed, duplex, VLAN settings, and aggregation mode. Link aggregation is widely used between switches, routers, and servers where higher throughput or resilience is required.

Question 322

What does a VLAN access port normally carry?

1. Multiple tagged VLANs
2. One untagged VLAN
3. Only multicast traffic
4. Routed IPv6 packets

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

An access port is normally associated with a single VLAN and connects devices such as computers, printers, or IP phones depending on the design. Frames arriving from a typical endpoint are untagged, and the switch associates them with the configured access VLAN. When frames leave toward the endpoint, they are generally transmitted without an IEEE 802.1Q VLAN tag. This differs from trunk ports, which commonly transport traffic belonging to multiple VLANs. Correct access-port configuration is important because assigning the wrong VLAN can place an endpoint into an unintended broadcast domain and prevent normal network communication.

Question 323

Which STP parameter primarily determines the root bridge?

1. Interface bandwidth
2. MAC table size
3. Bridge ID
4. VLAN description

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

Spanning Tree Protocol selects the root bridge using the Bridge ID. The Bridge ID includes a bridge priority component and a MAC address component. Devices first compare bridge priority values, with the lower value being preferred. If priorities are equal, the MAC address is considered as a tie-breaker. Once the root bridge is selected, other switches calculate their best paths toward it and determine which ports should forward or block traffic. Administrators can influence topology by deliberately configuring bridge priority on the desired root device. This provides predictable Layer 2 forwarding behavior and helps avoid inefficient spanning-tree paths.

Question 324

Which protocol resolves an IPv6 address to a link-layer address?

1. ARP
2. NDP
3. DHCPv4
4. BOOTP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

IPv6 does not use ARP for neighbor address resolution. Instead, Neighbor Discovery Protocol, or NDP, performs functions that include discovering neighboring devices and resolving IPv6 addresses to link-layer addresses. NDP operates through ICMPv6 messages such as Neighbor Solicitation and Neighbor Advertisement. A host can send a Neighbor Solicitation to determine the corresponding Layer 2 address for a destination on the local link. The neighboring device responds with a Neighbor Advertisement containing the required information. This mechanism is an important part of IPv6 operation and replaces several IPv4-era functions associated with ARP and related protocols.

Question 325

What is the main purpose of a DHCP relay agent?

1. Forward client requests remotely
2. Encrypt DHCP messages
3. Assign DNS records
4. Block broadcast traffic

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

DHCP clients commonly begin communication with broadcast messages, which routers normally do not forward between different networks. A DHCP relay agent allows clients on one subnet to obtain addressing information from a DHCP server located on another subnet. The relay receives the client request and forwards it toward the configured DHCP server, then relays the server response back to the client network. This avoids requiring a separate DHCP server on every subnet. Relay functionality is particularly useful in enterprise networks containing many VLANs or routed segments that share centralized address-management infrastructure.

Question 326

Which field helps identify the VLAN associated with an untagged frame on a trunk?

1. Native VLAN
2. Source MAC
3. EtherType
4. Destination IP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

A trunk interface can receive frames that do not contain an explicit VLAN tag under certain configurations. The VLAN assigned to such untagged traffic is commonly determined by the port’s native or default VLAN behavior. On Huawei switches, the PVID identifies the VLAN associated with untagged incoming frames. Understanding this behavior is important when connecting trunk interfaces because mismatched native or PVID settings can cause traffic to enter an unexpected VLAN. Tagged frames already contain VLAN identification information, while untagged frames require the receiving interface to apply its configured VLAN association.

Question 327

Which OSPF packet is exchanged to establish neighbor relationships?

1. Database Description
2. Hello
3. Link State Update
4. Link State Acknowledgment

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

OSPF Hello packets are used to discover and maintain neighboring OSPF routers. They are periodically transmitted through OSPF-enabled interfaces and contain information such as the router ID, area, timers, and network-related parameters. Neighboring routers compare important values to determine whether they can establish an adjacency. Hello messages also help confirm that an existing neighbor remains reachable. Other OSPF packet types serve different purposes after neighbor discovery, including database synchronization and reliable dissemination of link-state information. Therefore, Hello packets form a fundamental starting point for OSPF neighbor discovery and relationship maintenance.

Question 328

Which NAT method maps one private address to one public address permanently?

1. Dynamic NAT
2. PAT
3. Static NAT
4. NAT overload

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

Static NAT creates a fixed one-to-one mapping between an internal private address and an external public address. The same internal address consistently translates to the same public address, making static NAT useful when an internal service needs a predictable externally reachable address. Dynamic NAT also provides address translation but normally selects public addresses from a configured pool as needed. PAT extends translation by allowing multiple internal hosts to share public addresses through transport-layer identifiers. Static NAT therefore fits situations requiring stable address correspondence, such as publishing a particular internal server through a dedicated public address.

Question 329

What does the OSPF router ID uniquely identify?

1. OSPF router
2. VLAN interface
3. Ethernet segment
4. Route destination

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

The OSPF router ID uniquely identifies an OSPF router within an OSPF routing domain. It is represented as a 32-bit value in IPv4-style dotted-decimal notation, even when OSPF operates over interfaces supporting IPv6 concepts in related implementations. Router IDs are used in neighbor relationships, LSAs, and designated-router elections. A stable router ID helps maintain predictable OSPF operation, particularly after interface changes. Administrators can explicitly configure a router ID instead of relying on automatic selection. Choosing a consistent identifier is useful for troubleshooting because routing information can then be associated clearly with the originating router.

Question 330

Which device feature prevents unauthorized source MAC addresses on a switch port?

1. VLAN mapping
2. Port security
3. Traffic shaping
4. Route summarization

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

Port security restricts which source MAC addresses are permitted through a switch interface. This feature can help control endpoint access by allowing specific addresses or limiting the number of learned addresses. When an unauthorized source appears, the configured security action determines how the switch responds, such as dropping traffic or generating an alert. Port security is commonly applied to user-facing access ports where the administrator wants to reduce the risk of unauthorized devices connecting to the network. Its configuration should match the operational environment because overly restrictive settings can unintentionally disrupt legitimate endpoint changes.

Question 331

Which routing protocol uses hop count as its primary metric?

1. OSPF
2. IS-IS
3. RIP
4. BGP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

RIP uses hop count as its primary routing metric. Each router crossed toward a destination adds a hop, and the route with the lowest hop count is normally preferred among available RIP routes. RIP also has a maximum usable hop-count limitation, making it unsuitable for large or highly complex networks. OSPF instead uses a cost-based metric, while BGP primarily evaluates path attributes for route selection. Although RIP is relatively simple to configure and understand, its scalability and convergence characteristics are limited compared with more advanced interior gateway protocols commonly deployed in larger enterprise environments.

Question 332

What is the purpose of an OSPF designated router on a broadcast network?

1. Replace all routers
2. Reduce adjacency overhead
3. Disable multicast
4. Assign IP addresses

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

OSPF elects a Designated Router, or DR, on multi-access broadcast networks to reduce the number of full adjacencies required. Without a DR, every router could need direct adjacency relationships with every other router, creating significant signaling and database synchronization overhead. The DR acts as a central point for exchanging certain link-state information on the shared segment. A Backup Designated Router is also elected to provide continuity if the DR becomes unavailable. This design improves OSPF scalability on Ethernet networks while preserving accurate link-state information across the participating routers.

Question 333

Which IPv4 mechanism divides a network into smaller logical networks?

1. NAT
2. Routing
3. Subnetting
4. Encapsulation

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

Subnetting divides a larger IPv4 network into smaller logical networks by extending the network prefix. A subnet mask or prefix length determines which bits represent the network portion and which represent host addresses. Subnetting allows administrators to organize users, services, and devices into separate IP networks while using address space efficiently. It can also improve routing structure and broadcast containment because each subnet forms a distinct Layer 3 network. Careful subnet planning considers required host capacity, future growth, gateway addresses, and routing boundaries. Subnetting is therefore fundamental to structured IPv4 network design.

Question 334

Which ICMPv6 message helps a host discover routers on its local link?

1. Router Solicitation
2. Echo Reply
3. Redirect
4. Destination Unreachable

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

An IPv6 host can use a Router Solicitation message to request router information from routers on the local link. Routers respond with Router Advertisement messages containing information that can assist hosts with address configuration and default-router discovery. This process is part of IPv6 Neighbor Discovery and uses ICMPv6 rather than DHCP-style mechanisms alone. Router Solicitation is especially useful when a host wants router information without waiting for the next periodic Router Advertisement. Together, Router Solicitation and Router Advertisement support important IPv6 functions such as discovering available routers and obtaining network configuration information.

Question 335

Which route is normally preferred when two routes have equal prefix length but different preferences?

1. Higher preference
2. Lower preference
3. Newer route
4. Longer interface name

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

When multiple routing entries provide the same destination prefix, a router may use route preference to determine which routing source should be selected. In Huawei routing terminology, a lower preference value generally indicates a more preferred route. This allows routes learned through different protocols or configured by different mechanisms to be prioritized. After the preferred routing source is selected, the router can apply additional criteria such as the protocol’s metric when comparing routes from that source. Understanding preference values is important when designing networks that use multiple routing protocols or combine static and dynamic routing.

Question 336

Which Ethernet technology provides full-duplex communication without collisions?

1. Half-duplex Ethernet
2. Full-duplex Ethernet
3. Shared coaxial Ethernet
4. CSMA/CD Ethernet

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

Full-duplex Ethernet allows a device to transmit and receive simultaneously over a dedicated communication path. Because transmission and reception occur independently, traditional Ethernet collision detection is not required in a properly configured full-duplex link. This differs from older shared-media or half-duplex Ethernet environments where devices competed for access to the medium and collisions could occur. Modern switched Ethernet networks commonly operate in full-duplex mode, providing better performance and eliminating collision-related limitations. Both ends of a link should use compatible duplex settings because a mismatch can cause performance problems, retransmissions, and other connectivity issues.

Question 337

Which OSPF area type minimizes certain external route advertisements?

1. Backbone area
2. Stub area
3. Transit segment
4. Broadcast area

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

An OSPF stub area is designed to reduce the amount of external routing information that must be maintained inside the area. Instead of carrying certain external routes individually, a default route can be used to reach destinations outside the area. This can simplify the routing database and reduce resource requirements on routers within smaller branch environments. OSPF supports several specialized area types, each with different rules regarding external and summary information. Stub-area design must be consistent among participating routers because incompatible area configurations can prevent OSPF adjacencies from forming correctly.

Question 338

What does a switch use to learn the source location of an Ethernet frame?

1. Destination IP
2. Source MAC
3. VLAN name
4. TCP port

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

A Layer 2 switch learns source MAC addresses by examining incoming Ethernet frames. When a frame arrives, the switch associates the source MAC address with the interface and VLAN where the frame was received. This information is stored in the MAC address table and later helps the switch determine where to forward frames destined for known devices. The destination MAC address is used for forwarding decisions, while the source MAC address provides the information needed for learning. Dynamic MAC learning allows switches to adapt automatically as devices move between interfaces or network segments.

Question 339

Which IPv6 address scope is intended for communication only within a local link?

1. Link-local
2. Global unicast
3. Unique local
4. Multicast global

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

IPv6 link-local addresses are designed for communication within the local network segment and are not routed between links. They are commonly used for neighbor discovery, router communication, and other local-link functions. Link-local addresses typically use the FE80::/10 prefix range. Every IPv6-enabled interface can use a link-local address, and many IPv6 routing protocols rely on these addresses for local protocol communication. Because routers do not normally forward link-local traffic between different links, these addresses are unsuitable for general end-to-end communication across routed networks. They remain essential for normal IPv6 neighbor and routing operations.

Question 340

Which command displays the MAC address table on a Huawei switch?

1. display arp
2. display vlan
3. display mac-address
4. display ip routing-table

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

The Huawei command display mac-address is used to view entries in the switch’s MAC address table. The table shows learned Layer 2 information that helps the device determine which interface should receive traffic destined for a particular MAC address. Administrators can use this information when troubleshooting switching behavior, verifying MAC learning, or investigating unexpected endpoint locations. Other display commands provide different information: ARP focuses on IP-to-MAC mappings, VLAN commands show VLAN configuration, and routing-table commands display Layer 3 routes. Selecting the correct diagnostic command makes switch troubleshooting faster and more precise.