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Question 81

Which Linux command is commonly used to display the contents of the current directory?

1. pwd
2. ls
3. chmod
4. grep

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The ls command displays the contents of a directory in Linux and other Unix-like operating systems. Technicians can use it to view files and subdirectories and can add options to display additional information such as permissions, ownership, file sizes, and timestamps. The pwd command instead displays the current working directory. Commands such as chmod modify permissions rather than simply listing directory contents. Understanding basic Linux commands is useful when supporting systems where graphical management tools are unavailable or limited.

Question 82

Which Linux command displays the full path of the directory in which the user is currently working?

1. pwd
2. ls
3. mkdir
4. rm

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The pwd command means print working directory and displays the full path of the user’s current location in the Linux file system. It is useful when navigating through directories from a command-line interface because technicians can confirm exactly where they are before creating, modifying, or deleting files. The ls command lists directory contents, while mkdir creates directories and rm removes files or directories. Verifying the current path is especially important before performing administrative commands that could affect multiple files.

Question 83

Which Linux command changes file or directory permissions?

1. chown
2. chmod
3. ps
4. df

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The chmod command modifies permissions assigned to files and directories in Linux. Permissions commonly control whether the owner, group, or other users can read, write, or execute an object. Technicians can use symbolic or numeric permission modes depending on the required configuration. The chown command changes ownership rather than permissions. Incorrect permissions can prevent legitimate applications or users from accessing resources, while excessive permissions can create security risks. Changes should therefore follow the principle of least privilege.

Question 84

Which Linux command is commonly used to change the owner of a file?

1. chmod
2. chown
3. grep
4. top

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The chown command changes the ownership of files or directories in Linux. Ownership can be assigned to a specific user and, when appropriate, a group. This is useful when files have been created under the wrong account or when application resources need to be associated with the correct service account. The technician should verify the intended ownership before making changes because incorrect ownership can affect application operation and security. Permissions should also be reviewed after changing ownership to ensure the overall access model remains appropriate.

Question 85

A Linux technician wants to monitor processes and resource usage interactively from the command line. Which command is commonly used?

1. top
2. mkdir
3. passwd
4. mount

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The top command provides a continuously updated view of running processes and system resource usage in Linux. It can display CPU utilization, memory consumption, process identifiers, and other information useful for diagnosing performance problems. A technician can use the output to identify processes consuming excessive resources. Other Linux tools can provide similar or more specialized information, but top is a commonly available command for interactive process monitoring. It is particularly useful when troubleshooting systems without a graphical desktop environment.

Question 86

Which macOS feature provides a graphical interface for managing applications, users, storage, and other system settings?

1. System Settings
2. Terminal only
3. Activity Monitor only
4. Disk Utility only

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

System Settings provides the primary graphical interface for configuring many macOS system preferences. Depending on the macOS version, it can be used to manage users, network settings, privacy controls, displays, notifications, and other operating system features. Technicians should use the appropriate settings area based on the problem being investigated. Activity Monitor is more focused on processes and resource usage, while Disk Utility focuses on storage devices and volumes. System Settings provides broader operating system configuration capabilities.

Question 87

Which macOS utility is used to view CPU, memory, energy, disk, and network activity?

1. Activity Monitor
2. Finder
3. Keychain Access
4. Boot Camp Assistant

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Activity Monitor provides real-time information about resource utilization and running processes on macOS. Technicians can use it to identify applications consuming excessive CPU or memory and investigate processes associated with performance problems. It also provides information about disk and network activity and can help identify applications that are not responding. Activity Monitor is similar in purpose to Task Manager in Windows, although the interfaces and operating system features differ. Technicians should avoid terminating system processes unless their purpose is understood.

Question 88

A macOS user wants to manage stored passwords and certificates. Which utility should be used?

1. Disk Utility
2. Keychain Access
3. Activity Monitor
4. Migration Assistant

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Keychain Access is a macOS utility used to manage stored credentials, passwords, certificates, keys, and other security-related information. It can be useful when troubleshooting authentication problems involving saved credentials or certificates. Technicians should handle keychain information carefully because it can contain sensitive authentication data. Removing or changing stored credentials may cause applications or services to request authentication again. When investigating a credential problem, the technician should first determine whether the stored item is incorrect, expired, or associated with the wrong account.

Question 89

Which macOS utility is primarily used to manage disks, partitions, and volumes?

1. Disk Utility
2. Console
3. Activity Monitor
4. Keychain Access

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Disk Utility is the macOS tool used to view and manage storage devices, partitions, and volumes. It can perform supported tasks such as formatting, partitioning, mounting, unmounting, and checking storage structures. Technicians may also use its repair capabilities when troubleshooting certain file system issues. Storage modifications should be performed carefully because formatting or partitioning can result in data loss. Before making destructive changes, important data should be backed up and the correct disk or volume should be confirmed.

Question 90

A technician needs to transfer a user’s files and settings from one Mac to another Mac. Which utility is designed for this purpose?

1. Migration Assistant
2. Activity Monitor
3. Disk Utility
4. Console

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Migration Assistant is designed to help transfer supported user accounts, applications, documents, and settings from one Mac or compatible source to another. It can simplify the process of moving users to a replacement computer. The technician should verify available storage, compatibility, network or cable connections, and backup status before starting a migration. Migration should be planned carefully because applications may require reauthentication or compatibility checks after the transfer. Important data should still have a separate backup.

Question 91

Which security control prevents a user from accessing an account after too many failed authentication attempts?

1. Account lockout
2. File compression
3. Disk defragmentation
4. Screen calibration

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Account lockout policies can temporarily or permanently prevent an account from authenticating after a configured number of failed login attempts. This helps reduce the effectiveness of repeated password-guessing attacks. Organizations can configure thresholds and lockout durations according to security requirements. Technicians should distinguish account lockout from password expiration because they address different situations. When a legitimate user is locked out, the technician should follow the organization’s identity-verification and account-recovery procedures rather than bypassing security controls.

Question 92

Which authentication method uses a person’s physical characteristic, such as a fingerprint, to verify identity?

1. Knowledge factor
2. Possession factor
3. Biometric factor
4. Location factor

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Biometric authentication uses a measurable physical or behavioral characteristic to verify a user’s identity. Examples include fingerprints, facial recognition, iris patterns, and certain voice characteristics. Biometrics are generally categorized as something the user is, while passwords represent something the user knows and security tokens represent something the user has. Biometric authentication can provide convenient identity verification, but organizations should consider privacy, device compatibility, recovery procedures, and alternative authentication methods when deploying biometric systems.

Question 93

A company requires employees to use a password and a hardware security token to sign in. Which authentication model is being used?

1. Multifactor authentication
2. Single-factor authentication
3. Anonymous authentication
4. Guest authentication

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Using a password together with a hardware security token is an example of multifactor authentication because it combines two different authentication factor categories: something the user knows and something the user has. MFA provides additional protection if one factor is compromised. For example, a stolen password alone may not be sufficient to access the account without the token. Technicians should ensure that recovery and replacement procedures exist for lost tokens while maintaining the security requirements of the authentication system.

Question 94

Which type of social engineering attack uses a fraudulent phone call to convince a victim to disclose sensitive information?

1. Vishing
2. Smishing
3. Tailgating
4. Pharming

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Vishing is voice-based phishing performed through telephone calls or other voice communication. An attacker may impersonate a bank employee, technician, manager, or other trusted person to persuade a victim to reveal passwords, verification codes, financial information, or other sensitive data. Technicians should educate users not to provide confidential information merely because a caller appears convincing. Suspicious requests should be independently verified using trusted contact information rather than the phone number or instructions provided by the caller.

Question 95

A user receives a malicious text message containing a link that attempts to steal account credentials. What type of attack is this?

1. Smishing
2. Vishing
3. Shoulder surfing
4. Tailgating

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Smishing is phishing conducted through SMS or other text messaging services. Attackers may send fake delivery notifications, account alerts, payment requests, or other messages designed to persuade users to click malicious links or disclose information. Users should avoid opening suspicious links and should verify unexpected requests through official applications or trusted websites. Technicians can help reduce smishing risks through security awareness training, mobile-device protections, and clear procedures for reporting suspicious messages.

Question 96

Which malware characteristic allows malicious software to spread automatically from one computer to another without requiring a user to manually execute each copy?

1. Worm behavior
2. Spyware behavior
3. Adware behavior
4. Keylogging behavior

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A worm is malware capable of self-propagation across systems, often by exploiting vulnerabilities or available network connections. Unlike malware that relies heavily on a user manually opening a file, a worm can automatically spread once it gains access to a vulnerable environment. Technicians can reduce worm propagation through timely patching, network segmentation, endpoint security, access controls, and appropriate firewall rules. If a worm infection is suspected, affected systems may need to be isolated to limit further spread while the incident is investigated.

Question 97

Which backup type copies all selected data each time the backup is performed?

1. Incremental
2. Differential
3. Full
4. Snapshot-only

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

A full backup copies all selected data during each backup operation. Because every backup contains the complete selected data set, restoring from a full backup is generally straightforward. However, full backups typically require more storage space and can take longer to complete than incremental backups. Incremental backups copy data changed since the previous backup, while differential backups copy data changed since the last full backup. Organizations select backup methods based on recovery requirements, available storage, network capacity, and scheduling needs.

Question 98

Which backup type copies data changed since the most recent full backup?

1. Incremental
2. Differential
3. Full
4. Mirror-only

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A differential backup copies data that has changed since the most recent full backup. As additional differential backups are created, they generally become larger because they continue including changes made since that original full backup. During recovery, a typical differential strategy requires the most recent full backup and the latest differential backup. This differs from incremental backups, where each backup contains changes since the previous backup. Understanding these differences helps technicians select and restore backup sets correctly.

Question 99

A technician discovers that a user has installed unauthorized browser extensions that display unwanted advertisements. What should the technician do?

1. Investigate and remove unauthorized extensions according to policy
2. Disable all operating system security controls
3. Replace the computer immediately
4. Delete the user’s entire profile without investigation

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Unauthorized browser extensions can introduce unwanted advertisements, modify browser behavior, collect information, or create security risks. The technician should identify the extensions involved, determine whether they are permitted, and remove or disable them according to organizational policy. The system should also be checked for related unwanted software or malware when appropriate. Removing the extensions without investigating their source may leave additional unwanted components behind. Documentation should record the actions taken and any relevant findings for future troubleshooting.

Question 100

A technician is preparing to troubleshoot a customer’s computer remotely. What should be done before accessing the system?

1. Obtain appropriate authorization and verify the customer’s identity
2. Disable the firewall permanently
3. Delete existing support records
4. Share the customer’s password with another user

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Remote troubleshooting should begin with appropriate authorization and verification that the technician is working on the correct system and with the correct user. This protects customer privacy and prevents unauthorized access. The technician should explain the purpose of the session and follow organizational procedures for remote support. Credentials and sensitive information should never be shared unnecessarily. After troubleshooting, remote access should be terminated or disabled when no longer required, and the support ticket should document the relevant actions and outcome.