View Full Cisco CCNP 300-425 Exam Dumps and Practice Test Dumps.

Question 21. Which survey operates without associating to an access point

1. Active survey
2. Passive survey
3. Voice survey
4. Throughput survey

Correct Answer: 2. Passive survey

Explanation:

A passive wireless survey operates in a listen only mode. The survey client does not associate with access points and instead listens to wireless transmissions such as beacon frames. This approach is useful for evaluating downlink signal coverage, identifying rogue devices, locating RF trouble areas, and validating the general radio environment. Because the client does not exchange normal application data with an AP, a passive survey provides limited information about uplink performance, retransmissions, and actual data rates. Active surveys are required when those client interaction metrics need to be measured.

Question 22. Which survey requires the survey client to associate with an AP

1. Predictive survey
2. Spectrum survey
3. Passive survey
4. Active survey

Correct Answer: 4. Active survey

Explanation:

An active survey requires the survey client to associate with an access point and exchange wireless traffic. Because the client participates as a normal wireless station, the survey can measure information such as data rates, retransmissions, roaming behavior, and actual connection quality. Active surveys provide more information about the real client experience than passive surveys. Cisco describes both BSSID based and SSID based active survey methods. The SSID method is commonly useful for post deployment validation because the client can roam among several access points while survey measurements are collected.

Question 23. What does SNR compare in a wireless network

1. Signal power with background noise
2. AP power with switch power
3. Client count with AP count
4. Channel width with data rate

Correct Answer: 1. Signal power with background noise

Explanation:

Signal to Noise Ratio compares the desired wireless signal with the background RF noise present in the environment. A higher SNR generally indicates that the received signal stands out clearly from the noise and can support more reliable communication. A low SNR can lead to reduced data rates, retransmissions, and unstable client connectivity even when the absolute signal level appears usable. Wireless designers therefore consider both signal strength and noise during site survey analysis. Cisco lists SNR as an important wireless client and post deployment survey metric.

Question 24. What signal strength does Cisco recommend as a minimum for many voice designs

1. Negative 50 dBm
2. Negative 80 dBm
3. Negative 67 dBm
4. Negative 90 dBm

Correct Answer: 3. Negative 67 dBm

Explanation:

Cisco site survey guidance identifies negative 67 dBm as a commonly recommended minimum signal strength for wireless voice applications. Voice traffic is sensitive to packet loss, delay, and roaming interruptions, so designs usually require stronger and more consistent coverage than basic data networks. The requirement should be considered at cell edges and throughout expected roaming paths. Signal strength alone is not sufficient because noise, interference, channel utilization, and client capabilities also affect voice performance. Cisco also recommends an appropriate minimum SNR when validating voice coverage.

Question 25. What SNR does Cisco recommend as a minimum for many voice designs

1. 5 dB
2. 25 dB
3. 10 dB
4. 15 dB

Correct Answer: 2. 25 dB

Explanation:

Cisco wireless site survey guidance identifies 25 dB as a commonly recommended minimum SNR for voice applications. This means the desired signal should remain sufficiently stronger than the background noise throughout the intended voice coverage area. A strong RSSI with excessive noise can still produce poor voice quality, retransmissions, and unstable roaming. For that reason, voice validation should examine both signal strength and SNR instead of relying on one measurement. Cisco also identifies negative 67 dBm as a common minimum signal strength target for wireless voice coverage.

Question 26. Which tool is used to visualize RF interference across channels

1. Chanalyzer
2. DHCP server
3. Routing table
4. DNS resolver

Correct Answer: 1. Chanalyzer

Explanation:

Chanalyzer is one of the planning and analysis tools explicitly listed in the Cisco 300 425 exam blueprint. It is used with spectrum analysis data to visualize RF energy and help identify interference that may not originate from normal WiFi devices. Wireless designers use spectrum analysis when investigating Layer 1 conditions that ordinary client based surveys cannot fully explain. This is useful for locating interference sources and understanding channel quality before finalizing access point placement or radio settings. Cisco also lists spectrum analyzers, Ekahau, and Hamina as relevant design tools.

Question 27. What is a benefit of AP Site Survey mode on supported Catalyst APs

1. It requires a controller
2. It disables all radios
3. It works only after production deployment
4. It can operate as a standalone survey AP

Correct Answer: 4. It can operate as a standalone survey AP

Explanation:

Site Survey mode allows supported Cisco Catalyst access points to operate in a limited standalone mode without requiring a wireless controller. The AP can broadcast survey SSIDs and provide local DHCP service so wireless clients can connect during testing. Administrators can configure RF parameters such as channel, channel width, transmit power, SSID, and data rates through the AP interface. This is useful when conducting pre deployment surveys because a single AP can be temporarily placed at candidate locations to measure actual propagation and client behavior before permanent infrastructure is installed.

Question 28. What should a new 6 GHz wireless project include

1. Only the old 2.4 GHz survey
2. No site survey
3. A dedicated 6 GHz site survey
4. Only wired testing

Correct Answer: 3. A dedicated 6 GHz site survey

Explanation:

Cisco recommends that a new 6 GHz wireless project include a dedicated 6 GHz site survey. Designers should not assume that an existing 2.4 GHz or 5 GHz deployment automatically provides the required 6 GHz coverage. Propagation behavior and available transmit power can differ across frequency bands, and building materials can affect the higher frequency differently. Existing access point positions can sometimes provide good 6 GHz coverage, but this should be validated rather than assumed. A dedicated survey confirms that application coverage and capacity requirements are actually satisfied in the new band.

Question 29. What is the purpose of N plus 1 controller redundancy

1. One backup controller supports multiple primary controllers
2. Every AP becomes a controller
3. Every controller requires a dedicated backup pair
4. Controllers share one active IP address

Correct Answer: 1. One backup controller supports multiple primary controllers

Explanation:

In an N plus 1 high availability design, one backup wireless controller can provide redundancy for multiple primary controllers. This approach can reduce cost compared with deploying a dedicated standby controller for every primary. The controllers remain independent and do not share interface addresses or automatically synchronize all configuration. Cisco recommends maintaining equivalent WLAN, policy, RF, mobility, tag, and AP mapping configuration so access points receive consistent service after failover. N plus 1 is particularly useful when controllers are located in geographically separate data centers or across Layer 3 networks.

Question 30. What type of failover is N plus 1 controller redundancy

1. Fully stateful
2. Client only stateful
3. AP only stateful
4. Stateless

Correct Answer: 4. Stateless

Explanation:

Cisco N plus 1 controller redundancy is stateless. The controllers do not continuously share AP and client state information. When a primary controller fails, the access point CAPWAP state machine restarts and the AP joins the configured backup controller. Clients can therefore experience more disruption than with stateful controller redundancy. The backup controller must also have sufficient capacity to support the APs that may fail over to it. Cisco recommends consistent configuration between primary and backup controllers to reduce additional service disruption when APs move between controllers.

Question 31. What does controller SSO preserve during a supported failover

1. Only DNS cache
2. AP and client state
3. Only switch configuration
4. Only DHCP leases

Correct Answer: 2. AP and client state

Explanation:

Stateful Switchover provides a hot standby controller that maintains synchronized operational state with the active controller. In supported HA SSO designs, access point and client state information is preserved so failover can occur with far less interruption than stateless N plus 1 redundancy. The standby controller takes over the active role when a controller or network failure triggers switchover. Cisco includes SSO as a major controller high availability design topic in the 300 425 blueprint because state preservation is essential for environments that require minimal wireless service interruption.

Question 32. What can increase AP failover time in an N plus 1 design

1. Same controller software version
2. Lower AP transmit power
3. Different software versions between controllers
4. Using the same WLAN names

Correct Answer: 3. Different software versions between controllers

Explanation:

If the primary and backup controllers run different software versions, an access point may need to download new software when it joins the backup controller. This additional download and reboot process increases failover time. Cisco therefore recommends maintaining consistent controller configurations and carefully planning software compatibility in N plus 1 designs. Although the controllers are independent and can technically run different versions, the operational impact on AP recovery should be considered. A design intended for faster recovery generally benefits from keeping controller software aligned whenever supported and practical.

Question 33. What does AP fallback do when the preferred primary controller returns

1. Moves the AP back to the primary controller
2. Permanently disables the AP
3. Keeps the AP on the backup forever
4. Converts the AP to mesh mode

Correct Answer: 1. Moves the AP back to the primary controller

Explanation:

When AP fallback is enabled, an access point that moved to a backup controller because of a failure can return to its configured primary controller after that controller becomes available again. This provides predictable controller assignment under normal conditions. Designers should consider the effect of fallback on clients because an AP controller move can cause temporary disruption. The controller capacity and primary, secondary, and tertiary assignments should therefore be planned so access points have valid destinations during both failure and recovery events. Cisco includes AP fallback explicitly in the WLAN high availability blueprint.

Question 34. Which APs receive preference when a backup controller reaches capacity

1. APs with the longest uptime
2. APs with the lowest MAC address
3. APs with the highest configured priority
4. APs with the lowest transmit power

Correct Answer: 3. APs with the highest configured priority

Explanation:

In an N plus 1 design, access points configured with higher priority receive preference when joining a backup controller with limited remaining capacity. Cisco notes that high priority APs can connect first even when this causes lower priority APs to lose their place on the backup controller. AP prioritization allows the wireless design to protect the most important coverage areas during controller failure. Critical locations such as emergency areas, executive spaces, or business essential operational zones can therefore receive higher AP priority than areas where temporary loss of wireless service is less disruptive.

Question 35. What distinguishes a mesh RAP from a MAP

1. A RAP has a wired network connection
2. A RAP cannot carry client traffic
3. A RAP uses no backhaul radio
4. A RAP never joins a controller

Correct Answer: 1. A RAP has a wired network connection

Explanation:

A Root Access Point has a wired connection toward the controller or wired network and provides the root of the wireless mesh backhaul. Mesh Access Points connect wirelessly through the mesh toward a RAP and ultimately to the controller. A mesh deployment must contain at least one RAP. Both RAPs and MAPs can support wireless client access, although RAP placement such as rooftop locations may not always be ideal for client coverage. The distinction between wired RAP connectivity and wireless MAP backhaul is fundamental when designing Cisco mesh and bridging topologies.

Question 36. How does a typical MAP reach the controller

1. Through a direct fiber link only
2. Through wireless mesh backhaul
3. Through a local DNS server
4. Through an SSL VPN

Correct Answer: 2. Through wireless mesh backhaul

Explanation:

A Mesh Access Point typically reaches the wireless controller through wireless backhaul links that eventually terminate at a Root Access Point. MAPs can communicate through other MAPs when necessary, creating a multi hop mesh path. The RAP has the wired connection toward the controller or network. This allows Cisco mesh networks to extend wireless service to areas where running Ethernet to every access point is difficult. Designers must still consider backhaul capacity, path quality, hop count, antenna placement, and line of sight because client traffic and mesh infrastructure traffic share the wireless design.

Question 37. Which protocol selects the best path through a Cisco mesh

1. AWPP
2. OSPF
3. BGP
4. STP

Correct Answer: 1. AWPP

Explanation:

Cisco mesh access points use Adaptive Wireless Path Protocol to determine the preferred wireless path through the mesh toward the Root Access Point and controller. MAPs can communicate with neighboring mesh access points and evaluate possible backhaul paths. The selected path can change as wireless conditions change. This behavior is different from ordinary wired routing protocols such as OSPF or BGP. Designers should provide good RF backhaul conditions so AWPP has suitable paths available and does not need to rely on weak or excessively long multi hop links.

Question 38. What is especially important for a reliable outdoor mesh backhaul link

1. DNS TTL
2. Client username length
3. Controller GUI settings
4. Clear line of sight

Correct Answer: 4. Clear line of sight

Explanation:

Clear line of sight is especially important for outdoor mesh and bridge backhaul links. Cisco mesh design guidance emphasizes evaluating expected distance, data rate, obstacles, antenna placement, and the RF path between access points. At 5 GHz, obstructions can significantly reduce link quality, particularly over longer distances. Directional antennas can help concentrate energy for suitable point links, but proper path design remains essential. Cisco recommends performing a site survey rather than relying only on theoretical distance estimates because terrain, buildings, vegetation, and other environmental factors can affect actual mesh performance.

Question 39. Which requirement belongs to logical wireless infrastructure planning

1. Ceiling material only
2. WLC and AP licensing
3. Wall thickness only
4. Antenna mounting height only

Correct Answer: 2. WLC and AP licensing

Explanation:

Wireless controller and access point licensing is identified by Cisco as a logical infrastructure design requirement. A wireless design must determine which architecture is being used and what licensing is needed to support the expected controllers, access points, features, and deployment model. This is different from physical infrastructure planning, which focuses on power, cabling, switch ports, mounting, and grounding. Licensing should be considered before deployment so hardware does not arrive without the entitlements required to operate at the intended scale. Cisco explicitly includes licensing in the 300 425 infrastructure blueprint.

Question 40. Which tool category is best for finding non WiFi interference

1. DHCP analyzer
2. Routing debugger
3. Spectrum analyzer
4. DNS monitor

Correct Answer: 3. Spectrum analyzer

Explanation:

A spectrum analyzer measures RF energy across frequency ranges and helps identify interference that is not necessarily generated by WiFi devices. This is important because standard wireless scanning tools mainly interpret 802.11 information and may not clearly identify other transmitters operating in the same spectrum. Examples can include microwave ovens, cameras, or other RF systems. Layer 1 spectrum analysis allows the designer to understand channel quality and interference before finalizing wireless placement and channel planning. Cisco explicitly lists spectrum analyzers and related tools such as Chanalyzer in the 300 425 site survey objectives.