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Question 281. What data does FastLocate primarily use for connected client tracking

1. DHCP requests
2. RSSI from data packets
3. Controller logs
4. DNS queries

Correct Answer: 2. RSSI from data packets

Explanation:

FastLocate improves wireless client location tracking by collecting received signal strength information from data packets received by access points. Traditional location tracking depends heavily on probe requests, but modern clients may send probe requests less frequently to conserve battery power. Using normal client data traffic provides additional measurement opportunities and allows the location system to refresh positions more frequently. Cisco Spaces can use this information to provide more timely location updates for connected devices. FastLocate improves update frequency rather than simply depending on occasional client scanning behavior.

Question 282. What is the main benefit of FastLocate

1. Higher AP transmit power
2. Larger DHCP scopes
3. Additional WLANs
4. Faster location updates

Correct Answer: 4. Faster location updates

Explanation:

The primary benefit of FastLocate is a higher location refresh rate for connected wireless clients. Traditional location systems often rely on probe request frames, but the frequency of those frames varies according to the client device, operating system, battery condition, and activity. FastLocate also collects location related RSSI information from normal client data traffic. This provides more measurement opportunities and allows Cisco Spaces to update client positions more frequently. The feature improves how quickly movement is reflected in the location platform, which is useful for analytics and location based services.

Question 283. Which WLAN forwarding modes support Cisco FastLocate

1. Central switching and FlexConnect local switching
2. Sniffer mode only
3. Monitor mode only
4. Mesh bridge mode only

Correct Answer: 1. Central switching and FlexConnect local switching

Explanation:

Cisco FastLocate is supported with both centrally switched WLANs and FlexConnect locally switched WLANs. This allows enterprises to use improved client location refresh capabilities in campus environments and distributed branch architectures. FastLocate collects RSSI information from wireless traffic received by access points and sends relevant location data toward Cisco Spaces. Support for FlexConnect is particularly useful because branch wireless traffic can remain locally switched while location information is still collected. Designers therefore do not need to centralize all client data traffic simply to obtain FastLocate location updates.

Question 284. What does probe RSSI information help Cisco CMX calculate

1. Switch utilization
2. DHCP lease duration
3. Client location
4. Controller licensing

Correct Answer: 3. Client location

Explanation:

Access points can collect received signal strength information from wireless client probe requests and forward this information through the wireless controller. Cisco CMX can then use measurements received from several access points to estimate the location of the wireless client. Probe RSSI information can also support functions such as coverage hole detection and load balancing. Accurate location depends on receiving useful measurements from multiple access points and on the quality of the physical RF design. Probe based location remains useful even though FastLocate can supplement it with measurements collected from client data traffic.

Question 285. What is the default state of unacknowledged probe filtering

1. Enabled
2. Disabled
3. Monitor only
4. FlexConnect only

Correct Answer: 1. Enabled

Explanation:

Cisco enables filtering of unacknowledged probe requests by default. The purpose is to improve the quality of probe RSSI information used for wireless location calculations. Unacknowledged probes can provide less reliable location information because the receiving relationship between the client and AP is less certain. Filtering them can improve the measurement set sent toward the location system. Administrators can disable the filter when they specifically need both acknowledged and unacknowledged probe requests forwarded to the controller, but the default configuration favors improved location accuracy.

Question 286. What is the default probe report limit per client interval

1. Ten probes every second
2. Five probes every second
3. One probe every second
4. Two probes every 500 milliseconds

Correct Answer: 4. Two probes every 500 milliseconds

Explanation:

Cisco documents the default probe reporting limit as two probe requests during an interval of 500 milliseconds for the same client. The controller allows administrators to modify both the number of probes and the reporting interval when different location requirements apply. Limiting probe reports reduces unnecessary processing while still providing measurement information for location services. Increasing the amount of probe information can provide more measurement data but also increases controller and access point processing. Designers should therefore balance location update requirements with the scale of the wireless deployment.

Question 287. Which probe RSSI algorithm provides greater accuracy with higher CPU usage

1. Simple
2. RSSI average
3. Round Robin
4. Least Load

Correct Answer: 2. RSSI average

Explanation:

The RSSI average algorithm provides more accurate probe RSSI measurement processing but requires greater CPU resources than the simpler algorithm. Cisco allows administrators to select between the more accurate RSSI average method and a faster simple method with lower processing overhead. Location focused environments may prefer the more accurate calculation when controller resources and deployment scale allow it. Large environments must consider the tradeoff between location precision and processing requirements. Cisco identifies RSSI average as the default algorithm in the referenced Catalyst 9800 configuration guidance.

Question 288. Which probe RSSI algorithm uses less CPU but provides lower accuracy

1. RSSI average
2. Hyperlocation
3. Simple
4. Fast Transition

Correct Answer: 3. Simple

Explanation:

The simple probe RSSI algorithm uses less controller CPU than the RSSI average method but provides less accurate location measurement processing. This option can be useful when reducing processing overhead is more important than obtaining the highest available probe based location precision. Cisco allows administrators to select the algorithm according to operational requirements. The decision should consider controller scale, the importance of location services, and how frequently measurements are received. Location performance also depends on access point placement and RF geometry, so changing the algorithm alone cannot correct a poor physical location design.

Question 289. Which packets does traditional WiFi location tracking commonly rely on

1. ARP replies
2. DHCP offers
3. CAPWAP echoes
4. Probe requests

Correct Answer: 4. Probe requests

Explanation:

Traditional WiFi client location tracking commonly relies on probe request frames transmitted by wireless devices while they scan for nearby networks. Multiple access points can receive those frames and measure their RSSI. The measurements are then used to estimate the client’s position. Modern devices often probe less frequently to conserve battery power, which can reduce location update frequency. Cisco FastLocate addresses this limitation by also gathering RSSI information from normal data packets. This provides more opportunities to update the location of an actively communicating client.

Question 290. What is the maximum external antenna gain configurable in the referenced Catalyst AP settings

1. 20 dBi
2. 5 dBi
3. 10 dBi
4. 40 dBi

Correct Answer: 1. 20 dBi

Explanation:

Cisco Catalyst AP configuration documentation lists a maximum configurable external antenna gain of 20 dBi for the referenced radio settings. The controller command represents gain in increments of one half dBi, with the configured numeric range corresponding to that maximum. Correct antenna gain information is important because the wireless system uses antenna characteristics when determining effective radiated power and regulatory compliance. Administrators should enter the actual supported antenna gain rather than an arbitrary value. Some newer access points can automatically determine the gain when compatible self identifying antennas are connected.

Question 291. What does a self identifying antenna allow a supported AP to learn automatically

1. Client password
2. DHCP server
3. Antenna gain
4. Mobility group name

Correct Answer: 3. Antenna gain

Explanation:

A self identifying antenna allows a compatible Cisco access point to automatically learn the antenna gain. This reduces the need for an administrator to manually configure the external antenna gain on the controller. Correct gain information is important because transmit power calculations and regulatory limits depend on antenna characteristics. Cisco notes that support varies by access point model. Some Catalyst APs fully recognize compatible self identifying antennas, while other models can use those antennas but do not automatically detect and apply their gain values. Designers should verify the capability of the selected AP model before deployment.

Question 292. Which Catalyst AP model listed by Cisco supports automatic SIA gain detection

1. Catalyst 9115E only
2. Catalyst 9120E
3. Every Cisco AP
4. No external antenna AP

Correct Answer: 2. Catalyst 9120E

Explanation:

Cisco documentation identifies the Catalyst 9120E as a model that supports self identifying antennas and can automatically learn the connected antenna gain. The Catalyst 9130E is another example with this capability. By contrast, the referenced Catalyst 9115E can work with self identifying antennas but does not automatically detect and apply their correct external gain. Automatic gain detection simplifies deployment and reduces the risk of incorrect regulatory power calculations caused by manual configuration errors. AP and antenna compatibility should therefore be checked during physical wireless design.

Question 293. What is the default maximum mesh hop count shown in Cisco Catalyst 9800 mesh configuration

1. Four
2. Two
3. Eight
4. Ten

Correct Answer: 1. Four

Explanation:

Cisco Catalyst 9800 mesh configuration displays a default maximum hop count of four. A hop represents movement through another mesh access point on the wireless backhaul path toward the Root Access Point. Additional hops can reduce available throughput and increase latency because wireless backhaul resources must carry traffic across several links. Designers should therefore prefer efficient mesh paths rather than building unnecessarily deep topologies. The hop count alarm criteria helps identify deployments where the mesh path has grown beyond the intended design limits and may require an additional RAP or improved physical placement.

Question 294. What is the recommended maximum number of children for a mesh MAP

1. Five
2. Fifteen
3. Twenty
4. Ten

Correct Answer: 4. Ten

Explanation:

Cisco Catalyst 9800 mesh configuration identifies ten as the recommended maximum number of child mesh access points for a MAP. A MAP can act as a parent for other mesh nodes, but allowing too many children can concentrate excessive backhaul traffic through one wireless node. This can reduce overall mesh capacity and increase the impact of a parent failure. Mesh design should distribute backhaul paths appropriately and account for the amount of client and bridged traffic passing through each parent. The recommended child value provides an operational threshold for monitoring mesh topology quality.

Question 295. What is the recommended maximum number of children for a mesh RAP

1. Ten
2. Twenty
3. Thirty
4. Forty

Correct Answer: 2. Twenty

Explanation:

Cisco lists twenty as the recommended maximum number of child mesh access points for a Root Access Point. The RAP connects the wireless mesh backhaul to the wired network and therefore serves as an important aggregation point for downstream mesh traffic. Although a RAP can support more children than a MAP in the recommended topology, designers should still consider backhaul bandwidth, client traffic, link quality, and failure impact. Excessive concentration of mesh nodes behind one RAP can create a capacity bottleneck and reduce overall resilience.

Question 296. What low link SNR threshold is shown in the default mesh alarm criteria

1. 5 dB
2. 25 dB
3. 12 dB
4. 40 dB

Correct Answer: 3. 12 dB

Explanation:

Cisco Catalyst 9800 mesh configuration shows a low link SNR alarm threshold of 12 dB. Signal to Noise Ratio indicates how strongly the desired mesh signal stands above background noise. A low SNR can result in reduced modulation rates, retransmissions, unstable parent relationships, and poor backhaul performance. The alarm threshold helps administrators identify mesh links that may require better AP placement, antenna alignment, reduced distance, or interference mitigation. A reliable mesh design should aim for healthy backhaul margins rather than treating the low alarm threshold as the desired normal operating value.

Question 297. What does Fast Transition share among FlexConnect APs for local authentication roaming

1. PMK cache entries
2. DHCP scopes
3. Spectrum captures
4. Controller images

Correct Answer: 1. PMK cache entries

Explanation:

For FlexConnect local authentication with 802.11r, Cisco shares Pairwise Master Key cache entries among access points in the applicable roaming group. Sharing these key entries enables compatible clients to perform Fast Transition without repeating the entire authentication process each time they roam to another FlexConnect AP. The cache can be distributed using site tag grouping or Mobility Domain ID grouping according to the deployment method. This design supports fast roaming even when authentication is handled locally at the branch instead of centrally through the wireless controller.

Question 298. How many FlexConnect APs are supported per PMK sharing group by default

1. 50
2. 300
3. 100
4. 500

Correct Answer: 3. 100

Explanation:

Cisco supports up to 100 FlexConnect access points per PMK cache sharing group by default for 802.11r local authentication roaming. The access points can be grouped using a site tag or Mobility Domain ID. The grouping determines where Pairwise Master Key cache entries are distributed to support fast roaming. Designers must consider this scale when creating large branch or distributed FlexConnect environments because a roaming domain that exceeds the standard limit may require additional design planning or the supported high scale option.

Question 299. How many FlexConnect APs can a PMK sharing group support in high scale mode

1. 100
2. 200
3. 500
4. 300

Correct Answer: 4. 300

Explanation:

Cisco increases the FlexConnect PMK cache sharing group limit from 100 access points to 300 access points when high scale mode is used. This allows larger roaming domains to support Fast Transition for locally authenticated FlexConnect clients. The infrastructure distributes the required PMK cache information among the access points in the group so compatible clients can roam without performing a complete authentication exchange at each AP. Designers should still create logical roaming domains and avoid making groups larger than operationally necessary because key distribution and client state scale with the size of the deployment.

Question 300. What is the maximum PMK cache entry count supported per FlexConnect AP for local authentication Fast Transition

1. 500
2. 1000
3. 2000
4. 5000

Correct Answer: 2. 1000

Explanation:

Cisco supports a maximum of 1000 PMK cache entries per FlexConnect access point for the documented 802.11r local authentication implementation. These entries allow Fast Transition capable clients to roam among APs in the same supported grouping without performing a complete authentication exchange after every move. The scale limit should be considered in environments containing large numbers of authenticated mobile clients. Cisco also defines AP group limits for PMK distribution, with 100 access points supported by default and up to 300 in high scale mode.