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Question 196
Which Cisco Unified Communications Manager feature provides automatic failover for IP phones when WAN connectivity to the primary call processing server is lost?
A) Automated Alternate Routing
B) Survivable Remote Site Telephony
C) Call Admission Control
D) Device Mobility
Answer: B
Explanation:
Survivable Remote Site Telephony provides critical call processing continuity for branch office IP phones when WAN connectivity to the centralized Cisco Unified Communications Manager cluster is lost. This feature ensures that essential telephony services remain available during network outages by enabling local call processing capabilities at the remote site, preventing complete loss of phone functionality during connectivity disruptions.
SRST functionality is typically implemented on a Cisco router or gateway located at the branch office. During normal operations, IP phones register with the centralized Unified Communications Manager cluster and process calls through the central call control infrastructure. When WAN connectivity fails, phones detect the loss of communication with their primary servers and automatically transition into SRST mode by registering with the local SRST router. The router then provides basic call processing capabilities including internal calling between local phones, access to PSTN through local gateways for external calls, and essential features like call hold, transfer, and conferencing.
While in SRST mode, certain advanced features available through the full Unified Communications Manager may be unavailable, but core telephony functions continue operating. When WAN connectivity is restored, phones automatically fail back to the central Unified Communications Manager and resume full-featured operation. The transition between normal mode and SRST mode is designed to be seamless with minimal disruption to active calls.
Automated Alternate Routing reroutes calls through PSTN when bandwidth is insufficient but does not provide local call processing. Call Admission Control prevents bandwidth oversubscription. Device Mobility adjusts phone settings based on location. Only SRST specifically provides local survivability and call processing during WAN failures, making it essential for distributed enterprise deployments.
Question 197
What is the maximum bandwidth consumption for a G.729 codec including IP, UDP, and RTP headers?
A) 8 kbps
B) 24 kbps
C)2 kbps
D) 64 kbps
Answer: C
Explanation:
The G.729 codec consumes approximately 31.2 kbps of total bandwidth when accounting for the complete packet overhead including IP, UDP, and RTP headers. While the actual voice payload uses only 8 kbps of bandwidth due to its efficient compression algorithm, the protocol headers required for packet transmission add significant overhead that must be considered when planning network capacity and calculating bandwidth requirements for voice over IP deployments.
The bandwidth calculation includes multiple components: the G.729 codec generates 8 kbps of compressed voice payload data, the RTP header adds 12 bytes, the UDP header adds 8 bytes, and the IP header adds 20 bytes for IPv4 or 40 bytes for IPv6. Additionally, the Layer 2 frame header contributes overhead depending on the link technology being used. When using typical 20 millisecond sample intervals, these headers are attached to each voice packet, resulting in approximately 23.2 kbps of additional overhead beyond the 8 kbps payload.
Understanding total bandwidth consumption is critical for network design, WAN link sizing, and Call Admission Control configuration. Engineers must account for both payload and overhead when calculating how many simultaneous calls a network link can support. For example, a 512 kbps WAN link could theoretically support approximately 16 concurrent G.729 calls when considering the complete 31.2 kbps per-call bandwidth requirement.
The 8 kbps value represents only the payload without headers. The 24 kbps value might represent other codec configurations. The 64 kbps value represents G.711 payload bandwidth. Accurate bandwidth calculations ensure proper network provisioning, prevent voice quality degradation from congestion, and enable effective quality of service implementation across unified communications infrastructures.
Question 198
Which Cisco product provides secure mobile and remote access to Cisco Unified Communications services?
A) Cisco Unified Border Element
B) Cisco Expressway
C) Cisco Unity Connection
D) Cisco Emergency Responder
Answer: B
Explanation:
Cisco Expressway provides secure firewall traversal and mobile remote access capabilities for Cisco Unified Communications deployments, enabling users to access collaboration services from outside the corporate network without requiring VPN connections. The solution consists of two components: Expressway-C located inside the enterprise network and Expressway-E positioned in the DMZ or external network, working together to provide secure access while protecting internal infrastructure.
The Expressway solution enables mobile workers using Jabber clients or other collaboration applications to register with internal Unified Communications Manager servers, make and receive calls, access voicemail, participate in conferences, and utilize presence services from any internet connection. The system uses encrypted signaling and media streams to ensure security, implements firewall traversal techniques to enable connectivity without opening excessive firewall ports, and provides authentication mechanisms to verify user identity before granting access to internal resources.
Expressway also supports business-to-business communications allowing secure SIP trunk connections with partner organizations, interoperability with standards-based video conferencing systems, and integration with cloud collaboration services. The platform includes comprehensive security features including certificate-based authentication, encryption support, access control policies, and protection against denial of service attacks. Mobile and Remote Access functionality has become essential as organizations embrace flexible work arrangements and distributed workforce models.
Cisco Unified Border Element provides session border controller functionality for carrier connections. Cisco Unity Connection is the voicemail platform. Cisco Emergency Responder provides enhanced 911 location services. While these products contribute to overall collaboration infrastructure, only Expressway specifically addresses secure mobile and remote access requirements for unified communications services.
Question 199
What is the primary purpose of partitions and calling search spaces in Cisco Unified Communications Manager?
A) To separate voice and data traffic on the network
B) To implement class of service and call routing restrictions
C) To configure codec preferences for call quality
D) To manage device firmware versions
Answer: B
Explanation:
Partitions and calling search spaces form the fundamental mechanism in Cisco Unified Communications Manager for implementing class of service restrictions and controlling which destinations users can reach when making calls. This powerful dial plan construct allows administrators to create flexible and granular call routing policies that ensure users have appropriate access to telephony resources based on their roles, locations, or organizational requirements.
Partitions are logical groupings of directory numbers, route patterns, and translation patterns that share similar reachability characteristics. Each partition acts as a container that holds specific dial plan elements that should be reachable together. Calling search spaces are ordered lists of partitions that define what destinations a specific calling device can reach. When a user dials a number, Unified Communications Manager searches through the partitions listed in the calling device’s CSS in the specified order until a matching pattern is found.
This architecture enables sophisticated scenarios such as allowing executive phones to dial international numbers while restricting general employees to domestic calls only, permitting lobby phones to reach only internal extensions and emergency services, enabling department-specific route patterns for specialized applications, and implementing time-of-day routing where different destinations become available during business versus after-hours periods. The flexibility of partitions and CSS allows organizations to implement complex business rules without requiring separate physical infrastructure.
Voice and data traffic separation is handled by VLANs and quality of service mechanisms. Codec preferences are configured through regions and locations. Device firmware management uses device pools and load server configurations. Only partitions and calling search spaces provide the sophisticated dial plan control and class of service enforcement that enables secure and policy-compliant communications.
Question 200
Which command is used to verify SIP trunk status on Cisco Unified Communications Manager?
A) show sip-ua status
B) show voice call summary
C) show ccm sip trunk
D) The verification is performed through the GUI only
Answer: D
Explanation:
Unlike Cisco IOS routers and gateways which provide extensive command-line interfaces for verification and troubleshooting, Cisco Unified Communications Manager is primarily managed and monitored through its web-based graphical user interface. SIP trunk status verification is performed through the CUCM administration portal rather than through CLI commands, as the system architecture focuses on centralized management through web interfaces.
Administrators can verify SIP trunk status by navigating to Device, Trunk in the Unified Communications Manager administration interface where trunk configuration and real-time status information is displayed. The interface shows whether trunks are registered or unregistered, displays active call counts, provides access to trunk statistics, and offers troubleshooting tools including protocol trace capabilities. Real-Time Monitoring Tool provides additional detailed monitoring capabilities including trunk utilization, call statistics, and performance metrics.
For deeper troubleshooting, administrators can enable SIP trunk trace logging which captures detailed SIP message exchanges including INVITE, ACK, BYE, and other protocol messages. These traces are invaluable for diagnosing interoperability issues, authentication problems, codec negotiation failures, and call setup failures. The serviceability interface provides access to trace files, alarm monitoring, and diagnostic tools specifically designed for unified communications troubleshooting.
The show sip-ua status command is used on Cisco IOS gateways, not on Unified Communications Manager. Similarly, show voice call summary works on IOS devices. The show ccm command syntax is not valid on CUCM. Understanding the distinction between IOS-based voice gateways with CLI access and server-based Unified Communications Manager with GUI management is important for effective collaboration infrastructure administration and troubleshooting.
Question 201
What protocol does Cisco Unity Connection use to integrate with Cisco Unified Communications Manager for message waiting indicator functionality?
A) SIP
B) SCCP
C) SMTP
D) IMAP
Answer: B
Explanation:
Cisco Unity Connection integrates with Cisco Unified Communications Manager using Skinny Client Control Protocol to control message waiting indicators on user phones. When a new voicemail message arrives in a user’s mailbox, Unity Connection sends SCCP commands to Unified Communications Manager to illuminate the message waiting lamp on the user’s phone. Similarly, when messages are retrieved and the mailbox becomes empty, Unity Connection sends commands to extinguish the indicator.
The integration requires Unity Connection to register with Unified Communications Manager as a SCCP device, establishing a persistent connection for sending lamp control commands. This architecture allows real-time notification of voicemail status directly on phone displays and dedicated message waiting buttons. The system supports both simple on-off indicator states and more sophisticated features like displaying message counts on phones with advanced display capabilities.
Unity Connection also integrates with Unified Communications Manager for call processing functions including transferring calls to voicemail, forwarding calls on busy or no-answer conditions, and enabling users to access their voicemail boxes by pressing messages buttons. The system uses SIP or SCCP protocols for call control depending on configuration, but specifically uses SCCP for message waiting indicator control due to its efficient device control capabilities.
SIP handles call signaling but not typically MWI control in Unity Connection deployments. SMTP is used for email notification of voicemails and unified messaging features. IMAP enables email client access to voicemails when visual voicemail features are configured. Understanding the specific protocols used for different integration functions is essential for properly configuring and troubleshooting Cisco unified communications and voicemail integration.
Question 202
Which feature allows multiple Cisco Unified Communications Manager clusters to appear as a single dial plan to users?
A) Intercluster Lookup Service
B) Global Dial Plan Replication
C) Session Management Edition
D) All of the above
Answer: D
Explanation:
All three features work together to enable multiple Cisco Unified Communications Manager clusters to present a unified dial plan experience to users across large distributed organizations. These technologies allow enterprises with multiple clusters deployed in different regions or business units to provide seamless dialing where users can reach colleagues in other clusters using simple extension dialing rather than requiring full PSTN numbers.
Intercluster Lookup Service enables clusters to query each other for directory information including user names, phone numbers, and availability status. When a user dials a number not registered on their local cluster, ILS allows the system to search other participating clusters to locate the destination. This provides a distributed directory that makes the entire organization’s users reachable through a consistent dial plan without requiring centralized database synchronization.
Global Dial Plan Replication advertises directory number ranges and dial plan information between clusters using Session Initiation Protocol. When clusters participate in GDPR, they exchange routing information that enables intelligent call routing decisions. The system learns which clusters own which number ranges and can route calls efficiently across the distributed environment without relying on PSTN breakout.
Session Management Edition, formerly known as Unified Communications Manager Business Edition 6000, provides centralized dial plan management and call routing across multiple Unified Communications Manager clusters. SME acts as a hub that normalizes dialing between clusters, provides centralized call admission control, and presents a unified administrative interface for managing multi-cluster deployments. Together these technologies enable scalable enterprise communications.
Each technology addresses different aspects of multi-cluster integration and can be deployed independently or in combination depending on specific organizational requirements and deployment architecture.
Question 203
What is the default registration port for SIP devices connecting to Cisco Unified Communications Manager?
A) 2000
B) 5060
C) 5061
D) 8443
Answer: B
Explanation:
The default port for SIP device registration and signaling to Cisco Unified Communications Manager is TCP/UDP port 5060, which is the standard non-secure SIP port defined in RFC 3261. When IP phones, gateways, or other SIP endpoints register with Unified Communications Manager, they establish connections on this port to exchange SIP messages including REGISTER requests, INVITE messages for call setup, and other signaling traffic required for call control functionality.
Port 5060 handles unencrypted SIP signaling using standard SIP protocol messages in plain text format. The communication follows the standard SIP request-response model where devices send requests to the server and receive responses indicating success or failure. For basic deployments or internal networks where encryption is not mandated, port 5060 provides straightforward SIP connectivity with minimal configuration complexity.
Organizations implementing security requirements often migrate to port 5061 which provides encrypted SIP signaling using Transport Layer Security. Port 5061 is the standard secure SIP port that encrypts signaling messages to protect against eavesdropping and tampering. Modern Cisco deployments increasingly utilize secure protocols, but port 5060 remains the default for backward compatibility and simplified initial configuration.
Port 2000 is used by SCCP for device registration. Port 8443 is commonly used for HTTPS administrative interfaces. Understanding default ports is essential for firewall configuration, network troubleshooting, and security policy implementation. Administrators must ensure appropriate firewall rules permit SIP traffic on the correct ports and can modify port configurations when non-standard ports are required for specific deployment scenarios.
Question 204
Which Cisco Unified Communications Manager service must be activated for Extension Mobility to function?
A) Cisco Extension Mobility
B) Cisco IP Voice Media Streaming App
C) Cisco CTI Manager
D) Cisco DHCP Monitor Service
Answer: A
Explanation:
The Cisco Extension Mobility service must be activated on Cisco Unified Communications Manager servers for the Extension Mobility feature to function properly. This service provides the infrastructure that enables users to temporarily log into any phone in the organization and have their personal settings, line appearances, speed dials, and services follow them to that device, creating a hot-desking environment where physical phones are shared resources.
Extension Mobility works by maintaining user profiles containing phone button configurations, directory numbers, speed dial settings, and service subscriptions separate from physical device configurations. When a user logs into a phone using their credentials through the phone’s services menu, the Extension Mobility service applies the user’s profile to that physical device, effectively transforming it into the user’s personal phone. When the user logs out, the phone returns to its default configuration or displays the login prompt for the next user.
The service manages the authentication process, profile application, timeout handling for automatic logout after inactivity periods, and coordination with other Unified Communications Manager services to update device registrations. Multiple Extension Mobility service instances can run across cluster nodes for redundancy and load distribution. The feature requires careful planning of device pools, phone button templates, and user profiles to ensure consistent functionality across shared devices.
Cisco IP Voice Media Streaming App provides media resources like music on hold. Cisco CTI Manager enables computer telephony integration for applications. Cisco DHCP Monitor Service monitors DHCP server availability. While these services support various unified communications functions, only the Cisco Extension Mobility service specifically enables the Extension Mobility feature for hot-desking scenarios.
Question 205
What is the purpose of Media Resource Groups and Media Resource Group Lists in Cisco Unified Communications Manager?
A) To control which media resources devices can access
B) To configure bandwidth allocation for video calls
C) To manage firmware updates for media gateways
D) To enable recording of all phone conversations
Answer: A
Explanation:
Media Resource Groups and Media Resource Group Lists provide a hierarchical mechanism for controlling which media resources devices can access in Cisco Unified Communications Manager deployments. This architecture allows administrators to implement intelligent resource allocation policies that ensure devices use appropriate and available media resources based on factors like device location, organizational hierarchy, or resource availability.
Media Resource Groups are collections of media resources including conference bridges, transcoders, media termination points, music on hold servers, and annunciators. Administrators create MRGs by grouping resources that share common characteristics such as geographic location or capacity tier. For example, one MRG might contain all media resources located in the New York office while another contains resources in the London office.
Media Resource Group Lists are prioritized ordered lists of MRGs that define which resource groups a device attempts to use and in what sequence. When a device requires a media resource, Unified Communications Manager searches through the MRGLs assigned to that device, checking each MRG in the specified order until an available resource is found. This allows sophisticated allocation strategies such as preferring local resources over remote resources to minimize WAN bandwidth usage.
The MRGL architecture enables geographic resource distribution where devices automatically use nearby resources, load balancing across multiple resource pools by ordering MRGs appropriately, and failover scenarios where backup resources become available when primary resources are exhausted. Bandwidth allocation for video is handled by regions and locations. Firmware management uses load servers. Call recording requires dedicated recording platforms. Only MRGs and MRGLs specifically control media resource allocation.
Question 206
Which protocol provides time synchronization for Cisco Unified Communications infrastructure?
A) Simple Network Management Protocol
B) Network Time Protocol
C) Precision Time Protocol
D) Synchronous Optical Networking
Answer: B
Explanation:
Network Time Protocol is the standard protocol used for time synchronization across Cisco Unified Communications infrastructure components including Unified Communications Manager servers, Unity Connection voicemail systems, gateways, and network devices. Accurate time synchronization is critical for unified communications deployments because time stamps are used extensively for call detail records, system logs, security certificates, database replication, and troubleshooting activities.
NTP operates in a hierarchical architecture with stratum levels indicating distance from authoritative time sources. Stratum 0 represents atomic clocks or GPS receivers that provide the most accurate time reference. Stratum 1 servers synchronize directly with stratum 0 sources. Enterprise NTP servers typically operate at stratum 2 or 3, synchronizing with public or private stratum 1 servers and distributing time to infrastructure devices.
Cisco Unified Communications Manager should be configured to synchronize with reliable NTP servers, either external internet-accessible NTP pools or internal organizational NTP infrastructure. The publisher server typically acts as the NTP master for the cluster with subscriber nodes synchronizing from the publisher. This ensures consistent time across all cluster nodes which is essential for proper database replication and call processing coordination.
Time synchronization problems can cause numerous issues including certificate validation failures when time differences exceed certificate validity periods, log correlation difficulties during troubleshooting, database replication problems, and inaccurate call detail records. Simple Network Management Protocol handles device monitoring. Precision Time Protocol provides microsecond accuracy for specialized applications. Synchronous Optical Networking relates to carrier transport networks. Only NTP specifically addresses time synchronization requirements for collaboration infrastructure.
Question 207
What is the maximum number of directory numbers that can be configured on a single Cisco IP Phone 8800 series device?
A) 4
B) 6
C) 8
D) 10
Answer: D
Explanation:
The Cisco IP Phone 8800 series supports a maximum of 10 directory numbers or line appearances on a single device when considering the combination of physical line buttons and key expansion modules. The base phone models in the 8800 series typically have 5 or 10 physical programmable buttons depending on the specific model, with the 8841 having 5 buttons, the 8845 having 5 buttons with video capability, the 8851 having 5 buttons, the 8861 having 5 buttons with additional features, and the 8865 having 10 buttons with color display and video.
These line buttons can be configured as directory numbers for handling multiple phone lines, speed dial buttons for one-touch dialing, busy lamp field indicators for monitoring colleague status, or service URLs for accessing applications. Organizations often deploy phones with multiple line appearances for users who handle calls for multiple departments, executive assistants managing lines for multiple executives, or reception personnel monitoring numerous extensions.
For users requiring more than the base number of buttons, Cisco offers key expansion modules that attach to compatible 8800 series phones, adding additional programmable buttons. These modules can display contact names, line status, and provide LED indicators for monitoring purposes. However, the maximum number of directory numbers remains limited by system configuration and licensing rather than just physical button availability.
Understanding device capabilities is important for matching phone models to user requirements. Power users with extensive monitoring needs may require models with more physical buttons or expansion modules, while standard users may need only single-line configurations. Proper device selection ensures users have adequate functionality without over-provisioning expensive hardware unnecessarily, optimizing both user experience and infrastructure costs.
Question 208
Which feature allows administrators to make bulk changes to multiple devices simultaneously in Cisco Unified Communications Manager?
A) Device Template
B) Bulk Administration
C) Device Defaults
D) Copy Configuration
Answer: B
Explanation:
Bulk Administration is a powerful tool in Cisco Unified Communications Manager that enables administrators to perform mass configuration changes, additions, deletions, and updates across numerous devices, users, and other objects simultaneously rather than making individual changes one at a time. This capability is essential for large enterprise deployments where manual individual configuration would be impractically time-consuming and error-prone.
The Bulk Administration Tool provides functionality for adding hundreds or thousands of phones through CSV file imports, updating device configurations across multiple units simultaneously, deleting outdated devices in batch operations, modifying user settings for entire departments, generating reports on device inventory and configuration, and performing mass firmware updates. The tool uses template-based approaches where administrators define the desired configuration once and apply it to multiple target objects.
Common bulk administration tasks include phone deployment for new offices where hundreds of devices need initial configuration, organizational restructuring requiring phone reassignments and directory number changes, software migration projects updating firmware across the entire phone population, and standardization initiatives ensuring consistent configuration across device types. The system validates imported data and provides error reporting when issues are detected.
Device Templates provide reusable configuration patterns for creating new devices but don’t handle bulk operations across existing devices. Device Defaults set system-wide default values for new devices. Copy Configuration allows duplicating single device settings. Only Bulk Administration specifically addresses the requirement for simultaneous mass configuration changes across multiple existing objects, dramatically improving administrative efficiency in large-scale deployments.
Question 209
What is the purpose of Cisco Unified Reporting in a Cisco Unified Communications Manager deployment?
A) To provide real-time call quality monitoring
B) To generate historical reports on system usage and performance
C) To configure automated system backups
D) To manage user authentication and authorization
Answer: B
Explanation:
Cisco Unified Reporting is a comprehensive reporting platform integrated into Cisco Unified Communications Manager that generates historical reports on system usage, performance metrics, call statistics, device inventory, and numerous other aspects of unified communications infrastructure. These reports provide administrators and managers with valuable insights for capacity planning, troubleshooting, compliance documentation, and understanding communication patterns within the organization.
The reporting system offers numerous predefined report types including Call Detail Records that document all call activity with calling party, called party, duration, and quality metrics; device reports showing registered phones, gateways, and their configuration status; user reports detailing directory numbers and associated settings; system performance reports tracking server resource utilization; quality of service reports analyzing voice quality metrics; and billing reports for cost allocation and telecom expense management.
Reports can be generated on-demand through the web interface or scheduled to run automatically at specified intervals with results delivered via email or stored for later access. The system supports various output formats including PDF, CSV, and XML to accommodate different analysis tools and workflow requirements. Historical data retention policies determine how long call detail records and other metrics are stored before aging out.
Real-time call quality monitoring is provided by tools like Real-Time Monitoring Tool and Prime Collaboration. System backup configuration is managed through Disaster Recovery System. User authentication is handled by directory integration and authentication services. Only Unified Reporting specifically provides the historical reporting and analysis capabilities essential for understanding long-term trends and making informed decisions.
Question 210
Which codec family provides wideband audio quality for improved voice clarity in Cisco Unified Communications?
A)711
B)729
C)722
D) iLBC
Answer: C
Explanation:
The G.722 codec provides wideband audio quality by sampling voice at 16 kHz instead of the traditional 8 kHz used by narrowband codecs, delivering significantly improved voice clarity and naturalness. Wideband audio captures a broader frequency range from 50 Hz to 7 kHz compared to narrowband’s 300 Hz to 3400 Hz limitation, resulting in more natural-sounding conversations where voices are more easily recognizable and speech intelligibility is enhanced.
G.722 operates at bit rates of 48, 56, or 64 kbps depending on configuration, with 64 kbps being most common in enterprise deployments. The codec provides excellent quality while maintaining reasonable bandwidth efficiency, making it suitable for use on local area networks and high-bandwidth WAN connections. The improved audio quality is particularly noticeable for distinguishing between similar-sounding letters and numbers, understanding speakers with accents, and reducing listener fatigue during extended conference calls.
Modern Cisco IP phones including the 8800 series support G.722 wideband audio and will automatically negotiate this codec when both calling parties have wideband-capable devices and sufficient bandwidth is available. The codec can be used for phone-to-phone calls, conference calls when all participants support wideband, and integration with other collaboration tools. Organizations implementing wideband audio often report improved communication effectiveness and user satisfaction.
G.711 provides narrowband quality at 64 kbps. G.729 is a narrowband compressed codec at 8 kbps. iLBC is designed for packet loss resilience but operates in narrowband. Only G.722 specifically provides the wideband audio frequency response that delivers superior voice clarity, making it the preferred codec for high-quality voice communications when bandwidth permits.