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Question 281

Which command configures a static IPv4 route on a Cisco router?

1. ip route
2. route static
3. ip static-route
4. router static

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The ip route command is used to configure a static IPv4 route on a Cisco router. A static route normally specifies the destination network and subnet mask followed by either a next-hop IP address or an exit interface. For example, an administrator can configure a route toward a remote network using a neighboring router’s IP address as the next hop. Static routes are manually maintained and do not exchange routing information dynamically. They are useful for small networks, specific paths, and default routes where predictable forwarding is required.

Question 282

Which command displays the current IPv4 routing table on a Cisco router?

1. show interfaces
2. show ip route
3. show arp
4. show route-table

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The show ip route command displays the IPv4 routing table of a Cisco router or Layer 3 switch. It provides information about networks known to the device, including directly connected networks, static routes, and routes learned through dynamic routing protocols. Route codes such as C for connected, S for static, and O for OSPF help identify the source of each route. Administrators commonly use this command when troubleshooting connectivity because it reveals whether the device has a valid path toward a particular destination network.

Question 283

Which VLAN is typically used to carry voice traffic from an IP phone on a Cisco switch port?

1. Native VLAN
2. Management VLAN
3. Voice VLAN
4. Default VLAN

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

A voice VLAN is specifically configured to carry IP phone traffic separately from normal data traffic. Cisco switches can associate a voice VLAN with an access port so that an IP phone can use the designated VLAN while a connected computer can use a separate data VLAN. This separation improves traffic organization and allows administrators to apply appropriate quality-of-service policies to voice traffic. The native VLAN handles untagged trunk traffic, while management and default VLANs serve other purposes. Proper voice VLAN configuration is important for reliable VoIP communication.

Question 284

Which command can verify whether a Cisco switch interface is operational and identify its speed and duplex settings?

1. show interfaces status
2. show ip route
3. show vlan brief
4. show mac address-table

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The show interfaces status command provides a concise summary of switch interfaces. It can display the port name, status, VLAN, duplex mode, speed, and media type. This makes the command useful when quickly checking whether an interface is connected and operating as expected. Administrators can use it to identify ports that are disconnected, disabled, or configured with unexpected speed or duplex settings. Other commands provide VLAN, MAC address, or routing information, but show interfaces status is particularly useful for a quick Layer 1 and Layer 2 port overview.

Question 285

Which routing protocol uses autonomous system numbers to identify routing domains?

1. OSPF
2. RIP
3. BGP
4. STP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Border Gateway Protocol, or BGP, uses Autonomous System Numbers, commonly called ASNs, to identify autonomous systems participating in interdomain routing. An autonomous system is a collection of networks under a common administrative control that presents a common routing policy to external networks. BGP uses the AS path attribute and other policy attributes to select routes and prevent routing loops between autonomous systems. OSPF and RIP are primarily interior routing protocols and do not use ASNs in the same way. STP is a Layer 2 loop-prevention protocol.

Question 286

Which address is used by a DHCP client as the destination when initially requesting an IPv4 address?

1. 255.255.255.255
2. 127.0.0.1
3. 224.0.0.1
4. 169.254.1.1

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A DHCP client initially uses the limited broadcast address 255.255.255.255 when sending a DHCPDISCOVER message because it does not yet have a valid IPv4 address or know the location of a DHCP server. The broadcast allows DHCP servers on the local network to receive the request. Routers normally do not forward broadcasts, so a DHCP relay such as ip helper-address may be required when the server is located on another subnet. The other addresses have different purposes and are not used as the initial DHCP broadcast destination.

Question 287

Which STP port role is normally selected on the root bridge for each connected network segment?

1. Root port
2. Designated port
3. Alternate port
4. Disabled port

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The root bridge does not have a root port because it is the reference point for the spanning-tree topology. Instead, its active ports toward connected network segments normally become designated ports. A designated port provides the best path from that segment toward the root bridge and normally forwards traffic. Non-root switches select root ports as their best paths toward the root. Alternate or blocking roles may be used on redundant paths depending on the STP implementation. Understanding these roles helps administrators interpret STP topology and troubleshoot blocked or forwarding ports.

Question 288

Which protocol is used to automatically discover the IP address of a DHCP server during the DHCP process?

1. DHCP
2. DNS
3. ARP
4. OSPF

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

DHCP itself provides the mechanism by which a client discovers and communicates with an available DHCP server. During the DHCPDISCOVER stage, the client sends a broadcast because it initially lacks an IP address and does not know the DHCP server’s address. A DHCP server responds with a DHCPOFFER containing proposed network configuration. The client then selects an offer using DHCPREQUEST. DNS is responsible for name resolution, ARP resolves IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses, and OSPF exchanges routing information between routers.

Question 289

Which Cisco IOS command enters global configuration mode from privileged EXEC mode?

1. configure terminal
2. configuration mode
3. global configure
4. config system

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The configure terminal command, often abbreviated as conf t, moves a Cisco IOS device from privileged EXEC mode into global configuration mode. Global configuration mode is where administrators make system-wide configuration changes, such as setting the hostname, enabling routing features, configuring AAA, or entering interface configuration mode. Privileged EXEC mode is identified by the # prompt, while global configuration mode normally uses (config)#. Entering the correct configuration mode is essential because many Cisco commands are accepted only in specific modes.

Question 290

Which IPv4 prefix is used for multicast addressing?

1. 10.0.0.0/8
2. 192.168.0.0/16
3. 224.0.0.0/4
4. 172.16.0.0/12

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

IPv4 multicast addresses use the range 224.0.0.0 through 239.255.255.255, represented by the 224.0.0.0/4 prefix. Multicast allows a sender to transmit traffic to multiple interested receivers without sending separate unicast packets to each receiver. Routing protocols and other network services commonly use multicast for control traffic. The 10.0.0.0/8, 172.16.0.0/12, and 192.168.0.0/16 ranges are private IPv4 address spaces. Understanding address categories helps administrators identify whether an IPv4 address is unicast, multicast, private, or reserved for another purpose.

Question 291

Which command can be used to configure an IPv4 address and subnet mask on a Cisco router interface?

1. address ip
2. ip address
3. interface ip
4. set ip address

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The ip address command is used in interface configuration mode to assign an IPv4 address and subnet mask to a Cisco router or Layer 3 switch interface. For example, an administrator can specify an address followed by its subnet mask. After assigning the address, the interface may also need to be enabled with the no shutdown command. Correct IP addressing allows the interface to participate in the appropriate IPv4 network. This command is one of the fundamental steps when configuring Layer 3 connectivity on Cisco devices.

Question 292

Which protocol is commonly used by a Cisco router to exchange routing information within an autonomous system using link-state advertisements?

1. OSPF
2. FTP
3. DHCP
4. SNMP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

OSPF is a link-state interior gateway protocol that exchanges link-state information using Link-State Advertisements, or LSAs. OSPF routers use these advertisements to build a link-state database representing the topology of their area. They then use the Shortest Path First algorithm to calculate the best paths. OSPF supports hierarchical designs through areas, with Area 0 commonly serving as the backbone. FTP is used for file transfers, DHCP provides host configuration, and SNMP provides monitoring and management capabilities rather than dynamic routing.

Question 293

What is the primary purpose of an access control list on a router or Layer 3 switch?

1. To filter traffic according to defined criteria
2. To assign MAC addresses
3. To synchronize clocks
4. To create Ethernet trunks

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

An Access Control List, or ACL, is used to filter traffic according to administrator-defined criteria. Depending on the ACL type, matching can include source and destination IP addresses, protocols, and TCP or UDP port numbers. ACLs can be applied to interfaces in specific directions to control which traffic is permitted or denied. They are commonly used to improve network security and control access between network segments. ACLs do not assign MAC addresses, synchronize time, or create trunk links. Their effectiveness depends heavily on correct ordering and placement.

Question 294

Which IPv6 address type is used for communication with multiple interested receivers?

1. Anycast
2. Unicast
3. Multicast
4. Loopback

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

IPv6 multicast addresses identify groups of interfaces that are interested in receiving particular traffic. A packet sent to an IPv6 multicast address can be delivered to multiple members of the multicast group. IPv6 relies heavily on multicast because it does not use traditional broadcast addressing. Unicast identifies one interface, anycast identifies multiple possible interfaces but delivers traffic to the nearest appropriate one, and the loopback address identifies the local host. IPv6 multicast is used by Neighbor Discovery and routing protocols for important control-plane communication.

Question 295

Which Cisco command displays information about directly connected Cisco neighbors discovered through CDP?

1. show cdp neighbors
2. show neighbors cisco
3. show discovery cdp
4. show interfaces cdp

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The show cdp neighbors command displays information about Cisco devices directly connected to the local device through interfaces where CDP is enabled. The output can include the neighboring device ID, local interface, remote port, platform, and device capabilities. This makes CDP useful for discovering physical topology and troubleshooting connections between Cisco devices. The more detailed show cdp neighbors detail command provides additional information such as management addresses and software details. CDP is Cisco proprietary, while LLDP provides similar discovery capabilities in multivendor environments.

Question 296

Which IPv4 routing protocol is considered a distance-vector protocol and uses hop count as its metric?

1. OSPF
2. EIGRP
3. RIP
4. BGP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Routing Information Protocol, or RIP, is a distance-vector routing protocol that uses hop count as its routing metric. Each router increments the hop count when forwarding route information, and RIP considers a maximum of 15 hops reachable. A route with a metric of 16 is considered unreachable. RIP is simple but has significant scalability limitations compared with protocols such as OSPF and EIGRP. BGP serves a different purpose as an exterior gateway protocol. Understanding RIP’s distance-vector behavior and hop-count metric helps distinguish it from other routing protocols.

Question 297

Which protocol is used to collect and transport system event messages from network devices to a centralized logging server?

1. Syslog
2. DHCP
3. ARP
4. NTP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Syslog is used to generate, transport, and centrally collect system and event messages from network devices and other systems. Cisco devices can send messages such as interface changes, authentication events, and system warnings to a remote Syslog server. Centralized logging makes it easier for administrators to monitor network activity and investigate problems across multiple devices. NTP is used for time synchronization, which is especially important for accurate log timestamps. DHCP provides address configuration, while ARP resolves IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses on local networks.

Question 298

Which command configures a Cisco router interface to obtain its IPv4 address dynamically from a DHCP server?

1. ip address dhcp
2. ip dhcp obtain
3. interface dhcp
4. dhcp-client enable

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The ip address dhcp command instructs a Cisco router interface to obtain an IPv4 address dynamically from a DHCP server. The command is entered under the relevant interface configuration mode. The router sends DHCP messages to obtain an address and related configuration information. This is useful when the interface connects to a network where addressing is dynamically assigned, such as certain ISP or upstream network connections. It differs from static configuration, where the administrator manually specifies an IPv4 address and subnet mask using the ip address command.

Question 299

Which technology provides redundancy for a default gateway by allowing multiple routers to present a shared virtual IP address?

1. EtherChannel
2. HSRP
3. DHCP Snooping
4. Port Security

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Hot Standby Router Protocol, or HSRP, is a Cisco first-hop redundancy protocol that allows multiple routers or Layer 3 devices to provide gateway redundancy. The devices participate in an HSRP group and share a virtual IP address that end hosts use as their default gateway. One device normally acts as the active router while another remains in standby. If the active device fails, the standby device can take over the forwarding role. This improves gateway availability without requiring end hosts to change their default gateway configuration.

Question 300

Which command displays the saved startup configuration stored in nonvolatile memory on a Cisco device?

1. show running-config
2. show startup-config
3. show memory-config
4. show saved

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The show startup-config command displays the configuration saved in nonvolatile memory and used when the Cisco device boots. This configuration can differ from the running configuration if an administrator has made changes but has not saved them. The copy running-config startup-config command is commonly used to save current changes. Comparing show running-config with show startup-config can help identify unsaved modifications before a reload. Understanding the distinction between RAM-based running configuration and saved s