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Question 21

Which command displays a summary of the IP addresses and operational status of interfaces on a Cisco router?

1. show ip interface brief
2. show running-config
3. show version
4. show controllers

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The show ip interface brief command provides a concise summary of router interfaces, including their assigned IP addresses, administrative status, and operational status. It is commonly used during troubleshooting because administrators can quickly identify interfaces that are administratively down or physically down. The show running-config command displays the active configuration, while show version provides system and software information. The show controllers command provides hardware-specific information. Therefore, show ip interface brief is the most appropriate command for quickly checking interface status and addressing.

Question 22

Which IPv4 address represents the loopback address of a host?

1. 169.254.10.5
2. 127.0.0.1
3. 224.0.0.1
4. 192.168.1.1

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The IPv4 address 127.0.0.1 is the commonly used loopback address. It allows a host to send traffic to itself without using a physical network interface or communicating with another device. Loopback addresses are useful for testing the local TCP/IP stack and applications. The 169.254.0.0/16 range is associated with APIPA, addresses beginning with 224 are used for IPv4 multicast, and 192.168.1.1 is a private unicast address. Therefore, 127.0.0.1 is the correct loopback address.

Question 23

Which protocol is responsible for reliable delivery, sequencing, and retransmission of data segments?

1. UDP
2. ICMP
3. TCP
4. ARP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Transmission Control Protocol, or TCP, provides reliable, connection-oriented communication between applications. It uses sequencing, acknowledgments, retransmissions, and flow control to help ensure that data arrives correctly and in the proper order. UDP does not provide the same reliability mechanisms and is connectionless. ICMP is primarily used for network diagnostics and control messages, while ARP resolves IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses on local networks. Therefore, TCP is the correct protocol when reliable delivery, sequencing, and retransmission are required.

Question 24

Which transport-layer protocol is connectionless and commonly used when low overhead is preferred?

1. TCP
2. UDP
3. FTP
4. SSH

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

User Datagram Protocol, or UDP, is a connectionless transport-layer protocol that provides low-overhead communication. It does not establish a connection before sending data and does not provide TCP-style acknowledgments, sequencing, or retransmission. This makes UDP useful for applications where speed and reduced overhead are more important than guaranteed delivery, including many real-time and streaming applications. TCP provides reliable connection-oriented communication, while FTP and SSH are application-layer protocols. Therefore, UDP is the correct choice for connectionless communication with low overhead.

Question 25

Which subnet contains the IP address 192.168.10.70 when using a /26 subnet mask?

1. 192.168.10.0/26
2. 192.168.10.64/26
3. 192.168.10.128/26
4. 192.168.10.192/26

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A /26 subnet provides 64 addresses per subnet, creating ranges that begin at 0, 64, 128, and 192 in the final octet. The address 192.168.10.70 falls between 64 and 127, so it belongs to the 192.168.10.64/26 subnet. The network address is 192.168.10.64, while the broadcast address is 192.168.10.127. Therefore, among the listed options, 192.168.10.64/26 is the correct subnet containing the specified IP address.

Question 26

Which device primarily makes forwarding decisions using destination IP addresses?

1. Hub
2. Switch
3. Router
4. Repeater

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

A router primarily uses destination IP addresses to make Layer 3 forwarding decisions. It examines the destination network in an incoming packet and compares it against routes in its routing table. The router then forwards the packet toward the appropriate next hop or destination interface. A switch generally uses MAC addresses for Layer 2 forwarding, while a hub and repeater primarily operate by repeating signals without making Layer 3 routing decisions. Therefore, the router is the correct device for IP-based packet forwarding.

Question 27

Which protocol is commonly used to send network device messages to a centralized logging server?

1. SNMP
2. Syslog
3. NTP
4. TFTP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Syslog is commonly used to send system and event messages from network devices to a centralized logging server. Centralized logging allows administrators to review events from multiple routers, switches, firewalls, and other systems in one location. This can help with troubleshooting, monitoring, auditing, and security investigations. SNMP is primarily used for network management and monitoring, NTP provides time synchronization, and TFTP provides basic file transfer functionality. Therefore, Syslog is the correct protocol for centralized collection of device-generated messages.

Question 28

Which Ethernet frame field is used to identify the protocol carried in the payload on an Ethernet II network?

1. Destination MAC
2. Source MAC
3. EtherType
4. FCS

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The EtherType field in an Ethernet II frame identifies the network-layer protocol carried in the frame payload. For example, a particular EtherType value can indicate that the payload contains an IPv4 or IPv6 packet. Destination and source MAC addresses identify the receiving and transmitting Layer 2 interfaces, respectively. The Frame Check Sequence, or FCS, is used for error detection. Therefore, the EtherType field is responsible for identifying the protocol contained within an Ethernet II frame.

Question 29

Which IPv4 subnet mask provides 14 usable host addresses per subnet?

1. 255.255.255.240
2. 255.255.255.224
3. 255.255.255.248
4. 255.255.255.252

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A subnet that provides 14 usable IPv4 host addresses requires 4 host bits because 2⁴ equals 16 total addresses. Two addresses are reserved for the network and broadcast addresses, leaving 14 usable addresses. Four host bits correspond to a /28 prefix, whose subnet mask is 255.255.255.240. A /27 provides 30 usable addresses, /29 provides 6, and /30 provides 2. Therefore, 255.255.255.240 is the correct subnet mask for 14 usable host addresses.

Question 30

Which routing method requires an administrator to manually configure routes on a Cisco router?

1. OSPF
2. EIGRP
3. Static routing
4. BGP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Static routing requires an administrator to manually configure routes on a router. A static route specifies a destination network and generally identifies either a next-hop IP address or an exit interface. Static routes can be useful for small networks, specific paths, default routes, or situations where predictable forwarding is desired. OSPF, EIGRP, and BGP are dynamic routing protocols that can exchange routing information automatically. Therefore, static routing is the method that requires routes to be manually configured by an administrator.

Question 31

Which command is used to configure a default static route for IPv4 on a Cisco router?

1. ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0
2. route default enable
3. ip default-gateway 255.255.255.255
4. default-route ip

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The Cisco IOS command ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 is used as the basic syntax for configuring an IPv4 default static route, with a next-hop address or exit interface normally specified afterward. A default route matches destinations for which the router has no more specific route. It is commonly used to send traffic toward an upstream router or Internet connection. The other commands do not represent the standard Cisco IOS syntax for configuring an IPv4 default static route.

Question 32

Which protocol is commonly used by network administrators to monitor and manage network devices using a management station?

1. SNMP
2. SMTP
3. DNS
4. HTTP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Simple Network Management Protocol, or SNMP, is widely used to monitor and manage network devices. An SNMP management station can collect information such as interface statistics, device status, and resource utilization from compatible network devices. SNMP can also support certain management operations depending on the configured version and security model. SMTP is associated with email transmission, DNS performs name resolution, and HTTP supports web communication. Therefore, SNMP is the appropriate protocol for network monitoring and management through a management station.

Question 33

Which VLAN protocol is used to tag Ethernet frames so multiple VLANs can traverse a trunk link?

1. VTP
2. STP
3. 802.1Q
4. CDP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

IEEE 802.1Q is the standard commonly used to identify VLAN information in Ethernet frames traveling across trunk links. It adds VLAN tagging information to frames so that switches can determine which VLAN each frame belongs to. This allows multiple VLANs to share a single physical trunk connection. VTP is used for VLAN management in supported Cisco environments, STP helps prevent Layer 2 loops, and CDP discovers neighboring Cisco devices. Therefore, 802.1Q is the correct standard for VLAN tagging on trunk links.

Question 34

Which STP device is elected as the central reference point for calculating the spanning-tree topology?

1. Root bridge
2. Designated port
3. Root port
4. Backup port

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The root bridge is the central reference point used by Spanning Tree Protocol when calculating the Layer 2 topology. Switches exchange Bridge Protocol Data Units, or BPDUs, to elect a root bridge based on bridge identifiers. Once the root bridge is selected, other switches determine their best paths toward it and select appropriate ports. A root port is the best path toward the root bridge on a non-root switch, while a designated port forwards traffic for a network segment. Therefore, the root bridge is correct.

Question 35

Which Cisco feature bundles multiple physical interfaces into one logical EtherChannel connection?

1. PortFast
2. EtherChannel
3. BPDU Guard
4. DHCP Snooping

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

EtherChannel combines multiple physical Ethernet interfaces into a single logical link. This can increase available bandwidth and provide redundancy between switches or other supported devices. The individual physical links are treated as members of the same logical channel, reducing the chance that STP will block individual links unnecessarily. PortFast is used to speed transition for appropriate edge ports, BPDU Guard protects certain edge ports from unexpected BPDUs, and DHCP Snooping provides DHCP-related security. Therefore, EtherChannel is the correct feature.

Question 36

Which security feature can prevent unauthorized DHCP servers from responding to client DHCP requests on a Cisco switch?

1. Port Security
2. DHCP Snooping
3. Dynamic ARP Inspection
4. BPDU Filter

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

DHCP Snooping is a Layer 2 security feature that helps protect networks against unauthorized or rogue DHCP servers. Administrators can configure trusted interfaces, such as the connection toward a legitimate DHCP server, while DHCP responses arriving through untrusted interfaces can be blocked. DHCP Snooping can also build a binding database containing information about legitimate DHCP assignments. Port Security focuses on controlling MAC addresses, Dynamic ARP Inspection helps protect against ARP-based attacks, and BPDU Filter controls STP BPDU processing. Therefore, DHCP Snooping is correct.

Question 37

Which command displays the MAC address table learned by a Cisco switch?

1. show vlan brief
2. show ip route
3. show mac address-table
4. show spanning-tree

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The show mac address-table command displays MAC addresses that a Cisco switch has learned and associates them with specific interfaces and VLANs. This information is useful for troubleshooting Layer 2 connectivity and determining where a particular device’s MAC address was learned. The show vlan brief command displays VLAN information, show ip route displays the routing table, and show spanning-tree provides STP information. Therefore, show mac address-table is the correct command for viewing learned MAC addresses.

Question 38

Which wireless security standard provides stronger security than WPA and uses AES-based encryption?

1. WEP
2. WPA
3. WPA2
4. Open authentication

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

WPA2 provides stronger wireless security than the older WEP and WPA standards and commonly uses AES-based encryption through the CCMP protocol. It became widely adopted for securing wireless networks because it provides substantially better protection than WEP, which uses weaker security mechanisms. WPA was introduced as an improvement over WEP but is older than WPA2. Open authentication provides no comparable wireless encryption by itself. Therefore, WPA2 is the correct choice for the stronger wireless security standard described.

Question 39

Which IPv6 prefix is commonly used for link-local addresses?

1. FE80::/10
2. FC00::/7
3. 2000::/3
4. FF00::/8

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The IPv6 prefix FE80::/10 is reserved for link-local addresses. Link-local addresses are automatically assigned or configured on IPv6 interfaces and are used for communication within the local Layer 2 network segment. Routers do not normally forward link-local traffic between different links. The FC00::/7 range is associated with unique local addresses, 2000::/3 is used for global unicast addresses, and FF00::/8 represents multicast addresses. Therefore, FE80::/10 is the correct prefix for IPv6 link-local addresses.

Question 40

Which Cisco IOS command displays information about the device’s operating system version, uptime, and hardware?

1. show interfaces
2. show version
3. show processes
4. show flash

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The show version command provides important information about a Cisco device, including the IOS or IOS XE software version, system uptime, hardware platform, memory information, and other system details. Administrators frequently use this command during troubleshooting, maintenance, and inventory tasks. The show interfaces command focuses on interface information, show processes displays process-related details, and show flash provides information about files stored in flash memory. Therefore, show version is the correct command for obtaining general system and software information.