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Question 81

Which protocol allows a router to automatically obtain an IPv4 address from a DHCP server?

1. DHCP
2. DNS
3. ARP
4. NTP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

DHCP, or Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, allows network devices to automatically obtain IPv4 configuration information from a DHCP server. This information can include an IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS server addresses. DHCP uses a client-server process involving messages such as DHCPDISCOVER, DHCPOFFER, DHCPREQUEST, and DHCPACK. This eliminates the need to manually configure every host with addressing information. DNS resolves names, ARP maps IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses, and NTP synchronizes time. Therefore, DHCP is the correct protocol for automatically obtaining IPv4 configuration.

Question 82

Which IPv4 address is reserved for testing the local TCP/IP protocol stack?

1. 169.254.1.1
2. 224.0.0.1
3. 127.0.0.1
4. 255.255.255.255

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The IPv4 address 127.0.0.1 is the loopback address commonly used to test the local TCP/IP protocol stack. Traffic sent to this address remains within the local device and does not travel onto the network. The loopback range is 127.0.0.0/8, with 127.0.0.1 being the most commonly used address. Addresses beginning with 169.254 are associated with link-local addressing, while 224.0.0.1 is an IPv4 multicast address. Therefore, 127.0.0.1 is the correct address for testing local TCP/IP functionality.

Question 83

Which command displays detailed information about IPv4 access lists configured on a Cisco router?

1. show ip protocols
2. show access-lists
3. show interfaces trunk
4. show spanning-tree

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The show access-lists command displays configured access control lists on a Cisco device and provides information about their entries. Depending on the ACL type and configuration, the output can include permit or deny statements and packet match counters. This information is useful when verifying ACL configuration and troubleshooting traffic filtering. show ip protocols provides routing protocol information, while show interfaces trunk focuses on trunk ports and show spanning-tree displays STP information. Therefore, show access-lists is the appropriate command for viewing configured ACL entries.

Question 84

Which type of NAT maps multiple private IPv4 addresses to a single public IPv4 address by using different port numbers?

1. Static NAT
2. Dynamic NAT
3. PAT
4. Destination NAT

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Port Address Translation, or PAT, allows many private IPv4 hosts to share one public IPv4 address by distinguishing individual connections through unique TCP or UDP port numbers. PAT is widely used in networks because public IPv4 addresses are limited. The router maintains translation information so return traffic can be delivered to the correct internal host. Static NAT generally creates a fixed one-to-one mapping, while dynamic NAT uses a pool of public addresses. Therefore, PAT is the translation method that allows multiple private addresses to share one public address using ports.

Question 85

Which routing protocol uses a hop count as its primary metric?

1. OSPF
2. EIGRP
3. RIP
4. BGP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

RIP, or Routing Information Protocol, uses hop count as its primary routing metric. Each router hop between the source and destination increases the metric by one. RIP considers a maximum of 15 hops reachable, while a metric of 16 represents an unreachable destination. OSPF uses cost, EIGRP uses a composite metric, and BGP primarily evaluates path attributes such as AS path. Although RIP is simple to configure, its hop-count limitation makes it unsuitable for many modern enterprise networks. Therefore, RIP is the correct answer.

Question 86

What is the main function of an extended IPv4 ACL?

1. Filter traffic based only on destination MAC address
2. Filter traffic using source, destination, protocol, and port information
3. Assign IP addresses to hosts
4. Establish OSPF neighbor relationships

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

An extended IPv4 ACL provides detailed traffic filtering by evaluating information such as source IP address, destination IP address, protocol, and TCP or UDP port numbers. This allows administrators to create specific security policies, such as permitting HTTP traffic from one subnet while denying other services. Standard IPv4 ACLs primarily filter according to source addresses and provide less granular control. ACLs do not assign IP addresses or establish routing protocol relationships. Therefore, extended ACLs are appropriate when detailed control over network traffic is required.

Question 87

Which protocol is used by Cisco devices to discover directly connected neighboring Cisco devices?

1. CDP
2. DHCP
3. SNMP
4. SMTP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Cisco Discovery Protocol, or CDP, allows Cisco devices to discover information about directly connected Cisco neighbors. It can provide details such as the neighboring device’s hostname, platform, interface, and management address. CDP operates at Layer 2 and is useful for network discovery and troubleshooting. DHCP provides address configuration, SNMP supports network management, and SMTP is used for email transmission. Because CDP is specifically designed for discovering directly connected Cisco equipment, it is the correct protocol for this purpose.

Question 88

Which command displays the current IPv4 routing table on a Cisco router?

1. show ip interface brief
2. show ip route
3. show running-config
4. show version

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The show ip route command displays the IPv4 routing table on a Cisco router. The routing table contains networks the router knows about, including connected networks, static routes, and routes learned through dynamic routing protocols. Each entry can include information such as the route source, administrative distance, metric, next-hop address, and outgoing interface. show ip interface brief summarizes interface status and addressing, while show running-config displays the active configuration. Therefore, show ip route is the correct command for viewing IPv4 routing information.

Question 89

Which wireless standard operates in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands and supports higher data rates than 802.11g?

1. 802.11b
2. 802.11g
3. 802.11n
4. 802.11a

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

IEEE 802.11n, commonly known as Wi-Fi 4, can operate in both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz frequency bands. It introduced technologies such as MIMO and channel bonding to improve wireless throughput compared with earlier standards. 802.11b and 802.11g primarily operate in the 2.4 GHz band, while 802.11a operates in the 5 GHz band. The ability of 802.11n to operate across both common Wi-Fi bands made it more flexible for wireless network deployments. Therefore, 802.11n is the correct answer.

Question 90

Which STP feature allows an end-device port to transition to the forwarding state quickly?

1. Root Guard
2. BPDU Filter
3. PortFast
4. Loop Guard

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

PortFast allows a switch port connected to an end device to transition quickly to the forwarding state without waiting through the normal STP transitional states. This reduces the delay experienced by devices such as computers when they connect to the network. PortFast should generally be enabled only on ports connected to end devices because enabling it on switch-to-switch links can increase the risk of switching loops. Root Guard and Loop Guard provide different STP protections, while BPDU filtering controls BPDU processing. Therefore, PortFast is the correct feature.

Question 91

Which IPv6 address range is reserved for link-local unicast addresses?

1. FC00::/7
2. FE80::/10
3. FF00::/8
4. 2000::/3

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The IPv6 prefix FE80::/10 is reserved for link-local unicast addresses. These addresses are automatically assigned to IPv6-enabled interfaces and are used for communication with devices on the same local link. Link-local addresses are important for IPv6 neighbor discovery and routing protocol operations. FC00::/7 is associated with unique local addresses, FF00::/8 is used for multicast addresses, and 2000::/3 contains global unicast addresses. Therefore, FE80::/10 is the correct prefix for IPv6 link-local unicast addressing.

Question 92

Which device normally operates primarily at Layer 2 and forwards Ethernet frames based on MAC addresses?

1. Router
2. Firewall
3. Switch
4. DNS server

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

A traditional Ethernet switch primarily operates at Layer 2 of the OSI model and forwards frames based on destination MAC addresses. The switch learns source MAC addresses from incoming frames and stores them in its MAC address table. When a destination MAC address is known, the switch forwards the frame through the appropriate interface. Routers primarily make Layer 3 forwarding decisions using IP addresses, while DNS servers resolve domain names. Therefore, a Layer 2 switch is the device primarily responsible for forwarding Ethernet frames using MAC addresses.

Question 93

Which Cisco IOS command saves the active running configuration to NVRAM?

1. copy running-config startup-config
2. erase startup-config
3. reload
4. delete flash:

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The copy running-config startup-config command saves the current active configuration from RAM to the startup configuration stored in NVRAM. This ensures that configuration changes are preserved when the device is restarted. Without saving the running configuration, changes made during the current session can be lost after a reload or power failure. The erase startup-config command removes the saved configuration, while reload restarts the device. Therefore, copying the running configuration to the startup configuration is the correct method for preserving changes.

Question 94

What is the primary purpose of an SVI on a multilayer switch?

1. To provide a physical serial connection
2. To provide a Layer 3 interface associated with a VLAN
3. To replace all switch ports
4. To establish a wireless connection

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A Switched Virtual Interface, or SVI, is a logical Layer 3 interface associated with a VLAN on a multilayer switch. SVIs can provide IP connectivity for hosts within a VLAN and can also be used for inter-VLAN routing when configured on a multilayer switch. Unlike a physical interface, an SVI is virtual and represents the Layer 3 interface for the associated VLAN. It is also commonly used for switch management. Therefore, an SVI provides a Layer 3 interface associated with a VLAN.

Question 95

Which protocol is commonly used to synchronize clocks across network devices?

1. DNS
2. FTP
3. NTP
4. ARP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Network Time Protocol, or NTP, is used to synchronize clocks across network devices and systems. Accurate time is important for troubleshooting, log correlation, authentication, security monitoring, and other network operations. Devices can synchronize their clocks with an NTP server or another reliable time source. DNS resolves hostnames, FTP transfers files, and ARP maps IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses. Keeping network devices synchronized ensures that timestamps in logs and monitoring systems can be compared accurately. Therefore, NTP is the correct protocol for network time synchronization.

Question 96

Which administrative distance is assigned by default to a directly connected route on a Cisco router?

1. 1
2. 90
3. 110
4. 0

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

Cisco routers assign an administrative distance of 0 to directly connected routes. Administrative distance is used to determine the trustworthiness of route sources when multiple routing sources provide information about the same destination. A lower administrative distance is preferred. Directly connected networks have the most trusted relationship because the router knows the network through an active local interface. Static routes normally have an administrative distance of 1, EIGRP internal routes use 90, and OSPF uses 110. Therefore, the default administrative distance for a directly connected route is 0.

Question 97

Which technology allows network administrators to authenticate users through a centralized server while providing accounting information?

1. AAA
2. NAT
3. STP
4. VTP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

AAA stands for Authentication, Authorization, and Accounting. It provides a framework for controlling administrative access to network devices and tracking user activity. Authentication verifies a user’s identity, authorization determines what the authenticated user is permitted to do, and accounting records information about user activity or sessions. AAA can use centralized services such as TACACS+ or RADIUS. NAT translates addresses, STP prevents Layer 2 loops, and VTP can distribute VLAN information in supported environments. Therefore, AAA is the framework that provides these three security functions.

Question 98

Which routing concept allows a router to forward packets using a less-specific route when no more-specific route exists?

1. Default routing
2. Port security
3. MAC learning
4. VLAN tagging

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Default routing provides a fallback path when a router does not have a more-specific route for a destination network. In IPv4, a default route is represented as 0.0.0.0/0, while IPv6 uses ::/0. The router forwards traffic matching no other routing-table entry toward the next hop or interface specified by the default route. This is especially useful for connecting branch networks to upstream providers or Internet gateways. MAC learning, port security, and VLAN tagging operate at switching or security functions rather than providing fallback Layer 3 routing.

Question 99

Which protocol provides network management information by allowing a management station to monitor devices and collect statistics?

1. SMTP
2. SNMP
3. SSH
4. TFTP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Simple Network Management Protocol, or SNMP, is used to monitor and manage network devices. An SNMP management station can query supported devices for operational information such as interface statistics, device status, and resource utilization. SNMP can also support notifications, such as traps, that alert management systems about specific events. SSH is primarily used for secure command-line administration, while TFTP is used for simple file transfers and SMTP is associated with email delivery. Therefore, SNMP is the appropriate protocol for centralized network monitoring and management information.

Question 100

Which Cisco IOS command displays the status, IP address, and protocol state of interfaces in a concise format?

1. show ip route
2. show vlan brief
3. show ip interface brief
4. show cdp neighbors

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The show ip interface brief command provides a concise overview of router or Layer 3 switch interfaces. Its output commonly includes the interface name, assigned IP address, administrative status, and line protocol status. This makes the command particularly useful for quickly identifying interfaces that are administratively down, physically unavailable, or incorrectly addressed. show ip route displays routing information, show vlan brief focuses on VLANs, and show cdp neighbors displays directly connected Cisco neighbors. Therefore, show ip interface brief is the correct command for this purpose.