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Question 221

Which EIGRP command provides information about the number of EIGRP peers and the interfaces through which they are reachable?

1. show ip route eigrp
2. show ip eigrp neighbors
3. show ip eigrp topology
4. show ip eigrp interfaces

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The show ip eigrp neighbors command displays information about EIGRP peer relationships. The output includes details such as the neighbor’s IP address, hold time, uptime, interface, and other adjacency information. This command is especially useful when verifying whether expected EIGRP neighbors have successfully formed relationships. If a neighbor is missing, administrators can investigate connectivity, autonomous-system configuration, K-values, passive interfaces, and filtering. The topology table provides route and metric information rather than focusing on neighbor relationships. The interfaces command provides interface-specific EIGRP information. Therefore, the neighbor command is the most direct method for verifying EIGRP peer status.

Question 222

Which BGP attribute is used to identify the preferred exit point from an autonomous system?

1. Local Preference
2. MED
3. Origin
4. AS Path

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Local Preference is commonly used to identify and influence the preferred exit point from an autonomous system. A higher Local Preference value is normally preferred during BGP best-path selection. Because Local Preference is propagated through iBGP, it can establish a consistent outbound routing policy across multiple routers within the same autonomous system. For example, a company can assign a higher value to routes learned through a primary ISP and a lower value to routes received through a backup ISP. Weight is evaluated before Local Preference on Cisco routers and can override the decision locally. Local Preference is therefore particularly useful for organization-wide outbound traffic engineering.

Question 223

Which OSPF packet is used to discover and maintain neighbor relationships?

1. Database Description
2. Link-State Request
3. Hello
4. Link-State Update

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

OSPF Hello packets are used to discover neighboring routers and maintain OSPF neighbor relationships. Hello packets contain information such as the Router ID, area ID, timers, network mask, priority, and known neighbors. Routers must have compatible key parameters before they can form an adjacency. Hello packets are sent periodically, and the Dead Interval determines how long a router can wait without receiving a Hello before declaring the neighbor unavailable. Other OSPF packet types perform different functions: Database Description packets summarize LSDB contents, Link-State Requests request missing LSAs, and Link-State Updates carry LSAs. Hello packets are therefore fundamental to OSPF neighbor discovery and maintenance.

Question 224

Which EIGRP value represents the best metric known by a router for reaching a destination?

1. Reported Distance
2. Feasible Distance
3. Administrative Distance
4. Variance

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Feasible Distance represents the best known metric from the local EIGRP router to a particular destination. It is associated with the currently selected successor path and is used as a reference when evaluating alternate routes. The Reported Distance is the metric reported by an EIGRP neighbor for reaching that destination. The feasibility condition compares these values to determine whether an alternate route can be considered loop-free. Administrative Distance is unrelated to the EIGRP metric itself and is used to compare routes from different routing sources. Understanding Feasible Distance and Reported Distance is essential when interpreting the EIGRP topology table and troubleshooting path selection.

Question 225

Which BGP attribute is normally preferred when its value is lower?

1. Local Preference
2. Weight
3. MED
4. Origin

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

MED is generally preferred when it has a lower numerical value. It can provide a suggestion to another autonomous system about which entry point should be preferred when multiple connections exist between the same autonomous systems. Unlike Local Preference and Weight, which are normally higher-is-better attributes, MED follows a lower-is-better comparison. MED is evaluated relatively late in the Cisco BGP best-path process, after attributes such as Weight, Local Preference, and AS Path. Its influence can also depend on configuration and policy applied by the receiving autonomous system. Therefore, MED should be viewed as a traffic-engineering signal rather than a guaranteed method of controlling inbound traffic.

Question 226

Which OSPF state indicates that routers have completed database synchronization?

1. Full
2. Init
3. Exchange
4. Loading

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The Full state indicates that an OSPF adjacency has completed the required database synchronization. At this stage, the routers have synchronized the relevant link-state information and can rely on their LSDBs for route calculation. On point-to-point links, neighbors normally reach Full state with each other. On broadcast networks, routers typically form Full adjacencies with the DR and BDR, while other routers may remain in 2-Way state. If an adjacency remains stuck in Exchange or Loading, administrators should investigate issues such as MTU mismatches, packet loss, or inconsistent OSPF parameters. Full state is therefore a key indicator of a successfully synchronized OSPF adjacency.

Question 227

Which EIGRP feature is designed to limit the routes advertised by a branch router to a hub router?

1. Variance
2. EIGRP stub
3. Split horizon
4. Feasible successor

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

EIGRP stub routing allows a branch router to limit the types of routes it advertises to its neighbors. This is particularly useful in hub-and-spoke environments where a branch router should not act as a transit router for other destinations. A stub router can advertise selected route categories, such as connected, static, summary, or redistributed routes, depending on configuration. Limiting the advertised information also reduces the scope of EIGRP queries and helps improve scalability. Stub routing does not change the basic EIGRP metric or feasibility condition. Instead, it defines the routing role of a router and prevents unnecessary query propagation through routers that should not provide transit routing.

Question 228

Which BGP command displays detailed information about a specific BGP neighbor?

1. show ip bgp summary
2. show ip bgp neighbors
3. show ip bgp
4. show ip route bgp

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The show ip bgp neighbors command provides detailed information about BGP peer relationships. It can display the remote AS, BGP state, timers, capabilities, message counters, negotiated parameters, route-policy information, and other details depending on the platform and configuration. This command is especially useful when troubleshooting a particular BGP session. The show ip bgp summary command provides a concise overview of all neighbors, while show ip bgp displays the local BGP routing table. The show ip route bgp command focuses on BGP routes installed in the IP routing table. Detailed neighbor troubleshooting therefore commonly begins with the neighbors command.

Question 229

Which OSPF LSA type describes the links and networks directly connected to an OSPF router?

1. Type 1
2. Type 2
3. Type 3
4. Type 5

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Type 1 OSPF LSAs are Router LSAs generated by each OSPF router for an area in which it participates. They describe the router’s links, connected networks, neighbor relationships, and associated costs. These LSAs remain within the originating area and are used by routers to build the area’s link-state database. Type 2 LSAs describe multiaccess networks and are generated by the DR. Type 3 LSAs advertise networks between areas, while Type 5 LSAs describe external routes. Understanding Type 1 LSAs is important when examining OSPF topology information and determining how the SPF algorithm sees the internal structure of an area.

Question 230

Which EIGRP packet is sent in response to an EIGRP Query?

1. Update
2. Hello
3. Reply
4. Acknowledgment

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

An EIGRP Reply packet is sent in response to an EIGRP Query. When an EIGRP router loses its successor and does not have a feasible successor, it can send Queries to neighbors asking whether they have an alternate route. Each neighbor processes the Query and sends a Reply indicating whether it has a valid route or needs to continue the query process. EIGRP waits for appropriate Replies before completing the DUAL calculation for the affected destination. Excessive Query propagation can negatively affect convergence, which is why features such as EIGRP stub routing and summarization are useful for controlling the query domain.

Question 231

Which BGP attribute is commonly used to influence the path selected by routers within the same autonomous system?

1. Local Preference
2. MED
3. AS Path
4. Origin

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Local Preference is commonly used to influence BGP path selection within an autonomous system. It is carried through iBGP and normally has the same value or policy significance across multiple internal routers. A higher Local Preference is preferred, allowing administrators to select a preferred external exit point for outbound traffic. For example, routes received from a primary ISP can be assigned a higher Local Preference than routes received from a secondary ISP. Weight can also influence local BGP decisions, but it is Cisco-specific and remains local to the router. Local Preference is therefore more suitable when a routing policy needs to influence multiple routers inside an autonomous system.

Question 232

Which OSPF network type does not require a DR or BDR election?

1. Broadcast
2. Non-broadcast multiaccess
3. Point-to-point
4. Ethernet broadcast

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

OSPF point-to-point network types do not require a Designated Router or Backup Designated Router election. A point-to-point connection has only two endpoints, so there is no need to reduce the number of adjacencies through a DR. The two routers can form a direct OSPF adjacency and normally progress to the Full state. Broadcast and non-broadcast multiaccess networks can require DR and BDR elections because multiple routers share the same logical segment. Understanding the network type is important when troubleshooting OSPF adjacency behavior, multicast operation, and DR-related problems. Incorrect network-type configuration can cause unexpected neighbor states or adjacency failures.

Question 233

Which EIGRP mechanism allows a router to immediately use an alternate route when the successor fails, provided the alternate satisfies the feasibility condition?

1. Split horizon
2. Feasible successor
3. Stub routing
4. Route summarization

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A feasible successor is an alternate EIGRP path that satisfies the feasibility condition and can therefore be used without waiting for a full query-based convergence process. The feasibility condition requires the neighbor’s Reported Distance to be less than the local router’s Feasible Distance. This provides EIGRP with a loop-free alternate path. If the successor fails and a feasible successor exists, EIGRP can quickly promote that path to become the new successor. If no feasible successor is available, EIGRP may need to query neighboring routers to discover another route. This mechanism is one of the key reasons EIGRP can converge efficiently after topology changes.

Question 234

Which BGP message is used to signal a serious protocol error and terminate a BGP session?

1. Update
2. Open
3. Keepalive
4. Notification

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

BGP Notification messages are used to report serious protocol errors and normally terminate the affected BGP session. A Notification contains an error code and error subcode that help identify the reason for session termination. Examples can include message header errors, Open message errors, and Hold Timer expiration. After a Notification is sent, the BGP session is closed. Keepalive messages maintain an active session, Open messages negotiate session parameters, and Update messages exchange routing information. When troubleshooting a BGP session that repeatedly resets, examining logs and the circumstances surrounding Notification messages can help identify configuration or protocol problems causing the session to terminate.

Question 235

Which OSPF LSA type is generated by an ABR to advertise networks from one area into another area?

1. Type 3
2. Type 1
3. Type 4
4. Type 7

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

An Area Border Router generates Type 3 Summary LSAs to advertise networks from one OSPF area into another. These LSAs allow routers to learn inter-area destinations without requiring the complete detailed topology of another area. The ABR creates the Type 3 information based on networks known within the source area and advertises it into other connected areas. Type 1 LSAs describe individual routers, Type 4 LSAs provide information about reaching an ASBR in another area, and Type 7 LSAs are used for external routes inside NSSAs. Type 3 LSAs are therefore central to communication between different OSPF areas.

Question 236

Which EIGRP parameter can be configured to support unequal-cost load balancing?

1. K-value
2. Variance
3. Hold timer
4. Hello timer

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The EIGRP variance parameter is used to enable unequal-cost load balancing. By default, EIGRP generally installs equal-cost paths when multiple routes have the same metric. Variance allows additional feasible paths with higher metrics to be considered for installation. The configured variance acts as a multiplier against the best-path metric to determine the acceptable metric range. However, an alternate path must still satisfy the EIGRP feasibility condition. Variance therefore does not make every available route eligible. It expands the range of metrics that can be accepted for load balancing while preserving EIGRP’s loop-free path requirements.

Question 237

Which BGP attribute is used to identify how a route entered the BGP routing system?

1. Origin
2. Weight
3. MED
4. Next Hop

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The BGP Origin attribute identifies how a route was introduced into BGP. It has three common values: IGP, EGP, and Incomplete. IGP is generally associated with routes introduced using a BGP network statement, while redistribution into BGP commonly results in an Incomplete origin. EGP is a historical value associated with the old EGP protocol and is rarely encountered in modern networks. During BGP best-path selection, IGP is preferred over EGP, and EGP is preferred over Incomplete when the comparison reaches the Origin attribute. Origin is evaluated after several higher-priority attributes, so it does not independently determine the best route.

Question 238

Which OSPF command can be used to verify the OSPF process ID, router ID, and area information?

1. show ip ospf
2. show ip ospf neighbor
3. show ip ospf database
4. show ip route ospf

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The show ip ospf command provides information about the OSPF routing process. Depending on the Cisco IOS version and configuration, the output includes the OSPF process ID, Router ID, areas, SPF statistics, timers, and other process-level details. It is useful when verifying the overall OSPF configuration on a router. The neighbor command focuses on adjacency information, while the database command displays LSAs contained in the link-state database. The routing command displays routes selected and installed through OSPF. When troubleshooting an OSPF deployment, show ip ospf is particularly useful for confirming that the expected process and areas are active.

Question 239

Which EIGRP behavior helps prevent routing loops by requiring an alternate path to satisfy a mathematical condition before becoming a feasible successor?

1. Split horizon
2. Variance
3. Feasibility condition
4. Route summarization

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The EIGRP feasibility condition is used to determine whether an alternate route can be considered a feasible successor. The neighbor’s Reported Distance must be less than the local router’s Feasible Distance for the destination. This condition provides a loop-free guarantee for the alternate path under EIGRP’s routing model. When the successor fails, a qualifying feasible successor can immediately become the new successor without requiring the router to query all neighbors. If no feasible successor exists, EIGRP may enter an active state and use Query and Reply processing to find another route. This mechanism is fundamental to EIGRP’s loop prevention and fast convergence behavior.

Question 240

Which BGP attribute identifies the IP address that should be used to reach a BGP destination?

1. Origin
2. Next Hop
3. MED
4. Weight

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The BGP Next Hop attribute identifies the IP address that a router should use as the next hop toward a BGP destination. The next-hop address must be reachable through the local routing table for the BGP route to be usable. In eBGP, the advertising router normally becomes the next hop for routes it advertises. In iBGP, the original next-hop information can remain unchanged, which may require additional internal routing or the next-hop-self feature. Troubleshooting BGP route installation should therefore include verification of next-hop reachability. A BGP route may appear in the BGP table but still fail to enter the routing table if its next hop is unreachable.