View Full Cisco CCNP Wireless 350-101 Exam Dumps and Practice Test Dumps

 

Question 21: Which 802.11 mechanism is used to reduce collisions caused by hidden wireless nodes?

1. DTIM
2. RTS/CTS
3. BSSID
4. DFS

Correct Answer: 2. RTS/CTS

Explanation:
Request to Send/Clear to Send, or RTS/CTS, is an 802.11 mechanism designed to help reduce collisions caused by hidden nodes. A client can send an RTS frame before transmitting data, and the access point responds with CTS to reserve the medium for the expected transmission. Other stations that hear the CTS can defer their transmissions for the specified duration. DTIM controls delivery of buffered broadcast and multicast traffic, BSSID identifies a wireless BSS, and DFS addresses radar detection and channel availability in applicable 5-GHz spectrum. RTS/CTS is therefore the mechanism directly associated with mitigating hidden-node problems.

Question 22: Which wireless identifier uniquely identifies a specific Basic Service Set?

1. SSID
2. VLAN ID
3. BSSID
4. RF channel

Correct Answer: 3. BSSID

Explanation:
The Basic Service Set Identifier, or BSSID, identifies a specific wireless Basic Service Set and is commonly represented by the MAC address of the access point radio providing the WLAN. An SSID is the human-readable network name and can be shared by multiple APs to form an extended service area. A VLAN ID identifies a Layer 2 VLAN, while an RF channel identifies the radio frequency channel used for transmission. BSSID information is particularly useful when troubleshooting roaming, neighboring APs, and wireless associations because it identifies the specific BSS to which a client is connected.

Question 23: Which 802.11 parameter determines the interval at which an access point periodically transmits beacon frames?

1. Beacon interval
2. SNR
3. Guard interval
4. Channel utilization

Correct Answer: 1. Beacon interval

Explanation:
The beacon interval specifies how frequently an access point transmits beacon frames. Beacon frames advertise information about the WLAN and provide clients with timing and capability information. A shorter interval can cause beacons to be transmitted more frequently, increasing management overhead, while a longer interval can reduce beacon overhead but may affect certain client discovery and power-management behaviors. SNR measures signal quality relative to noise, guard interval is associated with OFDM transmission timing, and channel utilization indicates how busy the RF medium is. Therefore, the beacon interval directly controls the periodic timing of AP beacon transmissions.

Question 24: Which Cisco wireless deployment mode is primarily intended for detecting rogue access points and other wireless threats rather than serving normal client traffic?

1. Local mode
2. FlexConnect mode
3. Monitor mode
4. Bridge mode

Correct Answer: 3. Monitor mode

Explanation:
Monitor mode configures an access point primarily for wireless monitoring functions rather than normal client access. Depending on the platform and configuration, a monitor-mode AP can scan the RF environment and assist with detecting rogue access points, unauthorized devices, and other wireless security events. Local mode is commonly used for normal WLAN client service with controller-based operation, while FlexConnect supports remote-site deployments with local switching. Bridge mode is used for specific wireless bridging scenarios. Monitor mode is therefore the deployment mode most directly associated with dedicated wireless monitoring and security detection.

Question 25: What is the primary purpose of Dynamic Frequency Selection (DFS) in supported 5-GHz WLAN channels?

1. To increase Ethernet speed
2. To detect radar activity and avoid affected channels
3. To provide client authentication
4. To assign VLANs to wireless clients

Correct Answer: 2. To detect radar activity and avoid affected channels

Explanation:
Dynamic Frequency Selection, or DFS, allows compatible wireless devices operating on designated 5-GHz channels to detect radar activity and take appropriate action to avoid interfering with protected radar systems. When radar is detected, the AP may need to vacate the affected channel and select another permitted channel. DFS is therefore primarily a regulatory and RF coexistence mechanism. It does not provide client authentication, assign VLANs, or increase Ethernet speed. Because DFS behavior varies according to regulatory domain and supported hardware, administrators must consider local regulatory requirements when deploying WLANs on DFS channels.

Question 26: Which 802.11 feature allows a station to conserve power by informing the access point that it will temporarily sleep?

1. Power Save
2. MU-MIMO
3. Beamforming
4. Channel bonding

Correct Answer: 1. Power Save

Explanation:
802.11 Power Save mechanisms allow wireless clients to reduce power consumption by entering a low-power or sleep state when they do not need to actively receive traffic. The access point can buffer certain traffic for the sleeping client and indicate that buffered traffic is available through mechanisms associated with beacon and delivery information. MU-MIMO allows multiple spatial streams to serve users, beamforming improves signal directionality, and channel bonding combines adjacent channels to provide wider bandwidth. Power Save is therefore the feature directly associated with reducing client battery consumption during periods of inactivity.

Question 27: Which Cisco wireless technology can provide centralized authentication while allowing wireless traffic to be locally switched at a remote branch?

1. FlexConnect
2. Autonomous AP
3. Sniffer mode
4. Monitor mode

Correct Answer: 1. FlexConnect

Explanation:
FlexConnect is designed for remote-site deployments where access points remain centrally managed while client traffic can be switched locally. This allows a branch WLAN to maintain centralized control and authentication capabilities while avoiding the requirement to tunnel all user traffic back to a centralized controller location. Depending on the design, FlexConnect can also support local authentication and local services during controller connectivity interruptions. Autonomous APs operate independently, while monitor and sniffer modes are specialized monitoring configurations. FlexConnect therefore provides the architecture that best matches centralized management with local traffic switching at remote sites.

Question 28: Which RF metric is commonly expressed in dBm and represents received signal strength?

1. SNR
2. RSSI
3. EIRP
4. Channel utilization

Correct Answer: 2. RSSI

Explanation:
Received Signal Strength Indicator, or RSSI, is a measurement associated with the strength of a received wireless signal and is commonly represented using a dBm-based value on Cisco wireless platforms. Stronger received signal levels generally provide better conditions for maintaining higher data rates, although signal strength alone does not determine wireless quality. SNR considers the relationship between signal and noise, EIRP describes effective radiated transmit power, and channel utilization indicates how heavily the RF medium is being used. RSSI is therefore the metric most directly associated with the received signal strength observed by a wireless device.

Question 29: Which authentication framework is commonly used with WPA2-Enterprise and WPA3-Enterprise deployments?

1. 802.1X
2. WEP
3. Open authentication only
4. MAC flooding

Correct Answer: 1. 802.1X

Explanation:
802.1X is commonly used as the authentication framework for enterprise wireless security deployments such as WPA2-Enterprise and WPA3-Enterprise. It provides port-based access control and commonly works with EAP methods and a RADIUS authentication server. This architecture allows organizations to authenticate users or devices individually rather than relying on one shared wireless password. WEP is an obsolete and insecure wireless security mechanism, while open authentication alone does not provide equivalent enterprise authentication. MAC flooding is unrelated to WLAN authentication. Therefore, 802.1X is the appropriate framework for enterprise WLAN authentication.

Question 30: Which component acts as the authenticator in a typical 802.1X wireless architecture?

1. Wireless client
2. RADIUS server
3. Access point or wireless LAN controller
4. DNS server

Correct Answer: 3. Access point or wireless LAN controller

Explanation:
In a typical 802.1X wireless architecture, the wireless client acts as the supplicant, the access point or wireless LAN controller acts as the authenticator, and the RADIUS server performs authentication services. The authenticator controls access to the WLAN and communicates with the authentication server on behalf of the client. The RADIUS server does not normally act as the wireless access point itself, while DNS provides name resolution rather than authentication. Understanding these roles is important when troubleshooting enterprise WLAN authentication because a failure can occur between the client, authenticator, or authentication server.

Question 31: Which Cisco wireless feature can automatically detect neighboring access points and help optimize radio channel assignments?

1. RRM
2. NAT
3. DHCP Relay
4. STP

Correct Answer: 1. RRM

Explanation:
Cisco Radio Resource Management, or RRM, allows wireless infrastructure to gather information about the RF environment and dynamically optimize parameters such as channel selection and transmit power. By receiving measurements from access points and considering neighboring RF conditions, RRM can help reduce interference and maintain appropriate coverage. NAT translates IP addresses, DHCP Relay forwards DHCP requests between networks, and STP prevents Layer 2 loops. RRM is therefore the wireless management capability most directly associated with automated RF optimization and channel management in Cisco controller-based WLAN deployments.

Question 32: Which wireless design issue occurs when two or more nearby access points use the same channel and their coverage areas overlap significantly?

1. DNS conflict
2. Co-channel interference
3. DHCP starvation
4. IP fragmentation

Correct Answer: 2. Co-channel interference

Explanation:
Co-channel interference occurs when multiple wireless radios operating on the same channel have overlapping coverage areas and compete for access to the shared RF medium. In 802.11 networks, devices sharing a channel generally coordinate access rather than transmitting independently at the same time, so excessive channel reuse can reduce available airtime and network capacity. Proper RF planning and appropriate channel reuse help minimize unnecessary contention. DNS conflicts, DHCP starvation, and IP fragmentation are unrelated to this RF condition. Co-channel interference is therefore the term used when overlapping radios share the same RF channel and contend for airtime.

Question 33: What is the primary difference between co-channel interference and adjacent-channel interference?

1. Co-channel uses the same channel, while adjacent-channel involves overlapping or nearby channels
2. Co-channel occurs only on wired networks
3. Adjacent-channel interference requires different VLANs
4. There is no practical difference

Correct Answer: 1. Co-channel uses the same channel, while adjacent-channel involves overlapping or nearby channels

Explanation:
Co-channel interference occurs when multiple radios use the same RF channel and their coverage areas overlap, resulting in shared-medium contention. Adjacent-channel interference occurs when radios use channels whose frequency ranges overlap or are insufficiently separated, causing unwanted energy from one channel to interfere with another. Proper channel planning is therefore important in both 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz deployments, with channel availability and regulatory restrictions considered during design. The two conditions are different RF problems and can have different mitigation approaches. The key distinction is that co-channel involves reuse of the same channel, while adjacent-channel involves insufficiently separated channels.

Question 34: Which 2.4-GHz channel set is commonly used to avoid overlap in regulatory domains where these channels are permitted?

1. 1, 6, and 11
2. 2, 7, and 12
3. 3, 8, and 13
4. 4, 9, and 14

Correct Answer: 1. 1, 6, and 11

Explanation:
Channels 1, 6, and 11 are commonly used as a three-channel non-overlapping plan in the 2.4-GHz Wi-Fi band in regulatory domains where those channels are available. Using this channel set helps reduce adjacent-channel overlap between neighboring access points. The exact channel availability and regulatory requirements can vary by country or region, so WLAN designers should always verify the applicable regulatory domain. Other channel combinations can create overlapping RF coverage because 2.4-GHz channels are closely spaced. The 1, 6, and 11 plan is therefore a widely used approach for basic 2.4-GHz channel planning.

Question 35: Which 802.11 capability allows multiple users to be served simultaneously using different spatial streams?

1. CSMA/CA
2. MU-MIMO
3. WEP
4. DFS

Correct Answer: 2. MU-MIMO

Explanation:
Multi-User Multiple-Input Multiple-Output, or MU-MIMO, allows a compatible access point to communicate with multiple clients simultaneously using separate spatial streams under supported conditions. This can improve spectrum efficiency and overall WLAN capacity compared with serving users sequentially. CSMA/CA is the fundamental medium-access mechanism used by Wi-Fi, WEP is an obsolete security technology, and DFS addresses radar detection in applicable spectrum. MU-MIMO is therefore the technology specifically associated with simultaneous spatially separated transmissions to multiple clients.

Question 36: Which 802.11 standard introduced MIMO and support for wider 40-MHz channels?

1. 802.11a
2. 802.11b
3. 802.11n
4. 802.11g

Correct Answer: 3. 802.11n

Explanation:
IEEE 802.11n introduced major performance improvements including MIMO, channel bonding, and support for wider 40-MHz channels. It could operate in both the 2.4-GHz and 5-GHz bands, depending on the implementation and regulatory environment. These enhancements significantly increased throughput compared with earlier 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g technologies. 802.11a and 802.11g provided lower maximum throughput and did not introduce the same MIMO capabilities, while 802.11b focused on lower-speed 2.4-GHz operation. Therefore, 802.11n is the standard most directly associated with MIMO and 40-MHz channel support.

Question 37: Which protocol is commonly used by Cisco lightweight APs to discover available wireless LAN controllers?

1. CAPWAP Discovery
2. FTP
3. SNMP only
4. HTTP

Correct Answer: 1. CAPWAP Discovery

Explanation:
Cisco lightweight access points use CAPWAP discovery mechanisms to locate potential wireless LAN controllers. Discovery can involve several methods depending on the network design, including previously learned controller information, DHCP-based discovery, DNS-based discovery, and other supported mechanisms. Once a controller is discovered and selected, the AP establishes a CAPWAP control relationship with that controller. FTP, HTTP, and SNMP do not replace the CAPWAP discovery process used for lightweight AP-to-controller operation. Therefore, CAPWAP discovery is the mechanism most directly associated with locating a suitable wireless LAN controller.

Question 38: Which CAPWAP channel is primarily responsible for carrying management and control information between an AP and controller?

1. Data channel
2. Control channel
3. Client channel
4. Broadcast channel

Correct Answer: 2. Control channel

Explanation:
CAPWAP uses separate logical functions for control and data communication between a lightweight access point and its wireless LAN controller. The CAPWAP control channel carries management and control information used for tasks such as AP configuration, operational state, and control signaling. The data channel can carry client traffic when centralized forwarding is being used. These channels allow the controller to centrally manage AP operation while providing a mechanism for transporting user traffic when required. Therefore, the control channel is specifically responsible for management and control communication between the AP and controller.

Question 39: Which wireless client behavior is most likely to cause a sticky-client problem?

1. The client remains associated with a distant AP despite a nearby AP offering stronger coverage
2. The client immediately changes APs whenever it sees a beacon
3. The client disables its wireless radio after authentication
4. The client receives a DHCP address

Correct Answer: 1. The client remains associated with a distant AP despite a nearby AP offering stronger coverage

Explanation:
A sticky client is a wireless device that remains associated with an access point even after moving into an area where another AP would provide a stronger or more suitable connection. Client roaming decisions are influenced significantly by client-side algorithms, and some devices may delay roaming even when the current AP’s signal quality has degraded. This can result in poor performance, low data rates, and unnecessary airtime consumption. Simply receiving a DHCP address does not create a sticky-client condition. A client remaining connected to a distant AP despite better nearby coverage is the characteristic behavior associated with this problem.

Question 40: Which Cisco wireless troubleshooting tool provides a graphical representation of RF coverage and can help identify coverage holes?

1. Wireless site survey
2. DNS lookup
3. DHCP relay
4. ARP inspection

Correct Answer: 1. Wireless site survey

Explanation:
A wireless site survey is used to evaluate RF coverage, signal strength, noise levels, channel utilization, and other wireless characteristics across a physical environment. Survey results can be visualized on floor plans to identify coverage holes, excessive interference, weak signal areas, and other RF design problems. This information helps engineers determine appropriate access-point placement, channel assignments, and transmit-power levels. DNS lookup, DHCP relay, and ARP inspection perform unrelated network functions. A wireless site survey is therefore a key tool for validating WLAN RF design and identifying areas where additional coverage or optimization may be required.