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Question 141

Which protocol is used to map an IPv4 address to a MAC address on a local network?

1. DNS
2. DHCP
3. ARP
4. ICMP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Address Resolution Protocol, or ARP, maps an IPv4 address to the corresponding MAC address on a local network segment. When a device needs to communicate with another IPv4 host on the same LAN, it can send an ARP request asking which device owns a particular IP address. The destination device responds with its MAC address, allowing the sender to construct an Ethernet frame. DNS resolves names, DHCP provides network configuration, and ICMP supports diagnostic and control messaging.

Question 142

Which type of cable is most resistant to electromagnetic interference?

1. Fiber-optic
2. Coaxial
3. UTP
4. STP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Fiber-optic cable is highly resistant to electromagnetic interference because it transmits information using pulses of light rather than electrical signals. This makes fiber particularly useful in environments with substantial electrical equipment, industrial machinery, or strong electromagnetic fields. UTP uses copper conductors and can be affected by interference, while STP provides additional shielding but remains an electrical medium. Coaxial cable also provides shielding but is not immune to interference. Fiber is therefore the strongest choice when EMI resistance is a major requirement.

Question 143

Which DNS record is used for reverse DNS lookups?

1. MX
2. PTR
3. CNAME
4. TXT

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A PTR, or Pointer, record is used for reverse DNS lookups, where an IP address is mapped back to a hostname. Reverse DNS is commonly used for troubleshooting, logging, email-server verification, and other administrative purposes. Forward DNS typically uses records such as A or AAAA to map hostnames to IP addresses. MX identifies mail servers, CNAME creates hostname aliases, and TXT stores text-based information. Correct PTR configuration can help administrators verify the identity associated with an IP address.

Question 144

A network administrator wants to prevent switching loops. Which technology should be configured?

1. NAT
2. STP
3. DHCP
4. DNS

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Spanning Tree Protocol, or STP, prevents Layer 2 switching loops by logically blocking redundant paths while maintaining them as backup connections. Without loop prevention, redundant Ethernet links can create broadcast storms, duplicate frames, and unstable MAC address tables. STP monitors the topology and can activate an alternate path when the active path fails. NAT translates addresses, DHCP provides client configuration, and DNS performs name resolution. STP is therefore a fundamental technology for maintaining stable Ethernet switching environments with redundant links.

Question 145

Which IPv4 address is within a private address range?

1. 8.8.8.8
2. 172.20.5.10
3. 1.1.1.1
4. 203.0.113.10

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The address 172.20.5.10 belongs to the private IPv4 range 172.16.0.0 through 172.31.255.255. Private addresses are intended for internal networks and are not directly routable across the public internet. The 10.0.0.0/8 and 192.168.0.0/16 ranges are also private IPv4 spaces. Public addresses are generally routable on the internet, subject to routing and security controls. Recognizing private address ranges is important when configuring LANs, NAT, firewalls, and routing policies.

Question 146

Which protocol is commonly used for network device monitoring and management?

1. SNMP
2. SMTP
3. SMB
4. SIP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Simple Network Management Protocol, or SNMP, is widely used to monitor and manage network devices such as switches, routers, servers, printers, and access points. Network management systems can use SNMP to collect information such as interface status, traffic counters, errors, and device health. SNMP versions provide different security capabilities, with SNMPv3 offering stronger authentication and encryption than older versions. SMTP handles email, SMB supports file and resource sharing, and SIP is associated with voice and multimedia session signaling.

Question 147

What is the main purpose of a firewall?

1. Assign IP addresses
2. Filter traffic according to security rules
3. Resolve DNS names
4. Synchronize system clocks

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A firewall controls network traffic according to configured security policies. It can permit, deny, or inspect traffic based on criteria such as source and destination addresses, ports, protocols, applications, or connection states. Firewalls can help separate trusted and untrusted networks and reduce unauthorized access. DHCP assigns addresses, DNS resolves names, and NTP synchronizes time. Depending on its type, a firewall may operate at different layers and provide additional functions such as application inspection, NAT, VPN services, or intrusion prevention.

Question 148

Which wireless frequency band generally provides the greatest number of available non-overlapping channels among common modern Wi-Fi bands?

1. 2.4 GHz
2. 5 GHz
3. 900 MHz
4. 6 GHz

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

The 6 GHz Wi-Fi band provides a large amount of additional spectrum and supports many wider channels, making it valuable for modern high-capacity wireless deployments. The exact number of usable channels depends on the regulatory domain and supported channel widths. The 2.4 GHz band has relatively limited spectrum and fewer non-overlapping channels. The 5 GHz band provides more options than 2.4 GHz but generally less spectrum than 6 GHz. Availability can vary by country and wireless standard.

Question 149

Which IPv6 feature allows routers to advertise network prefixes to hosts?

1. Router Advertisement
2. ARP
3. DHCP Discover
4. DNS Notify

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

IPv6 Router Advertisement messages allow routers to provide hosts with information about the local network, including address prefixes and other configuration details. These messages are part of IPv6 Neighbor Discovery and can support automatic host configuration through mechanisms such as SLAAC. IPv6 does not use ARP; it uses Neighbor Discovery instead. DHCP Discover is associated with IPv4 DHCP, while DNS Notify is related to DNS zone-transfer coordination. Router Advertisements are therefore central to IPv6 host configuration and network discovery.

Question 150

Which device connects wireless clients to a wired Ethernet network?

1. Modem
2. Access point
3. Patch panel
4. UPS

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A wireless access point provides wireless connectivity and bridges wireless clients to a wired network infrastructure. Devices such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets can connect to the access point over Wi-Fi and communicate with resources on the Ethernet network. A modem provides connectivity to a service provider, a patch panel organizes physical cabling, and a UPS provides backup electrical power. Enterprise access points may also support features such as VLANs, authentication, roaming, multiple SSIDs, and centralized management.

Question 151

Which protocol provides secure file transfer through an SSH connection?

1. FTP
2. TFTP
3. SFTP
4. SMB

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

SFTP, or SSH File Transfer Protocol, provides secure file transfer through an SSH-based connection. It encrypts authentication and file-transfer data, making it suitable for transferring sensitive files across untrusted networks. Traditional FTP does not provide encryption by itself, while TFTP is a lightweight protocol without authentication and encryption. SMB is commonly used for file and printer sharing within network environments. SFTP is therefore a suitable choice when secure file transfer and protected credentials are required.

Question 152

Which cloud model provides computing resources over the internet from a provider’s infrastructure?

1. Public cloud
2. Private cloud
3. On-premises
4. Offline infrastructure

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A public cloud provides computing, storage, networking, and other resources from infrastructure operated by a cloud service provider and accessed over a network, commonly the internet. Customers generally consume resources without owning the underlying physical infrastructure. A private cloud is dedicated to a particular organization, while on-premises infrastructure is hosted within the organization’s own facilities. Public cloud environments can offer scalable networking resources and services while shifting much of the physical infrastructure management to the provider.

Question 153

Which protocol is commonly associated with real-time voice and video media streams?

1. LDAP
2. RTP
3. NTP
4. TFTP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Real-time Transport Protocol, or RTP, is commonly used to carry real-time audio and video data across IP networks. It provides sequence information and timestamps that help receiving systems properly handle media streams and account for timing variations. RTP is often used alongside signaling protocols that establish communication sessions. LDAP provides directory services, NTP synchronizes clocks, and TFTP transfers files. RTP is particularly important for applications such as voice over IP, video conferencing, and other real-time communication systems.

Question 154

What does network latency measure?

1. Signal encryption strength
2. Available storage
3. Time taken for data to travel between endpoints
4. Number of connected devices

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Network latency measures the time required for data to travel between endpoints or for a response to return, depending on how the measurement is defined. Low latency is especially important for applications such as voice calls, video conferencing, gaming, and interactive services. High latency can make applications feel slow even when bandwidth is sufficient. Latency differs from throughput, which measures the amount of data transferred over time, and jitter, which measures variation in packet arrival timing.

Question 155

Which wireless security method commonly uses 802.1X authentication with a centralized authentication server?

1. WPA2-Enterprise
2. WEP
3. WPA-Personal
4. Open authentication

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

WPA2-Enterprise commonly uses IEEE 802.1X authentication and an authentication server such as RADIUS to provide centralized user or device authentication. This is different from personal or pre-shared-key configurations, where multiple users typically share a common wireless password. Enterprise authentication allows organizations to manage individual credentials and apply stronger access controls. WEP is obsolete, while open authentication provides no meaningful wireless encryption by itself. WPA2-Enterprise remains an important concept when studying enterprise wireless security architectures.

Question 156

Which network service automatically provides IP configuration to clients?

1. DNS
2. DHCP
3. SNMP
4. NTP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol, or DHCP, automatically provides network configuration to clients. Depending on the scope and options configured, a DHCP server can provide an IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, DNS server addresses, lease duration, and other parameters. This reduces the need for administrators to configure every host manually. DNS resolves names, SNMP supports monitoring, and NTP synchronizes system clocks. DHCP is particularly useful in environments with many client devices because address assignment can be centrally managed.

Question 157

Which WAN technology uses a provider-managed virtual network to connect geographically separated sites?

1. MPLS
2. Bluetooth
3. VLAN
4. NFC

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Multiprotocol Label Switching, or MPLS, is a WAN technology commonly used by service providers to connect geographically distributed sites. MPLS networks use labels to help forward traffic through provider infrastructure and can support traffic engineering and different service requirements. Organizations can use provider-managed MPLS connections to link branch offices, data centers, and other locations. Bluetooth and NFC are short-range wireless technologies, while VLANs provide local Layer 2 segmentation. MPLS is therefore associated with service-provider WAN connectivity.

Question 158

Which troubleshooting tool can identify the path packets take toward a destination?

1. ping
2. tracert
3. ipconfig
4. arp

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The Windows tracert command identifies the network path between a source device and a destination by displaying intermediate hops. It can help administrators determine where connectivity problems or increased latency may occur along the route. Ping primarily tests reachability and response time, ipconfig displays local interface configuration, and arp displays or manages local IPv4-to-MAC mappings. Traceroute is the corresponding command commonly used on many Unix-like systems. Path-tracing tools are valuable when the destination is reachable only intermittently or through a complex route.

Question 159

Which attack attempts to overwhelm a switch’s MAC address table with fabricated addresses?

1. DNS poisoning
2. DHCP starvation
3. MAC flooding
4. Evil twin

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

A MAC flooding attack attempts to overwhelm a switch’s MAC address table with numerous fabricated source MAC addresses. If the table becomes saturated, the switch may handle some traffic less efficiently and could begin flooding frames out multiple ports, depending on its behavior and configuration. Port security and appropriate switch controls can help mitigate this type of attack. DNS poisoning targets name resolution, DHCP starvation consumes address leases, and an evil twin imitates a legitimate wireless network.

Question 160

Which network design provides an alternate path if the primary network link fails?

1. Redundancy
2. Compression
3. Fragmentation
4. Encapsulation

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Network redundancy provides alternate components or paths that can maintain connectivity when a primary link or device fails. Redundancy can include multiple network links, dual switches, redundant routers, backup WAN connections, or high-availability gateway technologies. The objective is to reduce single points of failure and improve network availability. Compression reduces data size, fragmentation divides packets into smaller units, and encapsulation adds protocol information as data moves through network layers. Redundant design is therefore an important part of resilient network architecture.