View Full CompTIA Tech+ FC0-U71 Exam Dumps and Practice Test Dumps

 

Question 141.

Which security objective focuses on ensuring that systems and data are accessible when authorized users need them?

1. Confidentiality
   2. Integrity
   3. Availability
   4. Obfuscation

Correct Answer: 3. Availability

Explanation:

Availability means ensuring that systems, applications, and information remain accessible to authorized users when required. Controls that support availability include backups, redundant hardware, failover systems, reliable power, disaster recovery plans, and protection against denial-of-service attacks. Confidentiality protects information from unauthorized disclosure, while integrity protects against improper modification. These three concepts are commonly grouped as the confidentiality, integrity, and availability model. Strong security requires balancing all three rather than focusing on only one objective.

Question 142.

Which security control helps verify that a downloaded file has not been altered by comparing a calculated value with a known value?

1. Hashing
   2. Compression
   3. Defragmentation
   4. Virtualization

Correct Answer: 1. Hashing

Explanation:

Hashing processes data through a mathematical function to produce a fixed-length value often called a hash or digest. If even a small part of the original file changes, the resulting hash should also change. Users can compare a downloaded file’s calculated hash with a trusted published value to check integrity. Hashing is not normally reversible and is different from encryption, which is designed to protect confidentiality. Compression and defragmentation are unrelated to validating file integrity.

Question 143.

Which security principle ensures that one individual does not have complete control over every stage of a sensitive process?

1. Least privilege
   2. Separation of duties
   3. Single sign-on
   4. Open access

Correct Answer: 2. Separation of duties

Explanation:

Separation of duties divides sensitive responsibilities among multiple people or roles so no single person can perform every critical step without oversight. For example, one employee might approve a transaction while another processes it. This reduces the risk of fraud, mistakes, and abuse. Least privilege limits permissions, while single sign-on simplifies authentication. Separation of duties is especially important in financial systems, administration, security operations, and other environments where independent review improves accountability.

Question 144.

Which practice helps reduce the impact of a compromised user account by limiting what that account can access?

1. Password reuse
   2. Shared administrator accounts
   3. Open permissions
   4. Least privilege**

Correct Answer: 4. Least privilege

Explanation:

Least privilege gives users and applications only the permissions necessary to perform their required tasks. If an account is compromised, limited permissions can restrict the attacker’s ability to access sensitive information or make system-wide changes. Shared administrator accounts and open permissions increase risk, while password reuse can allow one compromise to affect multiple services. Least privilege should be combined with strong authentication, monitoring, and periodic access reviews to maintain appropriate security over time.

Question 145.

Which type of malware is designed to appear legitimate while secretly performing malicious actions?

1. Trojan
   2. Firewall
   3. Backup utility
   4. Hypervisor

Correct Answer: 1. Trojan

Explanation:

A Trojan is malicious software that disguises itself as a legitimate or desirable program. Users may install it voluntarily because they believe it is safe. Once executed, the Trojan may steal information, install additional malware, create unauthorized access, or perform other harmful actions. Unlike a classic virus, a Trojan does not necessarily need to attach itself to another file. Users should obtain software from trusted sources and avoid unexpected attachments or downloads from unknown websites.

Question 146.

Which type of malware can spread automatically across networks without requiring a user to open an infected file?

1. Virus only
   2. Worm
   3. Cookie
   4. Driver

Correct Answer: 2. Worm

Explanation:

A worm is malware capable of spreading automatically from one system to another, often by exploiting vulnerabilities or weak configurations. Unlike many viruses, worms do not necessarily require users to manually open an infected file. Rapid propagation can consume network resources and infect large numbers of systems. Software patching, firewalls, network segmentation, endpoint protection, and secure configuration help reduce worm risk. Cookies and legitimate drivers are not forms of self-propagating malware.

Question 147.

Which attack involves trying many possible passwords until the correct one is found?

1. Phishing
   2. Shoulder surfing
   3. Brute-force attack
   4. Backup restoration

Correct Answer: 3. Brute-force attack

Explanation:

A brute-force attack attempts many possible passwords or keys until the correct one is found. Strong, long passwords increase the amount of effort required, while account lockout, rate limiting, and multifactor authentication can provide additional protection. Phishing relies on deception, and shoulder surfing involves observing a user directly. Automated password attacks can be particularly effective against short or reused credentials, so organizations should combine strong password practices with additional authentication controls.

Question 148.

Which security attack uses previously stolen username-and-password combinations against other online services?

1. Encryption
   2. Patch management
   3. Backup rotation
   4. Credential stuffing**

Correct Answer: 4. Credential stuffing

Explanation:

Credential stuffing occurs when attackers take username-and-password combinations stolen from one service and test them against other services. The attack works because many people reuse passwords. Using a unique password for every important account greatly reduces the risk. Multifactor authentication provides additional protection even if a password is exposed. Password managers can help users generate and store unique credentials rather than relying on memorized passwords that are reused across multiple sites.

Question 149.

Which physical security control helps prevent unauthorized people from entering a restricted room?

1. Door access control
   2. File compression
   3. DNS filtering
   4. RAID

Correct Answer: 1. Door access control

Explanation:

Door access controls such as locks, badges, smart cards, or biometric readers help restrict entry to sensitive areas. Physical security is important because technical controls can be bypassed if unauthorized people gain direct access to devices, servers, or network equipment. File compression, DNS filtering, and RAID serve different technical purposes. Organizations often combine access controls with cameras, visitor procedures, alarms, and environmental protections to create layered physical security.

Question 150.

Which environmental control is most important for reducing damage to computer equipment caused by excessive heat?

1. Password complexity
   2. Cooling and ventilation
   3. File permissions
   4. Screen locking

Correct Answer: 2. Cooling and ventilation

Explanation:

Computer equipment generates heat and must remain within safe operating temperatures. Cooling systems, ventilation, properly arranged airflow, and clean air paths help prevent overheating. Excessive heat can reduce component lifespan, cause instability, and trigger automatic shutdowns. Passwords, permissions, and screen locks are important security controls but do not manage environmental temperature. Server rooms and data centers often use dedicated cooling and monitoring because hardware density can generate substantial heat.

Question 151.

Which device provides temporary battery power when normal electrical power fails?

1. Surge protector only
   2. Power strip
   3. UPS
   4. Ethernet switch

Correct Answer: 3. UPS

Explanation:

An uninterruptible power supply, or UPS, provides temporary battery power when utility power fails. It can keep equipment operating long enough for brief outages to pass or allow systems to shut down safely. Many UPS devices also provide power conditioning or surge protection. A basic surge protector helps protect against voltage spikes but does not normally provide battery backup. A UPS is especially valuable for servers, networking equipment, and systems where sudden power loss could cause data corruption or service interruption.

Question 152.

Which device is specifically designed to help protect electronics from sudden voltage spikes?

1. Router
   2. Switch
   3. Printer
   4. Surge protector**

Correct Answer: 4. Surge protector

Explanation:

A surge protector is designed to reduce the risk of damage caused by sudden voltage spikes. Such spikes may result from electrical disturbances, equipment switching, or lightning-related events. A UPS may also include surge-protection features, but a dedicated surge protector does not normally provide battery backup. Routers, switches, and printers are not electrical protection devices. Sensitive electronics should use appropriate power protection, especially in environments with unstable electrical service.

Question 153.

Which practice should be followed before opening a desktop computer to replace internal hardware?

1. Shut down the computer and disconnect power
   2. Leave the system running
   3. Touch components without ESD precautions
   4. Place liquids beside the motherboard

Correct Answer: 1. Shut down the computer and disconnect power

Explanation:

Before working inside a computer, the system should be shut down and disconnected from power. This reduces the risk of electric shock, short circuits, and accidental component damage. Electrostatic discharge precautions should also be used when handling sensitive electronic components. Working inside an energized system is dangerous and may damage hardware. Liquids should be kept away from electronics. Following basic safety procedures is essential whenever installing or replacing internal components.

Question 154.

Which precaution helps protect computer components from electrostatic discharge?

1. Increase humidity to an unsafe level
   2. Use an ESD wrist strap or proper grounding method
   3. Touch connector pins repeatedly
   4. Work on carpet whenever possible

Correct Answer: 2. Use an ESD wrist strap or proper grounding method

Explanation:

Electrostatic discharge can damage sensitive components even when the person handling them does not feel a shock. An ESD wrist strap connected to an appropriate grounding point can help equalize electrical potential and reduce the chance of damaging hardware. Working on carpet and touching exposed connector contacts can increase risk. Components should also be handled by their edges and stored in antistatic packaging when appropriate.

Question 155.

Which type of connector is reversible and is commonly used for data, power, and video on modern devices?

1. VGA
   2. PS/2
   3. USB-C
   4. RJ-11

Correct Answer: 3. USB-C

Explanation:

USB-C uses a small reversible connector and can support data transfer, power delivery, and in some implementations video output. The exact capabilities depend on the device, cable, and supported standards because not every USB-C port provides identical features. VGA is an older video connector, PS/2 is associated with legacy input devices, and RJ-11 is commonly associated with telephone connections. USB-C has become widely used on laptops, tablets, phones, monitors, and docking stations.

Question 156.

Which connector is most commonly associated with traditional analog telephone lines?

1. RJ-45
   2. HDMI
   3. USB-A
   4. RJ-11**

Correct Answer: 4. RJ-11

Explanation:

RJ-11-style connectors are commonly associated with traditional telephone lines and some DSL connections. They are smaller than the RJ-45-style connectors commonly used with Ethernet networking. HDMI carries digital audio and video, while USB-A is a general-purpose peripheral connector. Recognizing common connector types helps users install equipment correctly and avoid forcing incompatible plugs into ports.

Question 157.

Which display technology uses individual pixels that produce their own light and can provide very deep black levels?

1. OLED
   2. Mechanical hard drive
   3. Laser printer
   4. Ethernet

Correct Answer: 1. OLED

Explanation:

OLED displays use organic light-emitting elements in which individual pixels produce their own light. Because a pixel can be turned off completely, OLED technology can provide very deep black levels and strong contrast. Other display technologies may rely on separate backlighting. Hard drives, printers, and Ethernet are unrelated technologies. Display selection may also consider resolution, refresh rate, brightness, power consumption, cost, and risk of image retention depending on the use case.

Question 158.

Which printer type uses toner powder rather than liquid ink?

1. Inkjet printer
   2. Laser printer
   3. Thermal printer only
   4. Impact printer only

Correct Answer: 2. Laser printer

Explanation:

Laser printers use toner powder and an imaging process involving components such as a photosensitive drum and fuser assembly. Inkjet printers spray liquid ink onto paper. Thermal printers use heat-sensitive media or thermal transfer technology, while impact printers physically strike a ribbon. Laser printers are commonly used in offices because they can provide fast printing and good text quality, especially for larger print volumes.

Question 159.

Which printer type commonly sprays tiny droplets of liquid ink onto paper?

1. Laser
   2. Thermal only
   3. Inkjet
   4. Impact only

Correct Answer: 3. Inkjet

Explanation:

Inkjet printers create images and text by spraying small droplets of liquid ink onto paper. They are common in homes and small offices and can produce high-quality color output, including photographs. Laser printers use toner rather than liquid ink. Thermal and impact printers use different mechanisms. Inkjet maintenance can include replacing cartridges, cleaning print heads, and ensuring that nozzles remain clear, especially when the printer is used infrequently.

Question 160.

A desktop computer shuts down unexpectedly after running demanding applications for several minutes. Which issue should be checked first?

1. Domain name spelling
   2. Printer toner level
   3. Browser bookmarks
   4. Overheating and cooling-system operation**

Correct Answer: 4. Overheating and cooling-system operation

Explanation:

A computer that shuts down under sustained heavy load may be overheating. The technician should check whether fans are operating, vents are blocked, heat sinks are properly installed, and dust buildup is restricting airflow. Temperature-monitoring tools may also help confirm the problem. Browsing settings, printer toner, and domain names would not normally cause load-dependent shutdowns. Structured troubleshooting should still verify symptoms and evidence before replacing components.