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Question 241

Which protocol is used to exchange routing information between routers within an enterprise network?

1. RADIUS
2. NTP
3. OSPF
4. LLDP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

OSPF is a link-state interior gateway routing protocol used to exchange routing information within an autonomous system. Aruba CX switches can use OSPF to dynamically learn routes and respond to topology changes. OSPF routers establish neighbor relationships and exchange link-state information, allowing them to build a topology database and calculate appropriate paths. RADIUS is used for authentication, NTP provides time synchronization, and LLDP provides neighbor discovery. OSPF is particularly useful in larger networks because administrators do not need to configure every route manually and routing can adapt when network links change.

Question 242

Which Aruba CX feature provides cloud-based centralized management of supported network devices?

1. Aruba Central
2. VRRP
3. LACP
4. ARP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Aruba Central provides centralized cloud-based management and monitoring for supported Aruba networking devices. Administrators can use the platform to configure devices, organize sites, monitor network health, review alerts, and maintain operational visibility across multiple locations. VRRP provides gateway redundancy, LACP manages link aggregation, and ARP resolves IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses. Centralized management is particularly useful in distributed environments where administrators need to manage many network devices without accessing each device individually. It can also help maintain consistent configuration and operational practices across different network locations.

Question 243

Which technology provides first-hop gateway redundancy by using a virtual IP address?

1. STP
2. LLDP
3. sFlow
4. VRRP

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

VRRP provides first-hop gateway redundancy through a virtual router and virtual IP address. Multiple Layer 3 devices can participate in a VRRP group, with one device normally forwarding traffic for the virtual gateway. If that device fails, another participating device can assume the forwarding role. Hosts continue using the same virtual gateway address, so individual endpoint configuration does not need to change. STP prevents Layer 2 loops, LLDP discovers neighboring devices, and sFlow provides traffic monitoring. VRRP is therefore useful for improving default-gateway availability in enterprise networks.

Question 244

Which protocol is commonly used with 802.1X to authenticate network users or devices?

1. OSPF
2. RADIUS
3. LACP
4. NTP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

RADIUS is commonly used as the authentication server protocol for 802.1X deployments. In a typical architecture, the endpoint acts as the supplicant, the switch acts as the authenticator, and the RADIUS server processes the authentication request. The server can return authorization information that determines the access permitted to the authenticated endpoint. OSPF provides dynamic routing, LACP manages link aggregation, and NTP synchronizes clocks. Using RADIUS with 802.1X allows organizations to centrally manage authentication instead of maintaining separate credentials and access policies on individual network switches.

Question 245

Which protocol can automatically synchronize the system clocks of Aruba CX switches with a time source?

1. NTP
2. BGP
3. STP
4. DHCP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Network Time Protocol is used to synchronize device clocks with configured time sources. Accurate time is important for system logs, event correlation, troubleshooting, monitoring, and security investigations. When network devices have synchronized clocks, administrators can compare events from different systems more accurately. BGP is used for routing between autonomous systems, STP prevents Layer 2 loops, and DHCP provides IP configuration. Administrators should verify that NTP is actually synchronized and not simply configured, because a configured server does not necessarily mean that successful synchronization has occurred.

Question 246

Which Aruba CX capability provides analytics and monitoring of operational switch conditions?

1. LACP
2. NAE
3. VRRP
4. ARP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The Aruba Network Analytics Engine, or NAE, provides analytics and monitoring capabilities on Aruba CX switches. It can observe selected operational information and identify conditions that match configured monitoring logic. This can help administrators detect problems and investigate unusual behavior without constantly examining every command output manually. LACP manages link aggregation, VRRP provides gateway redundancy, and ARP resolves IPv4 addresses. NAE is particularly useful for proactive network operations because it can help identify selected conditions and provide information that supports faster troubleshooting.

Question 247

Which technology combines multiple physical Ethernet links into a logical aggregated connection?

1. DHCP snooping
2. VRRP
3. LACP
4. OSPF

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

LACP is used to dynamically establish and maintain link aggregation. Multiple physical Ethernet interfaces can operate as members of one logical Link Aggregation Group. This can provide increased aggregate bandwidth and redundancy because traffic does not depend on only one physical link. DHCP snooping provides Layer 2 security, VRRP provides gateway redundancy, and OSPF provides dynamic routing. LACP is commonly used for switch uplinks and server connections. Correct configuration of the participating interfaces is necessary for the intended aggregation group to form and operate properly.

Question 248

Which protocol allows a switch to advertise information about itself to directly connected network devices?

1. BGP
2. RADIUS
3. NTP
4. LLDP

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

LLDP is a Layer 2 neighbor-discovery protocol that allows network devices to advertise information about themselves to directly connected neighbors. The exchanged information can help administrators identify neighboring devices, interfaces, and capabilities. LLDP is useful when validating physical topology or troubleshooting unexpected cabling. BGP exchanges routing information between autonomous systems, RADIUS provides centralized authentication, and NTP synchronizes system clocks. Since LLDP operates at Layer 2, it can provide useful neighbor information without depending on normal IP routing between the connected devices.

Question 249

Which feature helps prevent rogue DHCP servers from responding to clients?

1. DHCP snooping
2. OSPF
3. NTP
4. VRRP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

DHCP snooping helps protect a network against rogue DHCP servers. Switch interfaces can be classified as trusted or untrusted, with legitimate DHCP server traffic expected through trusted interfaces. DHCP server responses received through untrusted interfaces can be blocked. DHCP snooping can also maintain binding information containing client IP addresses, MAC addresses, VLANs, and interfaces. OSPF provides routing, NTP synchronizes clocks, and VRRP provides gateway redundancy. DHCP snooping is an important Layer 2 security mechanism because an unauthorized DHCP server could provide incorrect network configuration to clients.

Question 250

Which monitoring technology uses traffic sampling to provide information about network utilization and flows?

1. 802.1X
2. sFlow
3. RADIUS
4. STP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

sFlow provides traffic visibility by sampling packets and collecting interface statistics. The collected information can be sent to a monitoring system for analysis of traffic patterns, utilization, and significant sources or destinations. This can help administrators with troubleshooting, capacity planning, and identifying unusual traffic behavior. 802.1X provides network access control, RADIUS provides authentication services, and STP prevents Layer 2 loops. Because sFlow uses sampling rather than requiring complete inspection of every packet, it can provide useful network visibility while keeping monitoring overhead relatively manageable.

Question 251

Which security feature can protect against ARP spoofing by validating IP-to-MAC bindings?

1. Dynamic ARP Protection
2. LACP
3. BGP
4. NTP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Dynamic ARP Protection helps protect against ARP spoofing by validating ARP messages against trusted IP-to-MAC binding information. DHCP snooping can provide binding information that identifies expected relationships between client addresses and switch ports. If an ARP message does not match trusted information, the switch can take action according to the configured security policy. LACP provides link aggregation, BGP exchanges routing information, and NTP synchronizes device clocks. Dynamic ARP Protection is therefore useful as part of a layered Layer 2 security strategy for reducing unauthorized manipulation of ARP information.

Question 252

Which routing protocol is designed primarily for exchanging routes between autonomous systems?

1. OSPF
2. STP
3. BGP
4. LLDP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Border Gateway Protocol is designed for exchanging routing information between autonomous systems. It is the primary inter-domain routing protocol used for Internet routing and is also used in enterprise networks that have multiple external routing relationships. BGP uses path attributes and policies to influence route advertisement and selection. OSPF is generally used for internal routing, STP prevents Layer 2 loops, and LLDP provides neighbor discovery. Because BGP can influence traffic paths across large networks, administrators should carefully design routing policies and verify advertisements after making configuration changes.

Question 253

Which switch port type is normally used for an endpoint assigned to a single VLAN?

1. Trunk port
2. Access port
3. Routed port
4. Loopback interface

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

An access port is normally assigned to a single VLAN and is commonly used for endpoint devices such as computers, printers, and cameras. Traffic from the endpoint is associated with the configured access VLAN. A trunk port can carry multiple VLANs, while a routed port provides Layer 3 connectivity and a loopback interface is a logical interface. Correct access VLAN configuration is important because placing an endpoint in the wrong VLAN can prevent it from reaching the correct gateway and network services. Access ports are therefore common at the network edge.

Question 254

Which mechanism forwards DHCP requests across a Layer 3 boundary toward a centralized DHCP server?

1. VRRP
2. LLDP
3. DHCP relay
4. STP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

DHCP relay allows DHCP client requests to reach a DHCP server located on a different IP subnet. DHCP discovery messages are normally broadcasts and do not cross Layer 3 boundaries automatically. The relay receives the request and forwards the appropriate information toward the configured DHCP server. This allows organizations to centralize DHCP services while supporting multiple VLANs and routed networks. VRRP provides gateway redundancy, LLDP discovers neighbors, and STP prevents Layer 2 loops. DHCP relay is particularly useful in enterprise environments where many client networks use a shared DHCP infrastructure.

Question 255

Which IPv6 mechanism allows a host to configure an address using information advertised by an IPv6 router?

1. SLAAC
2. ARP
3. DHCPv4
4. RADIUS

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration, or SLAAC, allows IPv6 hosts to configure addresses using prefix information received through Router Advertisements. The host can use the advertised prefix together with an appropriate interface identifier to form an IPv6 address. This reduces the need for manual configuration and can provide basic IPv6 addressing without depending exclusively on a DHCPv6 server. ARP is associated with IPv4, DHCPv4 provides IPv4 configuration, and RADIUS handles authentication. When troubleshooting SLAAC, administrators should verify that Router Advertisements are being received correctly.

Question 256

Which routing principle selects a more specific /24 route over a matching /16 route?

1. Administrative distance
2. Longest prefix match
3. LACP priority
4. VLAN tagging

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Longest prefix match causes a more specific route to be preferred when multiple routing entries match a destination. A /24 prefix represents a smaller address range than a /16 prefix, so the /24 route is considered more specific. This allows routing tables to contain both broad summary routes and more specific paths. Administrative distance is used when comparing routing information from different sources, while LACP priority relates to link aggregation and VLAN tagging identifies VLAN traffic. Understanding longest prefix matching is essential when troubleshooting routing decisions involving overlapping network prefixes.

Question 257

Which standard provides port-based network access control and is commonly integrated with RADIUS?

1. 802.1X
2. 802.1Q
3. STP
4. LLDP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

IEEE 802.1X provides port-based network access control and is commonly integrated with RADIUS authentication servers. In a typical deployment, the endpoint acts as the supplicant, the switch acts as the authenticator, and the RADIUS server processes authentication and authorization. Access can then be granted according to the configured policy. 802.1Q is associated with VLAN tagging, while STP and LLDP provide different network functions. 802.1X is particularly useful at network access ports because it can require authentication before an endpoint receives normal network connectivity.

Question 258

Which protocol resolves an IPv4 address to the MAC address required for Ethernet delivery?

1. NTP
2. ARP
3. OSPF
4. BGP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Address Resolution Protocol maps an IPv4 address to the corresponding MAC address on a local Ethernet network. If a host knows the destination IPv4 address but does not know the associated MAC address, it can send an ARP request. The destination device can respond with its MAC address, allowing the sender to construct an Ethernet frame. NTP synchronizes clocks, OSPF provides dynamic routing, and BGP handles inter-domain routing. ARP information can be especially useful during troubleshooting when local IPv4 communication fails unexpectedly.

Question 259

Which Aruba CX technology allows a downstream device to form an aggregated connection using two VSX peer switches?

1. Static routing
2. NTP
3. Multi-chassis LAG
4. DHCP relay

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Multi-chassis LAG allows a downstream device to form one logical aggregated connection using physical links connected to both members of an Aruba CX VSX pair. This provides redundancy because connectivity can continue through another physical path if one switch or link becomes unavailable. LACP can be used to dynamically manage the member links. Static routing determines Layer 3 forwarding, NTP synchronizes clocks, and DHCP relay forwards DHCP requests across routed boundaries. Multi-chassis LAG is therefore useful in high-availability designs where both link redundancy and switch-level redundancy are required.

Question 260

Which Aruba CX technology allows two switches to operate together as a redundant pair while retaining independent control planes?

1. VRRP
2. STP
3. VSX
4. sFlow

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

VSX allows two Aruba CX switches to form a redundant switching pair while maintaining separate control planes. The VSX peers synchronize selected information and can provide resilient connectivity to downstream devices. VSX can also be combined with multi-chassis LAG to provide aggregated connections across both switches. VRRP provides first-hop gateway redundancy, STP prevents Layer 2 loops, and sFlow provides traffic monitoring. VSX is useful for creating highly available network designs because the two switches can provide redundancy without requiring a single physical chassis to handle all switching functions.