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Question 121

Which technology allows two Aruba CX switches to provide redundant connectivity while operating with independent control planes?

1. STP
2. LACP
3. VSX
4. VRRP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

VSX is an Aruba CX high-availability technology that allows two switches to operate as a redundant system while maintaining independent control planes. The switches synchronize selected state information and can both participate in forwarding traffic. A VSX design typically uses an inter-switch link and a keepalive mechanism to maintain peer status. STP provides Layer 2 loop prevention, LACP provides link aggregation, and VRRP provides gateway redundancy. VSX is commonly used in aggregation and core designs where resilient switching is required without depending on a single switch for all forwarding functions.

Question 122

Which protocol is commonly used to exchange internal routing information between Aruba CX Layer 3 devices?

1. LLDP
2. OSPF
3. RADIUS
4. NTP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

OSPF is a dynamic interior gateway routing protocol commonly used to exchange routing information within an enterprise network. It allows Layer 3 devices to learn reachable networks dynamically and calculate paths based on the topology. OSPF uses link-state information and supports hierarchical designs through areas. LLDP is used for neighbor discovery, RADIUS supports authentication and accounting, and NTP provides time synchronization. OSPF is particularly useful in environments where network topology changes and manually maintaining static routes would be inefficient or difficult to scale.

Question 123

Which feature allows an Aruba CX switch to identify unauthorized DHCP servers and create DHCP binding information?

1. DHCP snooping
2. VRRP
3. OSPF
4. LACP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

DHCP snooping monitors DHCP traffic and distinguishes between trusted and untrusted interfaces. It can block DHCP server responses received through unauthorized interfaces, helping protect clients from rogue DHCP servers. The feature can also create binding information associating IP addresses, MAC addresses, and switch ports. This information can be used by other security features such as Dynamic ARP Protection. VRRP provides gateway redundancy, OSPF handles routing, and LACP aggregates physical links. DHCP snooping is therefore an important security feature for protecting DHCP operations in Layer 2 networks.

Question 124

Which protocol provides a virtual default gateway that can remain available when one gateway device fails?

1. BGP
2. LLDP
3. NTP
4. VRRP

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

VRRP provides gateway redundancy by allowing multiple Layer 3 devices to participate in a virtual router configuration. Hosts use a virtual IP address as their default gateway. One device normally performs the forwarding function, while another participating device can take over if the active device becomes unavailable. This reduces the impact of a single gateway failure without requiring hosts to change their configured default gateway. BGP provides routing between autonomous systems, LLDP discovers neighbors, and NTP synchronizes clocks. VRRP is therefore useful for improving first-hop availability.

Question 125

Which protocol is used to dynamically negotiate a link aggregation group between compatible network devices?

1. LACP
2. ARP
3. OSPF
4. DHCP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

LACP dynamically establishes and maintains link aggregation between compatible network devices. Multiple physical Ethernet interfaces can be combined into a logical link, providing redundancy and potentially greater aggregate bandwidth. LACP also helps ensure that participating interfaces are correctly associated with the aggregation group. ARP resolves IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses, OSPF exchanges routing information, and DHCP provides network configuration. LACP is commonly used between switches and servers where multiple physical connections need to operate together as a resilient logical connection.

Question 126

Which security protocol is commonly used to provide encrypted remote CLI access to an Aruba CX switch?

1. Telnet
2. FTP
3. SSH
4. TFTP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

SSH provides encrypted remote command-line access to network devices. It protects management sessions by encrypting credentials, commands, and other information exchanged between the administrator and the switch. This makes SSH preferable to insecure remote-management protocols such as Telnet. FTP and TFTP are primarily file-transfer protocols and are not designed for secure interactive CLI administration. Administrators should also use strong authentication and appropriate management access controls when deploying SSH. Restricting management access to trusted networks further reduces the possibility of unauthorized access to critical network infrastructure.

Question 127

Which protocol provides information about directly connected network devices and their interfaces?

1. NTP
2. RADIUS
3. LLDP
4. BGP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

LLDP allows compatible network devices to advertise information about themselves to directly connected neighbors. Administrators can use LLDP information to identify neighboring device names, ports, capabilities, and other available information. This is useful for validating physical topology, documenting network connections, and troubleshooting cabling issues. NTP synchronizes clocks, RADIUS provides authentication and accounting, and BGP exchanges routing information. LLDP operates at the data-link layer and is particularly useful when administrators need to determine which device is physically connected to a specific switch interface.

Question 128

Which protocol provides centralized authentication and authorization for network access?

1. STP
2. RADIUS
3. LACP
4. VRRP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

RADIUS provides centralized authentication, authorization, and accounting services. It is commonly integrated with 802.1X to authenticate users or devices before granting network access. Centralized authentication allows administrators to manage credentials and access policies through a common service instead of configuring independent accounts on every network device. STP prevents Layer 2 loops, LACP provides link aggregation, and VRRP provides gateway redundancy. RADIUS can also provide accounting information that helps organizations track authentication and access activity across their network infrastructure.

Question 129

Which IPv4 protocol maps a known destination IP address to its corresponding MAC address?

1. NTP
2. ARP
3. BGP
4. RADIUS

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

ARP, or Address Resolution Protocol, is used in IPv4 Ethernet networks to determine the MAC address associated with a known IPv4 address. A device sends an ARP request when it needs to communicate with a local destination but does not have the required MAC address. The destination can respond with its MAC address, allowing the sender to construct the appropriate Ethernet frame. NTP synchronizes time, BGP exchanges routing information, and RADIUS handles authentication. ARP is therefore fundamental to local IPv4 communication and is frequently useful during connectivity troubleshooting.

Question 130

Which mechanism can provide a backup routing path when a preferred static route becomes unavailable?

1. DHCP relay
2. LLDP
3. NTP
4. Floating static route

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

A floating static route is configured with a higher administrative distance than the preferred route. As long as the primary route remains available, the floating route is not selected. If the primary route is removed from the routing table, the floating static route can become active and provide an alternative path. DHCP relay forwards DHCP requests, LLDP provides neighbor discovery, and NTP synchronizes clocks. Floating static routes are useful for simple redundancy scenarios where administrators need a backup path without implementing a full dynamic routing protocol.

Question 131

Which feature provides analytics that can help identify abnormal operating conditions on an Aruba CX switch?

1. NAE
2. VRRP
3. LACP
4. ARP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The Network Analytics Engine, or NAE, provides analytics and monitoring capabilities within Aruba CX. It can analyze switch information and help identify abnormal conditions, events, and operational issues. NAE can support proactive troubleshooting by providing additional visibility into device behavior rather than requiring administrators to manually inspect every operational statistic. VRRP provides gateway redundancy, LACP manages link aggregation, and ARP resolves IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses. NAE can be particularly valuable in larger environments where automated monitoring and event detection can reduce the time needed to identify network problems.

Question 132

Which protocol is used to synchronize system clocks across network devices?

1. OSPF
2. NTP
3. VRRP
4. LLDP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Network Time Protocol, or NTP, synchronizes clocks between network devices and reliable time sources. Accurate time is important for event logging, troubleshooting, monitoring, authentication, and security investigations. When devices use consistent timestamps, administrators can correlate events across switches, routers, servers, and security systems more effectively. OSPF provides dynamic routing, VRRP provides gateway redundancy, and LLDP provides neighbor discovery. Proper time synchronization is particularly important in environments where administrators need to analyze logs from multiple devices during troubleshooting or security investigations.

Question 133

Which security feature can validate ARP traffic against trusted IP-to-MAC binding information?

1. Dynamic ARP Protection
2. NTP
3. LACP
4. VRRP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Dynamic ARP Protection helps protect against ARP spoofing by validating ARP messages against trusted IP-to-MAC binding information. In an appropriate configuration, DHCP snooping can provide the binding information used for validation. If an ARP packet does not match expected information, the switch can take action according to its security configuration. NTP provides time synchronization, LACP aggregates links, and VRRP provides gateway redundancy. Dynamic ARP Protection can therefore help reduce the risk of attackers manipulating ARP information to redirect or intercept traffic on a Layer 2 network.

Question 134

Which routing protocol is primarily designed for exchanging routes between autonomous systems?

1. OSPF
2. BGP
3. STP
4. LLDP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Border Gateway Protocol, or BGP, is designed to exchange routing information between autonomous systems. It is the principal routing protocol used for Internet routing and can also be deployed by enterprises with multiple external routing relationships. BGP uses path attributes and policies to influence route selection and advertisement. OSPF is primarily used for internal routing, STP prevents Layer 2 loops, and LLDP discovers directly connected devices. BGP requires careful configuration because route policies can affect how traffic enters and exits an organization or service-provider network.

Question 135

Which technology can provide sampled traffic statistics for network visibility and analysis?

1. sFlow
2. VRRP
3. RADIUS
4. DHCP relay

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

sFlow provides sampled traffic information that can be collected and analyzed to understand network behavior. It can help identify high-volume interfaces, traffic sources, destinations, protocols, and utilization patterns. Sampling allows administrators to gain broad visibility without capturing every packet traversing the network. VRRP provides gateway redundancy, RADIUS provides authentication and accounting, and DHCP relay forwards DHCP requests across Layer 3 boundaries. sFlow is useful for troubleshooting, performance analysis, traffic monitoring, and capacity planning, particularly in larger environments with many interfaces and substantial traffic volumes.

Question 136

Which configuration allows a switch interface to carry traffic from multiple VLANs?

1. Access port
2. Loopback interface
3. Trunk port
4. Management-only port

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

A trunk port is designed to carry traffic for multiple VLANs over a single physical connection. VLAN tags, commonly based on IEEE 802.1Q, identify the VLAN associated with each tagged frame. Trunk ports are frequently used between switches and between switches and other VLAN-aware devices. An access port is normally associated with a single VLAN, while a loopback interface is logical and a management-only port is intended for administrative connectivity. Proper trunk configuration is important to ensure that the required VLANs are permitted and that both connected devices use compatible tagging and VLAN settings.

Question 137

Which protocol allows IPv6 hosts to automatically configure addresses using router advertisements?

1. ARP
2. DHCPv4
3. SLAAC
4. FTP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Stateless Address Autoconfiguration, or SLAAC, allows IPv6 hosts to automatically configure IPv6 addresses based on information provided through router advertisements. The router advertises network prefix information, and the host can use that information to construct an IPv6 address. DHCPv6 can also be used when additional configuration or centralized address management is required. ARP is an IPv4 address-resolution protocol, DHCPv4 is used for IPv4 configuration, and FTP is a file-transfer protocol. SLAAC is therefore an important mechanism for simplifying IPv6 address configuration.

Question 138

Which routing principle selects the route with the most specific matching network prefix?

1. Lowest VLAN ID
2. Longest prefix match
3. Highest MAC address
4. Shortest hostname

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Longest prefix matching means that a router selects the most specific route that matches the destination address. A route covering a smaller subnet is preferred over a broader route when both contain the destination. This allows routing tables to combine general and specific routes efficiently. For example, a specific subnet route can override a broader summary route for destinations within that subnet. Administrative distance and metrics are used in other stages of route selection, but the forwarding lookup uses the most specific matching prefix. Understanding longest prefix matching is important when analyzing unexpected routing behavior.

Question 139

Which authentication mechanism can require a user or device to authenticate before gaining normal access through a switch port?

1. 802.1X
2. OSPF
3. NTP
4. LACP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

IEEE 802.1X provides port-based network access control. It can require a user or device to authenticate before normal network access is granted through a switch interface. In enterprise deployments, the switch commonly acts as the authenticator while a RADIUS server performs authentication and authorization. OSPF provides routing, NTP synchronizes system clocks, and LACP manages link aggregation. 802.1X is useful for controlling access at the network edge and preventing unauthorized devices from obtaining unrestricted connectivity simply by connecting to an available Ethernet port.

Question 140

Which design provides redundant Layer 2 connectivity from a downstream device to both switches in a VSX pair?

1. A single access link
2. A static default route
3. An NTP connection
4. Multi-chassis LAG using LACP

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation

Multi-chassis LAG using LACP can provide redundant Layer 2 connectivity from a downstream device to both members of a VSX pair. The downstream device forms a logical aggregation using physical links connected to the two VSX peers. This allows both switches to participate in forwarding while reducing dependence on a single switch or physical link. A single access link creates a single point of failure, while static routes and NTP connections do not provide Layer 2 link redundancy. Multi-chassis LAG is therefore an important design approach for resilient Aruba CX switching architectures.