View Full Huawei H12-811 Exam Dumps and Practice Test Dumps

 

Question 41

Which routing protocol uses hop count as its metric?

1. OSPF
2. BGP
3. RIP
4. IS-IS

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

RIP uses hop count as its primary routing metric. Each router hop toward a destination increases the metric by one, and the route with the lowest hop count is preferred. RIP has a maximum usable hop count of 15, while a metric of 16 represents an unreachable destination. OSPF uses a cost-based metric, BGP relies on path attributes, and IS-IS uses a cost metric. Understanding RIP is useful for recognizing basic distance-vector routing behavior and its limitations in larger network environments.

Question 42

Which routing protocol uses cost as its primary path metric?

1. OSPF
2. RIP
3. BGP
4. ARP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

OSPF uses cost as its primary routing metric. The cost generally reflects interface bandwidth, allowing the protocol to prefer paths with a lower accumulated cost. OSPF is a link-state routing protocol that builds a topology database and calculates shortest paths using that information. Administrators can influence routing decisions by adjusting interface costs when necessary. When troubleshooting an unexpected OSPF route, examining interface costs and the topology database can help explain why a particular path was selected.

Question 43

Which routing protocol is designed for inter-domain routing?

1. RIP
2. OSPF
3. BGP
4. IS-IS

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

BGP, or Border Gateway Protocol, is designed for exchanging routing information between autonomous systems. It is therefore fundamental to Internet-scale routing and other environments requiring policy-based inter-domain routing. BGP uses path attributes to evaluate routes rather than relying on a simple metric such as hop count. Attributes can influence route selection according to administrative policy. Because BGP is policy-oriented and operates between autonomous systems, troubleshooting often requires examining both route attributes and the relationships between BGP peers.

Question 44

Which BGP attribute commonly influences outbound route preference within an AS?

1. MED
2. Local Preference
3. Origin
4. AS Path

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

Local Preference is a BGP attribute commonly used to influence which outbound path an autonomous system prefers. A higher local preference is generally preferred within the AS. This attribute is distributed through the AS and helps routers make consistent outbound routing decisions. MED, AS Path, and Origin also participate in BGP route selection but have different purposes and scopes. When multiple external routes exist for the same destination, administrators can use Local Preference to establish an internal preference for a particular exit path.

Question 45

Which BGP attribute records autonomous systems crossed by a route?

1. Next Hop
2. Local Preference
3. MED
4. AS Path

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

The AS Path attribute records the sequence of autonomous systems through which a BGP route has passed. BGP can use this information during route selection, and the path also helps prevent routing loops because an AS can reject a route containing its own AS number. Longer AS paths are generally less preferred when comparing otherwise suitable routes. Administrators troubleshooting BGP advertisements should inspect the AS Path to understand how a route was learned and whether unexpected autonomous systems appear in the path.

Question 46

Which BGP attribute can help influence inbound traffic through another AS?

1. MED
2. Local Preference
3. Weight
4. Router ID

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

MED, or Multi-Exit Discriminator, can be used to suggest a preferred entry point into an autonomous system when multiple links exist between neighboring autonomous systems. Lower MED values are generally preferred when the comparison applies. MED is typically considered in a more limited context than attributes such as Local Preference. Administrators can use it to influence how neighboring networks select among multiple possible paths. Its effectiveness depends on the neighboring AS’s routing policy and whether that AS considers MED in its route-selection process.

Question 47

Which OSPF packet carries link-state advertisements?

1. Hello
2. Database Description
3. Link State Request
4. Link State Update

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

The Link State Update packet carries Link-State Advertisements, or LSAs, between OSPF routers. LSAs describe topology information that routers use to build their link-state databases. Hello packets discover and maintain neighbors, Database Description packets summarize database contents, and Link State Request packets ask for specific missing information. When an OSPF topology changes, Link State Updates help distribute the necessary information so routers can update their databases and recalculate appropriate paths.

Question 48

Which OSPF packet requests specific missing LSAs?

1. Link State Request
2. Link State Update
3. Database Description
4. Hello

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

A Link State Request packet asks an OSPF neighbor for specific LSAs that are needed to synchronize the local link-state database. During adjacency formation, routers compare database summaries and request information that is missing or outdated. Link State Update packets then carry the requested LSAs. This exchange helps neighboring routers build consistent topology databases. When an OSPF adjacency becomes stuck during database synchronization, administrators can examine packet exchange and configuration compatibility between the neighboring interfaces.

Question 49

Which OSPF packet summarizes a router’s link-state database?

1. Hello
2. Database Description
3. Link State Request
4. Link State Update

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

The Database Description packet provides summaries of the LSAs contained in an OSPF router’s link-state database. During adjacency establishment, neighboring routers exchange these summaries to determine which information each router already has. If a router discovers that it lacks particular LSAs, it can request them using Link State Request packets. This database synchronization process is important for forming a fully operational OSPF adjacency. Problems during this stage can result from incompatible parameters, MTU issues, or inconsistent OSPF configuration.

Question 50

Which route type is manually configured by an administrator?

1. Dynamic route
2. Learned route
3. Static route
4. Protocol route

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

A static route is manually configured by an administrator rather than being learned through a dynamic routing protocol. Static routes can provide predictable forwarding behavior and are often useful for simple topologies, default paths, backup routes, or specific destinations. However, they generally require manual maintenance when the topology changes. Dynamic routing protocols such as OSPF or BGP can automatically exchange and update routing information. When troubleshooting a static route, administrators should verify the destination prefix, next hop, outgoing interface, and route preference.

Question 51

Which route commonly forwards traffic toward unknown destinations?

1. Host route
2. Default route
3. Connected route
4. Summary route

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

A default route provides a fallback path when no more specific route exists for the destination. In IPv4, the commonly used default prefix is 0.0.0.0/0. In IPv6, the equivalent is ::/0. Default routes are frequently used by enterprise routers to send Internet-bound traffic toward an upstream provider or gateway. When a packet cannot be matched by a more specific routing-table entry, the default route can provide the next forwarding decision if one is installed and valid.

Question 52

Which route is automatically created for a directly connected subnet?

1. Static route
2. Floating route
3. Connected route
4. Policy route

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

A connected route represents a network directly attached to a router interface. When an interface is configured with a valid IP address and becomes operational, the router can install the associated connected network in its routing table. A connected route does not require a separate dynamic routing protocol advertisement. It is fundamental to local forwarding because the router knows that destinations within the connected subnet are reachable through that interface. Administrators troubleshooting local routing should verify both interface status and IP addressing.

Question 53

Which routing-table value represents route preference on Huawei VRP?

1. Preference
2. Cost
3. Priority
4. Distance

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

Huawei VRP uses route preference to compare routes learned from different routing sources. A route with a more preferred value can be selected when multiple protocols provide routes to the same destination. This concept is separate from a protocol’s internal metric. For example, OSPF and RIP can use different metrics internally, while route preference helps determine which routing source should be trusted when their routes compete. Administrators troubleshooting route selection should inspect both the route’s preference and its protocol-specific metric.

Question 54

Which mechanism prevents switching loops in Ethernet networks?

1. ARP
2. STP
3. DHCP
4. DNS

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

STP, or Spanning Tree Protocol, prevents Layer 2 switching loops by logically blocking redundant paths while maintaining them as alternatives. Without loop prevention, redundant Ethernet links can create broadcast storms, duplicate frames, and unstable MAC address learning. STP elects a root bridge and calculates preferred paths through the topology. If an active path fails, an alternative path can become usable. Administrators troubleshooting switching loops should inspect STP roles, port states, bridge priorities, and topology changes.

Question 55

Which STP device becomes the root bridge?

1. Switch with highest MAC
2. Switch with lowest Bridge ID
3. Switch with highest port count
4. Switch with fastest links

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

STP elects the switch with the lowest Bridge ID as the root bridge. The Bridge ID includes a bridge priority component and a MAC address used to break ties. Administrators can influence root selection by configuring an appropriate bridge priority rather than relying entirely on MAC-address comparison. Once the root bridge is selected, other switches calculate their best paths toward it. Proper root placement is important because it influences the resulting Layer 2 forwarding topology.

Question 56

Which STP state forwards normal user traffic?

1. Blocking
2. Listening
3. Learning
4. Forwarding

Correct Answer: 4

Explanation:

The Forwarding state allows an STP port to send and receive normal data traffic. A port in the Learning state can learn MAC addresses but does not yet forward ordinary user frames. Listening is involved in topology processing, while Blocking prevents normal data forwarding. Modern STP variants may use different terminology or transition behavior, but the fundamental purpose remains preventing loops while allowing selected paths to forward traffic. When diagnosing connectivity, administrators should verify whether the required switch port has reached an appropriate forwarding state.

Question 57

Which protocol discovers neighboring network devices?

1. LLDP
2. FTP
3. DHCP
4. SMTP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

LLDP, or Link Layer Discovery Protocol, allows network devices to advertise information about themselves to directly connected neighbors. This can include device identity, port information, capabilities, and management details. LLDP is useful for topology discovery and troubleshooting because administrators can determine which device is connected to a particular interface. It operates at the data-link layer and is independent of IP routing. When documenting or troubleshooting physical connectivity, LLDP information can provide valuable confirmation of neighboring device relationships.

Question 58

Which protocol aggregates multiple physical links into one logical link?

1. VRRP
2. LACP
3. STP
4. LLDP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation:

LACP manages link aggregation by negotiating and maintaining a group of physical links as a logical aggregated connection. Link aggregation can provide greater aggregate bandwidth and redundancy between compatible devices. If one member link fails, the remaining members can continue carrying traffic. Administrators must ensure that the participating interfaces have compatible aggregation settings. When troubleshooting an aggregation group, checking member status, negotiation state, interface parameters, and traffic distribution can help identify why a link is not participating correctly.

Question 59

Which protocol provides gateway redundancy using a virtual IP?

1. VRRP
2. STP
3. OSPF
4. LACP

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation:

VRRP, or Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol, provides default-gateway redundancy by allowing multiple routers to participate in a virtual router group. The devices share a virtual IP address that hosts can use as their gateway. One router operates as the active master while another can take over if the master becomes unavailable. This improves gateway availability without requiring hosts to change their configured default gateway. Administrators troubleshooting VRRP should examine group membership, priorities, interface status, and the virtual IP configuration.

Question 60

Which protocol discovers neighboring devices at Layer 2?

1. BGP
2. OSPF
3. LLDP
4. RIP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation:

LLDP operates at the data-link layer and exchanges discovery information between directly connected network devices. It can help administrators identify neighboring equipment, interfaces, system names, and supported capabilities. Unlike routing protocols such as OSPF, RIP, or BGP, LLDP does not calculate network paths or exchange routing tables. Its primary purpose is neighbor discovery. This makes LLDP particularly useful during network deployment, topology verification, and troubleshooting of physical or logical interface connections.