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Question 161

Which Junos command displays the current routing table?

1. show route
2. show routing-table
3. show ip route
4. display route

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The show route command is used to display the routing table on a Junos device. The routing table contains routes learned from directly connected networks, static configuration, and dynamic routing protocols such as OSPF and BGP. Administrators use this command to verify whether expected routes are present and to understand how traffic will be forwarded. The output can also show route preferences, next hops, and protocol information. Additional options can be used with show route to examine specific routes or routing information in greater detail.

Question 162

Which route type is automatically installed when an interface has an operationally active IP address?

1. Static
2. Direct
3. BGP
4. OSPF

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

A direct route represents a network that is directly connected to a router interface. When an interface is configured with an IP address and becomes operational, Junos can install the corresponding direct route in the routing table. Direct routes do not require a routing protocol or static route configuration. They are fundamental to IP forwarding because they identify networks that the device can reach directly through one of its interfaces. Administrators can use show route to verify the presence of these routes.

Question 163

Which configuration hierarchy is used to configure static routes in Junos?

1. routing-options
2. protocols static
3. system routing
4. interfaces static-route

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The routing-options hierarchy is used for several routing-related configuration settings, including static routes. A static route allows an administrator to manually specify a destination network and next hop. Static routes are commonly used for simple network designs, default routes, backup paths, or specific destinations that do not require dynamic routing. After configuring a static route, the administrator must commit the candidate configuration before the change becomes active. The resulting route can then be verified using operational routing commands.

Question 164

Which statement is commonly used to configure a static route in Junos?

1. route 192.0.2.0/24 next-hop 192.0.2.1
2. static-route 192.0.2.0/24 gateway 192.0.2.1
3. route static 192.0.2.0/24 via 192.0.2.1
4. ip route 192.0.2.0/24 192.0.2.1

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

Within the routing-options hierarchy, the route statement is used to configure a static route, followed by the destination prefix and a next-hop statement. This tells Junos where traffic for the specified destination should be forwarded. Static routes are manually configured and do not depend on dynamic routing protocol exchanges. They are useful when a predictable forwarding path is required. Administrators should ensure that the configured next hop is reachable and appropriate for the intended destination before committing the configuration.

Question 165

What is the purpose of a default route?

1. To handle traffic for destinations without a more specific route
2. To block all unknown traffic
3. To create a loopback interface
4. To advertise only local networks

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A default route provides a forwarding path for destinations that do not have a more specific matching route in the routing table. In IPv4, the default route is represented by 0.0.0.0/0. Routers often use a default route to forward Internet-bound traffic toward an upstream provider or another gateway. Routing decisions generally prefer the most specific matching route, so a specific destination route takes precedence over the default route. Default routes are common in enterprise, branch, and service-provider network designs.

Question 166

Which IPv4 prefix represents the default route?

1. 255.255.255.255/32
2. 127.0.0.0/8
3. 0.0.0.0/0
4. 224.0.0.0/4

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The IPv4 default route is represented by 0.0.0.0/0. The /0 prefix contains no fixed network bits, so it can match any IPv4 destination that does not have a more specific route. Routers can use this route to forward unknown destinations toward an upstream next hop. Because more specific routes are preferred, the default route generally acts as a last-resort forwarding path. It is commonly configured on edge and branch routers that send external traffic toward another routing device.

Question 167

Which protocol is a link-state interior gateway protocol commonly used in Junos networks?

1. RIP
2. OSPF
3. FTP
4. DHCP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

OSPF, or Open Shortest Path First, is a link-state interior gateway protocol. It allows routers within an autonomous system to exchange topology information and calculate routes using the shortest-path-first algorithm. OSPF is widely used in enterprise and service-provider environments because it supports hierarchical designs, fast convergence, and multiple areas. Junos provides extensive OSPF configuration and operational commands. Administrators can inspect OSPF neighbors, interfaces, and the link-state database when troubleshooting routing behavior.

Question 168

Which command displays OSPF neighbor information on a Junos device?

1. show ospf neighbors
2. show protocols ospf peers
3. show ospf peers
4. show routing ospf-neighbor

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The show ospf neighbors command displays OSPF neighbor information. The output can help administrators verify whether OSPF adjacencies have been established and can provide information about neighboring routers and their states. If an expected neighbor is missing, administrators can investigate interface configuration, IP connectivity, area configuration, authentication, and other OSPF parameters. Checking neighbor status is an important first step when troubleshooting OSPF routing problems because successful adjacencies are required for routers to exchange link-state information.

Question 169

What information does the OSPF link-state database contain?

1. Information about the OSPF topology
2. Only the device hostname
3. Only interface descriptions
4. User authentication records

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The OSPF link-state database contains information describing the topology known to an OSPF area. Routers exchange link-state advertisements to build a synchronized view of the network. Each router uses this information to calculate shortest paths and determine appropriate routes. Administrators can inspect the database when troubleshooting missing routes, unexpected paths, or adjacency problems. A healthy OSPF environment requires participating routers to maintain consistent topology information within the appropriate area. The database is different from the routing table, although it contributes to route calculation.

Question 170

Which Junos command displays OSPF interface information?

1. show ospf interface
2. show interfaces ospf
3. show protocols ospf interface
4. show routing ospf-interface

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The show ospf interface command displays operational information about OSPF-enabled interfaces. Administrators can use this information to verify that OSPF is active on the expected interfaces and to inspect details associated with OSPF operation. Interface-level information can help identify problems involving areas, neighbor relationships, timers, or interface participation. When troubleshooting OSPF, administrators commonly review both interface information and neighbor status. These checks help determine whether the protocol is operating correctly on the relevant network interfaces.

Question 171

Which protocol is commonly used as an exterior gateway protocol between autonomous systems?

1. OSPF
2. IS-IS
3. BGP
4. RIP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

BGP, or Border Gateway Protocol, is the primary exterior gateway protocol used to exchange routing information between autonomous systems. It is widely used by Internet service providers, large enterprises, and organizations with complex external routing requirements. BGP uses attributes to influence route selection and policy decisions. Unlike an interior routing protocol such as OSPF, BGP is designed for policy-based routing between autonomous systems. Junos provides operational commands for monitoring BGP peers, routes, and session status.

Question 172

Which Junos command displays BGP peer session information?

1. show bgp summary
2. show protocols bgp status
3. show bgp peers detail
4. show routing bgp sessions

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The show bgp summary command provides a concise overview of BGP sessions and related information. Administrators can use it to verify whether configured BGP peers have established sessions and to review information such as peer addresses and received route counts. This command is often one of the first commands used when troubleshooting BGP connectivity. If a session is not established, additional commands can be used to investigate configuration, reachability, authentication, and protocol-state information.

Question 173

Which BGP attribute is commonly used to influence outbound traffic within an autonomous system?

1. MED
2. Local preference
3. Origin
4. AS path

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

Local preference is a BGP attribute commonly used to influence outbound traffic within an autonomous system. A higher local-preference value is generally preferred when selecting among applicable BGP routes. Because local preference is propagated within the autonomous system, administrators can use it to establish preferred exit paths. This makes it useful in environments with multiple external connections. BGP policy configuration determines how attributes are set and applied. Local preference should not be confused with MED, which is generally used to influence how neighboring networks enter an autonomous system.

Question 174

Which BGP attribute helps indicate the autonomous systems through which a route has passed?

1. Local preference
2. MED
3. AS path
4. Community

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The AS path attribute records the sequence of autonomous systems associated with a BGP route advertisement. It is important for both route selection and loop prevention. When a BGP router receives a route containing its own autonomous system number in the AS path, it can recognize that the route has already passed through that autonomous system and reject it to prevent routing loops. Administrators can also use AS-path-based policies to influence which routes are accepted or preferred.

Question 175

Which Junos command displays the forwarding table used by the Packet Forwarding Engine?

1. show route forwarding-table
2. show forwarding-table
3. show pfe routes
4. show packet forwarding

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The show forwarding-table command displays forwarding information used for packet forwarding. The routing table contains control-plane routing information, while the forwarding table represents information used by the forwarding plane to make packet-forwarding decisions. Comparing routing and forwarding information can be useful when troubleshooting forwarding behavior. Junos devices use the Packet Forwarding Engine to handle packet forwarding at high speed. Administrators may inspect forwarding information when determining why traffic is being sent through a particular interface or next hop.

Question 176

What is the primary function of the Packet Forwarding Engine?

1. Forward packets based on forwarding information
2. Store user passwords
3. Manage configuration commits
4. Run only routing protocols

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The Packet Forwarding Engine is responsible for high-speed packet forwarding on Junos devices. It uses forwarding information programmed by the control plane to determine how packets should be handled. The Routing Engine performs control-plane functions such as running routing protocols and managing the configuration, while the Packet Forwarding Engine focuses on forwarding traffic. This separation allows routing and management functions to operate independently from the high-speed forwarding process. Understanding the distinction between these components is fundamental to Junos architecture.

Question 177

Which component is primarily responsible for running routing protocols on a Junos device?

1. Packet Forwarding Engine
2. Routing Engine
3. Ethernet switch chip
4. Interface module

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The Routing Engine performs control-plane functions on a Junos device, including running routing protocols and managing the system configuration. It communicates routing information to the forwarding components so that traffic can be forwarded appropriately. Protocols such as OSPF and BGP operate as part of the control plane. The Packet Forwarding Engine, in contrast, handles packet forwarding. This separation of responsibilities is a key part of Juniper network architecture and helps provide efficient packet processing.

Question 178

Which command displays information about the Routing Engine?

1. show chassis routing-engine
2. show routing engine
3. show system routing-engine
4. show engine status

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The show chassis routing-engine command displays information about the Routing Engine. Depending on the Juniper platform, the output can include CPU utilization, memory usage, uptime, model information, and other operational details. This command is useful for monitoring the health and resource utilization of the control plane. If a device experiences high CPU or memory usage, administrators can use this information along with process and system monitoring commands to investigate the cause.

Question 179

Which Junos command displays currently running system processes?

1. show system processes
2. show processes system
3. show system tasks
4. display processes

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The show system processes command displays information about processes running on the Junos device. Administrators can use process information to investigate high CPU utilization or identify processes consuming significant system resources. It is particularly useful during troubleshooting when a device appears slow or experiences unexpected control-plane behavior. Process information should be interpreted together with system load, memory usage, logs, and other operational information. A high resource value alone does not necessarily indicate a fault, because normal device activity can vary by platform and workload.

Question 180

Which Junos command displays filesystem usage on the device?

1. show system storage
2. show storage filesystem
3. show system disk
4. show filesystems

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The show system storage command displays filesystem and storage utilization information on a Junos device. Monitoring storage is important because excessive disk usage can affect logging, software operations, and other system functions. Administrators can use this command to identify filesystems that are approaching capacity and then investigate unnecessary files or logs where appropriate. Storage management is part of routine device maintenance. When troubleshooting system problems, checking storage usage along with CPU, memory, logs, and system alarms can provide useful operational context.