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AWS Certified DevOps Engineer - Professional DOP-C02 Practice Test 69

Question 680

An ECR repository grows indefinitely with historical images while a separate cleanup job deletes images still required for rollback.

Which evidence most directly demonstrates that the requirement has been met?

  1. Package download succeeds for approved builds but a user without publishing rights receives an explicit denied write attempt.
  2. An earlier approved object version remains retrievable by the pipeline after newer releases have been produced.
  3. CodeBuild resolves an explicit dependency version from CodeArtifact and unauthorized principals cannot publish replacement packages.
  4. Current and rollback digests stay pullable after retention cleanup, while older unreferenced images expire as intended.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Current and rollback digests stay pullable after retention cleanup, while older unreferenced images expire as intended. It directly verifies the change: Define lifecycle policies that prune unused image versions while retaining active and approved rollback digests. The test matters because artifact lifecycle policy must balance storage cost with reproducible incident recovery, and deletion eligibility depends on release usage.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Package download succeeds for approved builds but a user without publishing rights receives an explicit denied write attempt. That result would help prove private registry publishing rights, where the relevant action is: Separate read-only consumer permissions from tightly scoped publisher rights for authorized build automation. It does not establish this case's required outcome. For artifact retention rules, the decisive verification is: Current and rollback digests stay pullable after retention cleanup, while older unreferenced images expire as intended.

B:

An earlier approved object version remains retrievable by the pipeline after newer releases have been produced. That result would help prove s3 artifact version preservation, where the relevant action is: Store versioned release archives with immutable build identifiers in an encrypted artifact bucket and retain the deployed version mapping. It does not establish this case's required outcome. For artifact retention rules, the decisive verification is: Current and rollback digests stay pullable after retention cleanup, while older unreferenced images expire as intended.

C:

CodeBuild resolves an explicit dependency version from CodeArtifact and unauthorized principals cannot publish replacement packages. That result would help prove private package registry, where the relevant action is: Publish versioned internal packages to a private AWS CodeArtifact repository with scoped read/write access for build roles. It does not establish this case's required outcome. For artifact retention rules, the decisive verification is: Current and rollback digests stay pullable after retention cleanup, while older unreferenced images expire as intended.

Question 681

A deployment drains old tasks and directs users to new instances before their application readiness endpoint is returning success.

What could most credibly go wrong under these conditions?

  1. Dropping a still-used column before old tasks retire can break live traffic and make rollback impossible.
  2. Switching the alias to the untested version for all traffic can turn one code defect into a complete checkout outage.
  3. An in-place all-host update can leave no known-good instances available when a common defect causes widespread failure.
  4. Premature cutover sends live requests to bootstrapping instances that cannot yet process transactions.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Premature cutover sends live requests to bootstrapping instances that cannot yet process transactions. This outcome arises from the mechanism in the situation: Load balancer health checks determine whether an instance or task should receive requests; instance launch does not mean application readiness. The corresponding mitigation is: Require healthy load-balancer target status and suitable readiness checks before shifting client traffic to replacement capacity.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Dropping a still-used column before old tasks retire can break live traffic and make rollback impossible. That is a credible concern for database expand contract migration, normally addressed by: Use an expand-and-contract schema migration that preserves backward compatibility throughout mixed-version deployment. It is not the primary failure mechanism described here. The relevant exposure is: Premature cutover sends live requests to bootstrapping instances that cannot yet process transactions.

B:

Switching the alias to the untested version for all traffic can turn one code defect into a complete checkout outage. That is a credible concern for lambda canary aliases, normally addressed by: Publish a Lambda version and use a CodeDeploy canary deployment to shift alias traffic gradually with CloudWatch rollback alarms. It is not the primary failure mechanism described here. The relevant exposure is: Premature cutover sends live requests to bootstrapping instances that cannot yet process transactions.

C:

An in-place all-host update can leave no known-good instances available when a common defect causes widespread failure. That is a credible concern for ec2 blue green deployment, normally addressed by: Deploy the revision to a separate green EC2 fleet and switch traffic after health checks using a blue/green deployment strategy. It is not the primary failure mechanism described here. The relevant exposure is: Premature cutover sends live requests to bootstrapping instances that cannot yet process transactions.

Question 682

An Auto Scaling group must deploy a patched application binary but operators continue updating existing instances manually.

Which failure mode should the DevOps engineer prioritize?

  1. Without a health-based rollback condition the deployment can remain marked successful while users experience persistent failures.
  2. Missing lifecycle steps can make a pipeline report file transfer success while the running application remains on the old version.
  3. Manual in-place patches leave mixed instance versions and new scale-out instances running the outdated binary.
  4. Replacing all ECS tasks at once without healthy capacity can drop requests and leave rollback dependent on slow image redeployment.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Manual in-place patches leave mixed instance versions and new scale-out instances running the outdated binary. This outcome arises from the mechanism in the situation: Instance refresh reconciles the fleet to a declared immutable template while preserving a minimum healthy percentage. The corresponding mitigation is: Create a new launch template version referencing the tested AMI and perform a managed instance refresh with health thresholds.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Without a health-based rollback condition the deployment can remain marked successful while users experience persistent failures. That is a credible concern for alarm based deployment rollback, normally addressed by: Associate meaningful CloudWatch alarms with CodeDeploy and configure automatic rollback when application health degrades. It is not the primary failure mechanism described here. The relevant exposure is: Manual in-place patches leave mixed instance versions and new scale-out instances running the outdated binary.

B:

Missing lifecycle steps can make a pipeline report file transfer success while the running application remains on the old version. That is a credible concern for codedeploy lifecycle hooks, normally addressed by: Configure the appropriate AppSpec lifecycle hooks to stop, install and start the application, then validate the service after installation. It is not the primary failure mechanism described here. The relevant exposure is: Manual in-place patches leave mixed instance versions and new scale-out instances running the outdated binary.

D:

Replacing all ECS tasks at once without healthy capacity can drop requests and leave rollback dependent on slow image redeployment. That is a credible concern for ecs traffic shifted releases, normally addressed by: Use CodeDeploy blue/green with distinct ECS task sets and ALB target groups, then switch the listener to the healthy replacement. It is not the primary failure mechanism described here. The relevant exposure is: Manual in-place patches leave mixed instance versions and new scale-out instances running the outdated binary.

Question 683

A deployment role in the workload account can read a shared S3 object but fails to decrypt its KMS-encrypted release artifact.

Which failure mode should the DevOps engineer prioritize?

  1. Mutable tags allow a restarted task to pull a newer untested image under an apparently unchanged release name.
  2. Source-only testing misses vulnerabilities introduced by base images or assembly steps after code validation.
  3. Fixing S3 permissions alone leaves cross-account deployments broken or encourages overly broad KMS grants.
  4. Untraceable packages prevent responders from identifying whether a compromised build entered the release path.

Explanation

Correct Answer

C:

Fixing S3 permissions alone leaves cross-account deployments broken or encourages overly broad KMS grants. This outcome arises from the mechanism in the situation: Reading an SSE-KMS object requires both permitted S3 access and effective permissions to use the encryption key. The corresponding mitigation is: Allow the target deployment role appropriate KMS decrypt access in the key policy and IAM permissions while keeping object access scoped.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Mutable tags allow a restarted task to pull a newer untested image under an apparently unchanged release name. That is a credible concern for immutable container tags, normally addressed by: Enable immutable image tags or promote by image digest so a release references a fixed container image version. It is not the primary failure mechanism described here. The relevant exposure is: Fixing S3 permissions alone leaves cross-account deployments broken or encourages overly broad KMS grants.

B:

Source-only testing misses vulnerabilities introduced by base images or assembly steps after code validation. That is a credible concern for artifact scanning after build, normally addressed by: Scan the final built container or machine image in addition to source dependencies before release approval. It is not the primary failure mechanism described here. The relevant exposure is: Fixing S3 permissions alone leaves cross-account deployments broken or encourages overly broad KMS grants.

D:

Untraceable packages prevent responders from identifying whether a compromised build entered the release path. That is a credible concern for build provenance tracking, normally addressed by: Record source revision, build execution, artifact checksum and dependency inventory as immutable release metadata. It is not the primary failure mechanism described here. The relevant exposure is: Fixing S3 permissions alone leaves cross-account deployments broken or encourages overly broad KMS grants.

Question 684

A stateful web application pins sessions to a single EC2 server, preventing safe traffic shifting between old and new fleets.

Why would the preferred design resolve the described failure?

  1. Load balancer health checks determine whether an instance or task should receive requests; instance launch does not mean application readiness.
  2. Decoupling user session state from instances allows new targets to receive requests without losing authenticated transaction continuity.
  3. Kubernetes readiness controls endpoint participation while rollout parameters bound simultaneous pod unavailability.
  4. Deployment hooks coordinate application lifecycle actions; successful file copying alone does not prove readiness to serve requests.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Decoupling user session state from instances allows new targets to receive requests without losing authenticated transaction continuity. This explains the implementation decision: Move session state into a shared appropriate store or design stateless sessions before using blue/green traffic switching. Verification should show the following: A user completes an active session after switching between blue and green targets without unauthorized session reset.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Load balancer health checks determine whether an instance or task should receive requests; instance launch does not mean application readiness. This reasoning supports the alternative topic of alb target group health, for which the relevant intervention is: Require healthy load-balancer target status and suitable readiness checks before shifting client traffic to replacement capacity. The scenario requires understanding sticky session removal, where decoupling user session state from instances allows new targets to receive requests without losing authenticated transaction continuity.

C:

Kubernetes readiness controls endpoint participation while rollout parameters bound simultaneous pod unavailability. This reasoning supports the alternative topic of kubernetes rolling readiness, for which the relevant intervention is: Use readiness probes and rolling-update maxUnavailable/maxSurge settings that preserve service capacity during replacement. The scenario requires understanding sticky session removal, where decoupling user session state from instances allows new targets to receive requests without losing authenticated transaction continuity.

D:

Deployment hooks coordinate application lifecycle actions; successful file copying alone does not prove readiness to serve requests. This reasoning supports the alternative topic of codedeploy lifecycle hooks, for which the relevant intervention is: Configure the appropriate AppSpec lifecycle hooks to stop, install and start the application, then validate the service after installation. The scenario requires understanding sticky session removal, where decoupling user session state from instances allows new targets to receive requests without losing authenticated transaction continuity.

Question 685

A product team builds in a tooling account and deploys independently into staging and production accounts without distributing permanent access keys.

What is the most appropriate next step for this team?

  1. Reference Secrets Manager or encrypted Systems Manager Parameter Store values at runtime under a scoped build role rather than embedding secret values in source.
  2. Configure CodePipeline deployment actions to assume dedicated least-privilege roles in each target account with scoped trust policies.
  3. Run CodeBuild jobs in defined ephemeral build environments with pinned dependency versions and protected service-role permissions.
  4. Insert a manual approval stage in the production promotion path, with reviewers separate from the code authors.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Configure CodePipeline deployment actions to assume dedicated least-privilege roles in each target account with scoped trust policies. Cross-account role assumption supplies temporary credentials and separates the pipeline's orchestration identity from permissions inside each workload account. The relevant operational proof is specific: A staged pipeline deploys only to its authorized account and CloudTrail records the assumed-role operations for each stage.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Reference Secrets Manager or encrypted Systems Manager Parameter Store values at runtime under a scoped build role rather than embedding secret values in source. That would address pipeline secret retrieval, because managed secrets enable controlled retrieval and rotation while IAM determines which build execution may access a credential. However, the stated situation instead concerns cross-account deployment roles. Cross-account role assumption supplies temporary credentials and separates the pipeline's orchestration identity from permissions inside each workload account.

C:

Run CodeBuild jobs in defined ephemeral build environments with pinned dependency versions and protected service-role permissions. That would address build isolation and reproducibility, because disposable build environments reduce persistent host drift, while pinned inputs and restricted credentials make release artifacts more reproducible. However, the stated situation instead concerns cross-account deployment roles. Cross-account role assumption supplies temporary credentials and separates the pipeline's orchestration identity from permissions inside each workload account.

D:

Insert a manual approval stage in the production promotion path, with reviewers separate from the code authors. That would address release approval segregation, because a pipeline approval action pauses a release without discarding its tested artifacts and provides an auditable human authorization boundary. However, the stated situation instead concerns cross-account deployment roles. Cross-account role assumption supplies temporary credentials and separates the pipeline's orchestration identity from permissions inside each workload account.

Question 686

A team scans source dependencies but deploys a packaged container layer containing an outdated vulnerable operating-system library.

Which evidence most directly demonstrates that the requirement has been met?

  1. A scoped target role can decrypt only authorized release objects, while an unrelated workload role remains denied.
  2. Image findings identify bundled OS packages and the pipeline blocks promotion of disallowed runtime vulnerabilities.
  3. Image tests verify required agent and patch state, and a new launch template references the tested AMI version.
  4. An earlier approved object version remains retrievable by the pipeline after newer releases have been produced.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Image findings identify bundled OS packages and the pipeline blocks promotion of disallowed runtime vulnerabilities. It directly verifies the change: Scan the final built container or machine image in addition to source dependencies before release approval. The test matters because the deployed artifact may include runtime libraries not represented in source dependency checks, so assessment must cover the actual output.

Incorrect Answers

A:

A scoped target role can decrypt only authorized release objects, while an unrelated workload role remains denied. That result would help prove cross-account kms artifacts, where the relevant action is: Allow the target deployment role appropriate KMS decrypt access in the key policy and IAM permissions while keeping object access scoped. It does not establish this case's required outcome. For artifact scanning after build, the decisive verification is: Image findings identify bundled OS packages and the pipeline blocks promotion of disallowed runtime vulnerabilities.

C:

Image tests verify required agent and patch state, and a new launch template references the tested AMI version. That result would help prove golden ami pipeline, where the relevant action is: Use EC2 Image Builder to create, test and distribute versioned patched AMIs for immutable instance replacement. It does not establish this case's required outcome. For artifact scanning after build, the decisive verification is: Image findings identify bundled OS packages and the pipeline blocks promotion of disallowed runtime vulnerabilities.

D:

An earlier approved object version remains retrievable by the pipeline after newer releases have been produced. That result would help prove s3 artifact version preservation, where the relevant action is: Store versioned release archives with immutable build identifiers in an encrypted artifact bucket and retain the deployed version mapping. It does not establish this case's required outcome. For artifact scanning after build, the decisive verification is: Image findings identify bundled OS packages and the pipeline blocks promotion of disallowed runtime vulnerabilities.

Question 687

A release adds a new database column and deletes an old one immediately, but traffic will temporarily reach both old and new application versions.

Which approach best meets the reliability and security constraints?

  1. Use CodeDeploy blue/green with distinct ECS task sets and ALB target groups, then switch the listener to the healthy replacement.
  2. Use an expand-and-contract schema migration that preserves backward compatibility throughout mixed-version deployment.
  3. Configure the appropriate AppSpec lifecycle hooks to stop, install and start the application, then validate the service after installation.
  4. Require healthy load-balancer target status and suitable readiness checks before shifting client traffic to replacement capacity.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Use an expand-and-contract schema migration that preserves backward compatibility throughout mixed-version deployment. Schema changes must support both application revisions while blue/green or canary traffic overlaps; destructive changes belong after consumers migrate. The relevant operational proof is specific: Old and new application versions successfully read and write compatible schema states until cutover and rollback windows finish.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Use CodeDeploy blue/green with distinct ECS task sets and ALB target groups, then switch the listener to the healthy replacement. That would address ecs traffic shifted releases, because two task sets allow controlled validation and traffic movement while preserving the prior task set for rollback during the deployment window. However, the stated situation instead concerns database expand contract migration. Schema changes must support both application revisions while blue/green or canary traffic overlaps; destructive changes belong after consumers migrate.

C:

Configure the appropriate AppSpec lifecycle hooks to stop, install and start the application, then validate the service after installation. That would address codedeploy lifecycle hooks, because deployment hooks coordinate application lifecycle actions; successful file copying alone does not prove readiness to serve requests. However, the stated situation instead concerns database expand contract migration. Schema changes must support both application revisions while blue/green or canary traffic overlaps; destructive changes belong after consumers migrate.

D:

Require healthy load-balancer target status and suitable readiness checks before shifting client traffic to replacement capacity. That would address alb target group health, because load balancer health checks determine whether an instance or task should receive requests; instance launch does not mean application readiness. However, the stated situation instead concerns database expand contract migration. Schema changes must support both application revisions while blue/green or canary traffic overlaps; destructive changes belong after consumers migrate.

Question 688

An ECR repository grows indefinitely with historical images while a separate cleanup job deletes images still required for rollback.

What is the most appropriate next step for this team?

  1. Publish versioned internal packages to a private AWS CodeArtifact repository with scoped read/write access for build roles.
  2. Define lifecycle policies that prune unused image versions while retaining active and approved rollback digests.
  3. Store versioned release archives with immutable build identifiers in an encrypted artifact bucket and retain the deployed version mapping.
  4. Separate read-only consumer permissions from tightly scoped publisher rights for authorized build automation.

Explanation

Correct Answer

B:

Define lifecycle policies that prune unused image versions while retaining active and approved rollback digests. Artifact lifecycle policy must balance storage cost with reproducible incident recovery, and deletion eligibility depends on release usage. The relevant operational proof is specific: Current and rollback digests stay pullable after retention cleanup, while older unreferenced images expire as intended.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Publish versioned internal packages to a private AWS CodeArtifact repository with scoped read/write access for build roles. That would address private package registry, because a managed package repository centralizes package provenance, version control and authorization across multiple pipelines. However, the stated situation instead concerns artifact retention rules. Artifact lifecycle policy must balance storage cost with reproducible incident recovery, and deletion eligibility depends on release usage.

C:

Store versioned release archives with immutable build identifiers in an encrypted artifact bucket and retain the deployed version mapping. That would address s3 artifact version preservation, because versioning and unique object keys preserve rollback material and identify which bytes correspond to a release approval. However, the stated situation instead concerns artifact retention rules. Artifact lifecycle policy must balance storage cost with reproducible incident recovery, and deletion eligibility depends on release usage.

D:

Separate read-only consumer permissions from tightly scoped publisher rights for authorized build automation. That would address private registry publishing rights, because least-privilege publishing prevents consumers from changing package content or creating unauthorized versions in shared repositories. However, the stated situation instead concerns artifact retention rules. Artifact lifecycle policy must balance storage cost with reproducible incident recovery, and deletion eligibility depends on release usage.

Question 689

A financial team deploys payment changes automatically from developer commits even when an authorized change approval is mandatory.

Which approach best meets the reliability and security constraints?

  1. Use an authorized AWS CodeConnections repository connection and configured pipeline source triggers instead of a developer-maintained token.
  2. Configure a separate encrypted pipeline artifact bucket in each action Region and grant the required cross-Region access.
  3. Configure CodePipeline deployment actions to assume dedicated least-privilege roles in each target account with scoped trust policies.
  4. Insert a manual approval stage in the production promotion path, with reviewers separate from the code authors.

Explanation

Correct Answer

D:

Insert a manual approval stage in the production promotion path, with reviewers separate from the code authors. A pipeline approval action pauses a release without discarding its tested artifacts and provides an auditable human authorization boundary. The relevant operational proof is specific: An unapproved execution remains stopped; approved executions retain reviewer identity, timestamp and the exact artifact version.

Incorrect Answers

A:

Use an authorized AWS CodeConnections repository connection and configured pipeline source triggers instead of a developer-maintained token. That would address source connection permissions, because a managed repository connection provides a controlled integration between source events and pipeline execution without embedding a personal access token in an instance. However, the stated situation instead concerns release approval segregation. A pipeline approval action pauses a release without discarding its tested artifacts and provides an auditable human authorization boundary.

B:

Configure a separate encrypted pipeline artifact bucket in each action Region and grant the required cross-Region access. That would address multi-region pipeline artifacts, because codePipeline cross-Region actions require regional artifact stores because pipeline outputs must be transferred to resources near the action. However, the stated situation instead concerns release approval segregation. A pipeline approval action pauses a release without discarding its tested artifacts and provides an auditable human authorization boundary.

C:

Configure CodePipeline deployment actions to assume dedicated least-privilege roles in each target account with scoped trust policies. That would address cross-account deployment roles, because cross-account role assumption supplies temporary credentials and separates the pipeline's orchestration identity from permissions inside each workload account. However, the stated situation instead concerns release approval segregation. A pipeline approval action pauses a release without discarding its tested artifacts and provides an auditable human authorization boundary.

Question 690

A release pipeline orchestrates actions in two AWS Regions but the second Region cannot access the expected artifact store.

Which explanation best describes the technical mechanism at issue?

  1. CodePipeline cross-Region actions require regional artifact stores because pipeline outputs must be transferred to resources near the action.
  2. Source-event filters control which commits enter the deployment path, while stage ordering ensures testing produces an explicit success signal.
  3. A pipeline approval action pauses a release without discarding its tested artifacts and provides an auditable human authorization boundary.
  4. Separating release units reduces blast radius when services have independent artifacts and release cadence, while contract tests still guard shared interfaces.

Explanation

Correct Answer

A:

CodePipeline cross-Region actions require regional artifact stores because pipeline outputs must be transferred to resources near the action. This explains the implementation decision: Configure a separate encrypted pipeline artifact bucket in each action Region and grant the required cross-Region access. Verification should show the following: Actions in both Regions retrieve the exact versioned release artifact and execute using properly scoped KMS and S3 permissions.

Incorrect Answers

B:

Source-event filters control which commits enter the deployment path, while stage ordering ensures testing produces an explicit success signal. This reasoning supports the alternative topic of branch-aware ci triggers, for which the relevant intervention is: Filter pipeline source events to the approved integration branch and require test-stage success before production deployment. The scenario requires understanding multi-region pipeline artifacts, where codePipeline cross-Region actions require regional artifact stores because pipeline outputs must be transferred to resources near the action.

C:

A pipeline approval action pauses a release without discarding its tested artifacts and provides an auditable human authorization boundary. This reasoning supports the alternative topic of release approval segregation, for which the relevant intervention is: Insert a manual approval stage in the production promotion path, with reviewers separate from the code authors. The scenario requires understanding multi-region pipeline artifacts, where codePipeline cross-Region actions require regional artifact stores because pipeline outputs must be transferred to resources near the action.

D:

Separating release units reduces blast radius when services have independent artifacts and release cadence, while contract tests still guard shared interfaces. This reasoning supports the alternative topic of release pipeline fault isolation, for which the relevant intervention is: Split independently deployable services into appropriately isolated pipelines with explicit dependency checks at integration boundaries. The scenario requires understanding multi-region pipeline artifacts, where codePipeline cross-Region actions require regional artifact stores because pipeline outputs must be transferred to resources near the action.

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