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Question 101

Which subnet mask provides 62 usable IPv4 host addresses?

1. 255.255.255.192
2. 255.255.255.224
3. 255.255.255.240
4. 255.255.255.248

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The subnet mask 255.255.255.192 represents a /26 network. A /26 subnet contains 64 total IPv4 addresses. One address is reserved as the network address and another is reserved as the broadcast address, leaving 62 usable addresses for hosts. A /27 provides 30 usable addresses, /28 provides 14, and /29 provides 6. Therefore, 255.255.255.192 is the correct subnet mask when a network requires 62 usable IPv4 host addresses.

Question 102

Which command enables IPv6 packet forwarding on a Cisco router?

1. ipv6 address enable
2. ipv6 unicast-routing
3. ip routing ipv6
4. ipv6 forwarding enable

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The ipv6 unicast-routing command enables IPv6 packet forwarding on a Cisco router. Without this command, the router may have IPv6 addresses configured on its interfaces but will not function as an IPv6 router for forwarding unicast packets between interfaces. After enabling IPv6 unicast routing, administrators can configure IPv6 addresses and routing protocols as needed. The other commands listed are not valid Cisco IOS commands for globally enabling IPv6 routing. Therefore, ipv6 unicast-routing is the correct command.

Question 103

Which VLAN is commonly used to separate management traffic from normal user traffic?

1. Voice VLAN
2. Native VLAN
3. Management VLAN
4. Guest VLAN

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

A management VLAN is commonly used to provide a dedicated network segment for managing switches, routers, access points, and other infrastructure devices. Administrators can assign an SVI or management interface an IP address within this VLAN and restrict access to authorized management systems. Separating management traffic from normal user traffic can improve security and simplify network administration. A voice VLAN is intended for voice devices, while native and guest VLANs serve different purposes. Therefore, the management VLAN is the appropriate choice for dedicated infrastructure management traffic.

Question 104

Which IPv4 subnet contains the host address 192.168.50.130/26?

1. 192.168.50.0/26
2. 192.168.50.64/26
3. 192.168.50.128/26
4. 192.168.50.192/26

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

A /26 subnet contains 64 addresses, creating network ranges that begin at 0, 64, 128, and 192 in the final octet. The address 192.168.50.130 falls within the range from 128 through 191. Therefore, its network address is 192.168.50.128/26. The first address is the network identifier and 192.168.50.191 is the broadcast address, leaving 192.168.50.129 through 192.168.50.190 as usable host addresses. Therefore, 192.168.50.128/26 is the correct subnet.

Question 105

Which routing protocol is classified as a link-state routing protocol?

1. RIP
2. OSPF
3. BGP
4. EGP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

OSPF, or Open Shortest Path First, is a link-state interior gateway routing protocol. It builds a topology database containing information about links within an OSPF area and uses the Shortest Path First algorithm to calculate optimal routes. Routers exchange link-state information to maintain a consistent view of the network topology. RIP is a distance-vector protocol, while BGP is a path-vector protocol used primarily between autonomous systems. Therefore, OSPF is the correct example of a link-state routing protocol.

Question 106

What is the purpose of the native VLAN on an IEEE 802.1Q trunk?

1. It carries untagged frames
2. It disables VLAN communication
3. It carries only management traffic
4. It prevents all broadcast traffic

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The native VLAN on an IEEE 802.1Q trunk is used for frames that are transmitted without an 802.1Q VLAN tag. Both ends of a trunk should normally have the same native VLAN configuration to avoid connectivity problems and potential security issues. The native VLAN is not automatically restricted to management traffic, nor does it disable VLAN communication or eliminate broadcasts. Administrators should carefully configure native VLANs and avoid unnecessary exposure of sensitive traffic. Therefore, the native VLAN primarily carries untagged frames across an 802.1Q trunk.

Question 107

Which command can verify whether an interface is operating as a trunk on a Cisco switch?

1. show ip route
2. show interfaces trunk
3. show users
4. show arp

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The show interfaces trunk command provides information about interfaces currently operating as trunk ports. It can display trunk status, encapsulation, native VLAN, and VLANs that are allowed and active on the trunk. This makes the command useful when troubleshooting VLAN connectivity between switches. show ip route displays Layer 3 routing information, show users identifies active management sessions, and show arp displays address-resolution information. Therefore, show interfaces trunk is the appropriate command for verifying switch trunk interfaces.

Question 108

Which STP protection feature places a port into a disabled or err-disabled state when an unexpected BPDU is received on a PortFast-enabled interface?

1. Root Guard
2. Loop Guard
3. BPDU Guard
4. UDLD

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

BPDU Guard protects PortFast-enabled access ports by placing the interface into an error-disabled state when a BPDU is received unexpectedly. PortFast is intended for ports connected to end devices, so receiving a BPDU may indicate that another switch has been connected and could create a Layer 2 loop. BPDU Guard provides an automatic protective response in this situation. Root Guard protects against unauthorized root bridge information, while Loop Guard helps prevent certain STP loop conditions. Therefore, BPDU Guard is the correct feature.

Question 109

Which protocol is commonly used to securely transfer files between network devices and servers?

1. TFTP
2. FTP
3. ARP
4. ICMP

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

FTP, or File Transfer Protocol, is designed to transfer files between hosts over a network. Traditional FTP does not encrypt the communication, so secure environments may use alternatives such as SFTP or SCP when confidentiality is required. TFTP is a simpler file transfer protocol that does not provide authentication or encryption and is commonly used for specific network device operations. ARP resolves IPv4 addresses to MAC addresses, while ICMP supports network control and diagnostic messages. Therefore, FTP is the protocol specifically designed for general file transfer.

Question 110

Which IPv6 address type is intended for communication within an organization and is not globally routable on the Internet?

1. Global unicast
2. Link-local
3. Unique local
4. Multicast

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Unique local IPv6 addresses are designed for internal organizational communication and are not intended to be routed across the public Internet. They use the FC00::/7 range, although commonly deployed unique local addresses use the FD00::/8 portion. Link-local addresses are limited to a local network segment, while global unicast addresses are designed for globally routable communication. Multicast addresses identify groups of devices. Therefore, unique local addresses are appropriate for internal IPv6 networks where globally routable addressing is not required.

Question 111

Which command displays the MAC address table of a Cisco switch?

1. show mac address-table
2. show ip interface brief
3. show ip protocols
4. show spanning-tree summary

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

The show mac address-table command displays MAC addresses that the switch has learned and the interfaces or VLANs associated with those addresses. Switches use this table to make Layer 2 forwarding decisions. When a frame arrives, the switch examines its source MAC address and learns where that device is located. It then uses the destination MAC address to determine the appropriate forwarding interface. The other commands provide interface, routing protocol, or STP information. Therefore, show mac address-table is the correct command for viewing learned MAC addresses.

Question 112

Which device provides Layer 3 routing between VLANs when using router-on-a-stick?

1. Layer 2 switch
2. Wireless controller
3. Router
4. Hub

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

In a router-on-a-stick configuration, a single physical router interface is divided into multiple logical subinterfaces. Each subinterface is assigned an IP address and associated with a specific VLAN using IEEE 802.1Q encapsulation. The router receives tagged traffic from a trunk link and performs Layer 3 routing between VLANs. The switch provides Layer 2 VLAN connectivity but does not perform the inter-VLAN routing in this design. Therefore, the router is the device responsible for routing traffic between the VLANs.

Question 113

Which protocol uses UDP port 161 for network management queries?

1. NTP
2. SNMP
3. DHCP
4. DNS

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

SNMP commonly uses UDP port 161 for management queries between an SNMP manager and an SNMP agent. Network management systems can use SNMP to retrieve information such as interface statistics, device status, and resource utilization. SNMP notifications such as traps commonly use UDP port 162. NTP uses UDP port 123, DHCP uses UDP ports 67 and 68, and DNS commonly uses UDP port 53. Therefore, SNMP is the protocol associated with UDP port 161 for management queries.

Question 114

Which command assigns VLAN 20 to an access port on a Cisco switch?

1. switchport vlan 20
2. vlan access 20
3. switchport access vlan 20
4. switchport trunk vlan 20

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

The switchport access vlan 20 command assigns an access interface to VLAN 20. The interface should first be configured as an access port, typically using switchport mode access. Once assigned, untagged traffic received from the connected endpoint is associated with VLAN 20. The command is different from trunk configuration, where multiple VLANs can be carried over a single interface. Therefore, switchport access vlan 20 is the correct Cisco IOS command for assigning an access port to VLAN 20.

Question 115

What is the primary purpose of a default route on an edge router?

1. To provide a path for destinations not found in the routing table
2. To assign IP addresses to clients
3. To prevent VLAN creation
4. To establish MAC addresses

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A default route provides a fallback forwarding path when a router does not have a more-specific route for the destination network. It is often configured on an organization’s edge router toward an Internet service provider or upstream router. In IPv4, the default route is represented as 0.0.0.0/0. The router uses this route only when no more-specific matching route exists. DHCP handles address assignment, VLANs provide Layer 2 segmentation, and MAC learning occurs on switches. Therefore, providing a fallback path is the main purpose of a default route.

Question 116

Which authentication server protocol is commonly used by network devices to provide centralized AAA services and encrypt the entire authentication packet?

1. RADIUS
2. TACACS+
3. HTTP
4. Telnet

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

TACACS+ is a centralized AAA protocol commonly used to authenticate administrators accessing network devices. Unlike RADIUS, TACACS+ encrypts the entire body of the authentication packet and separates authentication from authorization and accounting functions. This provides administrators with granular control over network device access and commands. RADIUS is also widely used for centralized authentication, particularly in network access and wireless environments, but it uses a different security model. HTTP and Telnet are not AAA server protocols. Therefore, TACACS+ is the correct answer.

Question 117

Which wireless device connects wireless clients to a wired Ethernet network?

1. Access point
2. Router table
3. Patch panel
4. CSU/DSU

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A wireless access point provides wireless connectivity to client devices and bridges their traffic to the wired Ethernet network. Clients such as laptops, smartphones, and tablets associate with the access point using a configured wireless SSID and security method. The access point then forwards traffic between the wireless network and its wired interface. A patch panel provides physical cable termination, while a CSU/DSU is associated with certain WAN connections. Therefore, an access point is the device that connects wireless clients to a wired LAN.

Question 118

Which OSPF parameter is used to identify an OSPF router within an OSPF domain?

1. VLAN ID
2. Router ID
3. MAC address
4. Autonomous system number

Correct Answer: 2

Explanation

The OSPF router ID uniquely identifies an OSPF router within the OSPF routing domain. It is represented as a 32-bit value written in IPv4 address format, even when OSPF is being used to route IPv6 traffic. Cisco IOS can select the router ID from manually configured values, loopback addresses, or active interface addresses depending on configuration. The router ID is used in OSPF neighbor relationships and database information. Therefore, the OSPF router ID is the identifier used to distinguish one OSPF router from another.

Question 119

Which network automation interface commonly uses HTTP methods such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE?

1. REST API
2. Console cable
3. SNMP trap
4. Syslog

Correct Answer: 1

Explanation

A REST API commonly uses HTTP methods such as GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE to interact with resources programmatically. Network administrators and automation applications can use REST APIs to retrieve information, create configurations, modify resources, or remove configurations on supported systems. REST APIs commonly exchange structured information using formats such as JSON. Console access is manual device management, SNMP traps provide notifications, and Syslog transports event messages. Therefore, a REST API is the interface commonly associated with these HTTP methods.

Question 120

Which protocol is used to automatically discover the physical topology of non-Cisco network devices?

1. CDP
2. OSPF
3. LLDP
4. DHCP

Correct Answer: 3

Explanation

Link Layer Discovery Protocol, or LLDP, is an IEEE standards-based neighbor discovery protocol that allows network devices from different vendors to advertise information about themselves to directly connected neighbors. It can provide details such as device identity, port information, and capabilities. Unlike CDP, which is Cisco proprietary, LLDP is designed for multivendor environments. OSPF exchanges routing information, DHCP provides address configuration, and neither is intended for physical neighbor discovery. Therefore, LLDP is the correct protocol for discovering neighboring devices across different vendors.