CompTIA A+ validates entry-level technical support skills across devices, networking, operating systems, security and troubleshooting. The current certification requires two exams—Core 1 (220-1201) and Core 2 (220-1202)—so study methods should be tied to the active objectives rather than to older book editions. Five approaches can make preparation more practical: teach a concept aloud, handle safe […]

This retrospective looks at ten cybersecurity certifications that were relevant to security careers around 2019, a period when organizations were paying more attention to ransomware, data protection, cloud adoption and professional security roles. The list preserves the historical question that candidates were asking at the time: which skills and credentials might help them move into […]

Reducing Microsoft Azure spending safely requires financial ownership and engineering evidence. This article presents eight cost-governance strategies, focusing on who authorizes resource use, how waste is investigated, which commitments are justified and how savings are verified without weakening availability or data recovery. It complements service-specific tuning rather than repeating an arbitrary list of discount tips. […]

Choosing a cybersecurity certification in 2016 meant evaluating a growing field of credentials at a time when breaches, regulatory oversight, and professional security functions were attracting wider attention. This article retains that historical frame while distinguishing the credential families that mattered then from the registration options and career demands of 2026. A certification name can […]

Professional Scrum Master I (PSM I) measures whether a candidate understands the Scrum framework and can apply it to real product work. Scrum.org’s current certification page lists an 80-question, 60-minute assessment with an 85% passing score. Formal course attendance is not required, and certification is earned through the assessment rather than automatic course completion. Those […]

Microsoft Certified: Azure Solutions Architect Expert is a current credential for professionals who design cloud and hybrid solutions on Azure. It validates a defined set of design skills, but the path has two separate requirements: candidates must earn Microsoft Certified: Azure Administrator Associate and pass AZ-305, Designing Microsoft Azure Infrastructure Solutions. Passing AZ-305 alone does […]

The convergence of cloud platforms and artificial intelligence has changed how organizations build applications, analyze information and automate certain tasks. This article originally compared AWS, Azure, Salesforce, IBM and Google through their older AI product families. Those examples have historical value, but the companies’ portfolios and terminology have evolved. It would be misleading to treat […]

Starting a cybersecurity career is not a race to collect the most certificates. The useful starting point is to become reliable at a small set of IT and security tasks, document what you can do, and apply for jobs whose responsibilities match that evidence. The “2025” in this page’s original title is historical. A reader […]

EC-Council’s Certified Incident Handler (ECIH) is one of the most prestigious and widely recognized certifications for professionals in the field of incident handling. The certification equips individuals with the knowledge and skills needed to effectively prepare for, manage, and recover from a wide variety of security incidents that could potentially disrupt an organization’s operations. On […]

Becoming an AWS solutions architect is a path from understanding individual cloud services to explaining why a particular combination of services is appropriate for a business. The original title of this article reflects its 2025 publication, but the qualification and technology guidance here has been reviewed for November 2026. The goal is not a promised […]

Lean Six Sigma Black Belt work combines quantitative diagnosis with responsible change leadership. The badge alone is not a guarantee of managerial authority or higher income; its value depends on the issuer, the quality of project experience and the candidate’s ability to sustain measurable improvements. Certification bodies differ: IASSC allows candidates to sit its examination […]

EC-Council’s Disaster Recovery Professional (EDRP) certification addresses business continuity and disaster recovery planning. The original article described the release of an updated program; that remains historical context, not proof that every then-new feature, training package or price is unchanged today. EC-Council’s current official page still offers EDRP and describes business impact analysis, risk assessment, crisis […]

EC-Council’s Computer Hacking Forensic Investigator (CHFI) certification is concerned with identifying, preserving, examining and reporting digital evidence. For someone considering a course, the important questions are whether the curriculum develops a defensible investigation process, whether practical exercises provide feedback, and what is actually included in the advertised training package. Older training articles can contain impressive-sounding […]

Microsoft’s MCSA, MCSD and MCSE certifications are no longer awarded through new qualifying exams. The remaining associated assessments were retired on January 31, 2021, following an earlier June 2020 deadline that Microsoft extended in March 2020. A historical article about this transition cannot legitimately ask candidates to register before a future deadline, sell a last […]

This article preserves a snapshot of Microsoft business applications as they were commonly described around 2020. It is not a 2026 product comparison, purchase recommendation, licensing quote or certification timetable. The portfolio changed in naming, plans, AI capability and administration. In particular, old Power BI Premium per-capacity subscriptions are being replaced by Microsoft Fabric F […]