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A router has a working default route to ISP-A and an installed 198.51.100.0/24 route toward a partner VPN. Traffic for 198.51.100.44 is arriving. Where does IOS forward it?
The /24 and /0 match the destination, but the /24 has 24 more fixed destination bits and wins longest-prefix forwarding.
The default is only the fallback when no more-specific valid route covers the destination.
The presence of a default in addition to a specific route does not create same-prefix equal-cost paths.
The documented 198.51.100.0/24 block is valid for an illustrative routing problem; address documentation status does not change prefix matching.
R1 installs static route 10.55.0.0/16 with AD 1 and an OSPF route 10.55.44.0/24 with AD 110. A packet arrives for 10.55.44.200. Which route is used?
The /24 contains the destination and fixes more bits than /16. Prefix selection precedes AD comparison across differently sized matching networks.
AD matters among route sources for the same prefix; the covering /16 does not override a valid longer /24.
An overlap is not equal-cost multipath. These are different matching prefixes with one preferred by specificity.
Installed route tables often contain overlapping static and learned CIDR prefixes; that is not itself an error.
At a payment processor, the campus network lead forwards a packet to 10.58.146.129. Four installed IPv4 routes are listed; all next hops are usable. Which entry wins the longest-prefix match?
10.58.0.0/16 has a prefix length /16 and is the longest matching installed route for 10.58.146.129; destination lookups prefer specificity before an unrelated metric.
0.0.0.0/0 has a prefix length /0 and matches 10.58.146.129 but /16 is more specific than /0.
10.58.147.0/24 has a prefix length /24 and does not contain 10.58.146.129, so this route cannot forward the destination.
10.58.147.0/25 has a prefix length /25 and does not contain 10.58.146.129, so this route cannot forward the destination.
A router receives two valid OSPF routes to 192.0.2.0/24. Both use AD 110, but one has total cost 25 through R2 and the other cost 40 through R3. Which route should be preferred?
OSPF calculates path preference using cumulative cost for otherwise equal route type. Cost 25 is less than 40; identical AD does not turn differing costs into equal-cost paths.
Higher OSPF cost represents a less preferred path in the same route type, not more trusted routing information.
An unrelated interface's speed cannot override which two installed OSPF path costs actually apply.
Equal AD is expected for paths from the same routing protocol; the metric still differentiates these unequal-cost candidates.
A router learns 10.240.0.0/16 through OSPF (AD 110) and a static route configured with AD 200. After the OSPF route disappears, which behavior is expected if the static next hop remains reachable?
The high AD keeps the static backup out while OSPF is preferred. When OSPF disappears, the static route is eligible provided its next hop resolves.
A higher AD makes a route less preferred, not permanently ineligible when the preferred same-prefix route vanishes.
An OSPF process configuration alone does not provide a usable route after the route is withdrawn.
A floating static route can install with its configured AD; IOS does not need to rewrite the configuration.
`show ip route` on R1 contains `L 192.0.2.14/32` and `C 192.0.2.0/24` for Gi0/0. An ICMP Echo packet arrives addressed to 192.0.2.14. What should R1 do with the destination lookup?
The `L /32` route represents R1's own assigned IP address and is the most-specific matching entry. The packet is for the router itself rather than a transit destination.
The connected /24 represents on-link destinations, while the specific `L /32` covers the router's own address.
A default route cannot supersede an exact local /32 match.
A /32 IPv4 unicast host address is not a multicast or broadcast address merely because its prefix length is 32.
At a field-service firm, the campus network lead forwards a packet to 10.69.122.80. Four installed IPv4 routes are listed; all next hops are usable. Which entry wins the longest-prefix match?
10.69.122.0/24 has a prefix length /24 and is the longest matching installed route for 10.69.122.80; destination lookups prefer specificity before an unrelated metric.
10.69.0.0/16 has a prefix length /16 and matches 10.69.122.80 but /24 is more specific than /16.
0.0.0.0/0 has a prefix length /0 and matches 10.69.122.80 but /24 is more specific than /0.
10.69.122.128/25 has a prefix length /25 and does not contain 10.69.122.80, so this route cannot forward the destination.
A router has two OSPF paths to identical prefix 10.22.0.0/16. One path totals cost 28; another totals cost 64. Both adjacencies are Full and equal-area. Which path is installed as preferred?
For matching eligible OSPF paths of the same route type, lower total cost indicates the preferred path. Equal-cost multipath would require matching costs.
OSPF cost is inversely related to desirable path properties under reference-bandwidth rules; a larger total cost is not favored.
Peer IP numeric order is not the relevant path metric comparison in this scenario.
Identical destination prefix alone does not make two different-cost paths equal-cost alternatives.
R1 learns 192.0.2.0/24 via OSPF with AD 110 and has a configured static route for the same prefix with AD 210. Both next hops are reachable. Which route should the active IPv4 table ordinarily install?
For identical prefixes, the lower administrative distance is preferred. The higher-AD static candidate can remain in configuration as a failover route.
A manually configured static route can be deliberately less preferred by giving it a higher AD.
Different administrative distances mean the routes are not both normally installed as equal-cost paths for this same prefix.
A router can be configured with competing route sources; it selects among eligible candidates instead of rejecting all.
An OSPF router has two eligible intra-area paths to the same prefix with costs 70 and 30. A third route from another protocol advertises a different, less-specific prefix. Which factor resolves the OSPF path choice for the identical prefix?
OSPF compares path metrics within its own candidate paths for a destination. The different-prefix route is evaluated separately for destination forwarding.
Hostname text does not participate in OSPF shortest-path metric selection.
Receive order is not the metric-selection rule; SPF uses link-state information and costs.
A route to a different prefix does not determine which of two OSPF paths to the same destination has lower cost.
At a school district, the security and networking lead is setting a Cisco routed edge to forward unmatched IPv4 traffic to ISP next hop 10.163.185.1. Which global configuration creates the required default route?
This defines an IPv4 default static route /0 to next hop 10.163.185.1. It is used when more-specific installed routes do not match the destination.
This adds a host-specific mask /32 for 0.0.0.0 rather than a true catch-all /0 route.
255.255.255.255 is not the destination network ID for a /0 default route. The mask and destination are not paired correctly.
The mask 255.0.0.0 does not define /0; it matches only a restricted prefix beginning at 0.0.0.0. A genuine default has a zero mask, matching every otherwise-unrouted IPv4 destination.
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