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At a field-service firm, the migration lead reviews host 10.101.49.37/23. Which IPv4 address is the directed broadcast of that subnet?
For 10.101.48.0/23, all 9 host bits set to one yield broadcast 10.101.49.255. The final usable host, if any, is one address before it.
10.101.48.0 has host bits set to zero, so it is the network ID rather than broadcast. The block ends at 10.101.49.255.
10.101.49.254 is the highest usable host in the /23 block, not the directed broadcast. It lacks the all-ones host pattern.
10.101.50.0 begins the next subnet block. It cannot be the broadcast for the subnet containing 10.101.49.37.
At a nonprofit organization, the infrastructure lead is planning an ordinary IPv4 LAN with mask /26. How many addresses can be assigned to hosts, excluding subnet and directed broadcast?
A /26 subnet has 6 host bits, or 64 total IPv4 addresses; excluding network and broadcast leaves 62 usable host addresses. This is the traditional LAN-host count.
64 includes the network and directed broadcast addresses. Ordinary IPv4 LAN host assignment excludes both endpoints.
This count does not follow the /26 host-bit calculation; the correct operation is 2^(32-26) - 2 = 62. Subnet capacity should be validated against required growth.
32 corresponds to splitting address space rather than counting both usable host endpoints in a /26 subnet. The actual block has 64 total addresses.
At a warehouse, the campus network lead needs a valid unicast gateway address in subnet 172.20.19.224/28. Which proposed IPv4 address is usable without using its network or broadcast address?
172.20.19.237 falls strictly between 172.20.19.224 and 172.20.19.239; it is a valid host inside 172.20.19.224/28. That meets the requested gateway address constraint.
172.20.19.224 is the all-zero host-bit network address for 172.20.19.224/28, not a normal interface IP on this LAN.
172.20.19.239 is the all-one host-bit directed broadcast for 172.20.19.224/28; using it as the gateway would conflict with broadcast behavior.
172.20.19.240 is beyond the upper boundary of 172.20.19.224/28. Even though it looks adjacent, it belongs to the next subnet.
At a media studio, the campus network lead is configuring a Cisco interface in a /16 IPv4 network. Which dotted-decimal mask matches the given prefix?
Prefix /16 sets 16 leading one bits, producing dotted mask 255.255.0.0. The remaining 16 bits define host numbering.
Mask 255.255.240.0 represents /20, not /16. Counting contiguous one bits gives the distinction.
Mask 255.255.192.0 represents /18, not /16. Counting contiguous one bits gives the distinction.
Mask 255.255.255.240 represents /28, not /16. Counting contiguous one bits gives the distinction.
At a design agency, the on-call technician needs a single IPv4 subnet for 30 devices with no extra reserve requirement. Which mask is the smallest address block that can hold those devices?
A /27 block offers 30 usable addresses, meeting the 30-host requirement with the smallest fitting normal IPv4 LAN block. It leaves 0 addresses for immediate growth.
A /26 block is larger than necessary for 30 endpoints; it consumes extra addresses even though a /27 block meets the stated limit.
A /28 block offers only 14 usable hosts, less than the 30 required. Using the next longer mask would exhaust host capacity.
This option fails the smallest-fitting-block criterion or has unsuitable capacity. Compare each prefix using 2^(32-p)-2 rather than treating larger prefix numbers as larger subnets.
At a hotel, the campus network lead must validate address pairs on LAN 192.168.109.0/24 before assigning endpoints. Which statement is correct?
192.168.109.1 and 192.168.109.254 are both strictly within 192.168.109.0/24, so both are usable and on the same on-link prefix. Their computed masked network addresses match 192.168.109.0.
192.168.109.255 has all host bits one and addresses the subnet broadcast. A host normally uses an interior address.
192.168.109.0 has all host bits zero and is the subnet identifier. It is not ordinarily assigned to a host interface.
192.168.110.0 is in the next subnet after 192.168.109.255. A shared first three octets does not prove same-subnet membership when the mask is /24.
At a supply depot, the on-call technician must document the network address containing host 10.56.16.181/22. Which address is that network ID?
Masking 10.56.16.181 with /22 yields network 10.56.16.0; the subnet block contains 1024 addresses through 10.56.19.255. That is the correct network ID for an SVI or static route.
10.56.19.255 is the last address in the block, not its network address. A broadcast address has host bits set to one.
This is the next subnet after 10.56.16.0/22; the given host 10.56.16.181 resides in the preceding block. The prefix boundary is fixed by 255.255.252.0.
This address identifies the adjacent lower block, not the /22 network containing 10.56.16.181. A network ID is obtained by zeroing all 10 host bits.
At a distribution center, a network operations engineer reviews host 10.192.157.219/22. Which IPv4 address is the directed broadcast of that subnet?
For 10.192.156.0/22, all 10 host bits set to one yield broadcast 10.192.159.255. The final usable host, if any, is one address before it.
10.192.159.254 is the highest usable host in the /22 block, not the directed broadcast. It lacks the all-ones host pattern.
10.192.156.0 has host bits set to zero, so it is the network ID rather than broadcast. The block ends at 10.192.159.255.
10.192.160.0 begins the next subnet block. It cannot be the broadcast for the subnet containing 10.192.157.219.
At a design agency, a network administrator is planning an ordinary IPv4 LAN with mask /27. How many addresses can be assigned to hosts, excluding subnet and directed broadcast?
A /27 subnet has 5 host bits, or 32 total IPv4 addresses; excluding network and broadcast leaves 30 usable host addresses. This is the traditional LAN-host count.
32 includes the network and directed broadcast addresses. Ordinary IPv4 LAN host assignment excludes both endpoints.
16 corresponds to splitting address space rather than counting both usable host endpoints in a /27 subnet. The actual block has 32 total addresses.
This count does not follow the /27 host-bit calculation; the correct operation is 2^(32-27) - 2 = 30. Subnet capacity should be validated against required growth.
At a satellite office, the migration lead needs a valid unicast gateway address in subnet 172.20.152.128/26. Which proposed IPv4 address is usable without using its network or broadcast address?
172.20.152.188 falls strictly between 172.20.152.128 and 172.20.152.191; it is a valid host inside 172.20.152.128/26. That meets the requested gateway address constraint.
172.20.152.191 is the all-one host-bit directed broadcast for 172.20.152.128/26; using it as the gateway would conflict with broadcast behavior.
172.20.152.192 is beyond the upper boundary of 172.20.152.128/26. Even though it looks adjacent, it belongs to the next subnet.
172.20.152.128 is the all-zero host-bit network address for 172.20.152.128/26, not a normal interface IP on this LAN.
At a satellite office, the migration lead is configuring a Cisco interface in a /29 IPv4 network. Which dotted-decimal mask matches the given prefix?
Prefix /29 sets 29 leading one bits, producing dotted mask 255.255.255.248. The remaining 3 bits define host numbering.
Mask 255.255.240.0 represents /20, not /29. Counting contiguous one bits gives the distinction.
Mask 255.255.255.128 represents /25, not /29. Counting contiguous one bits gives the distinction.
Mask 255.255.254.0 represents /23, not /29. Counting contiguous one bits gives the distinction.
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